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with strict propriety, and according to the just analogy of Scriptural language: and that the name of adulteress would not be more proper. And this, as I conceive, it is not difficult to shew: for, we can produce other churches, which had undoubtedly as fair a claim, as the church of Rome can pretend, to be called the betrothed, the espoused of God; which yet upon their apostacy, or idolatrous defection, have, in the language of Scripture, been denominated harlots. Such were the churches of Judah, and of the ten tribes in Samaria, whose legitimate claim to the title of the betrothed, or espoused, will not be disputed. These churches were undeniably in that very situation, in which the Bishop of Meaux represents the Church of Rome to be, when he asserts that on account of that situation, the name of harlot, and of Babylon cannot with propriety be applied to her. And yet in Scripture, these churches are denominated harlots, when idolatry is laid to their charge. Their crime is called whoredom and fornication, very seldom adultery *. And thus, that term which, in the mouth of Divine Wisdom, was properly applied to the espoused Churches of Judah and of Israel, when rebellious and apostate, is certainly applied with equal propriety to the Church Christian, when she appears in the same character; when she is convicted of the same crime. And a reason may be assigned, why such apostate Churches are described in Scriptural language under the name of harlots, rather than of adulteresses. When they forsake God, he disowns them; they are no longer esteemed as married; they are considered as put away," by that great Being who

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See Isaiah i. 21; lxiv. 5-8; lxii. 4. 5. Jer. ii. throughout; xxi. 32. xvi. throughout; Ezek. xvii, Hos. ii.

had

had conferred upon them the title of Spouse. In the language of Scripture, he has "given them a bill of "divorce." Such appears to be the precise case of the idolatrous church of Rome; she forsook her Lord, when she attached herself to the beast and his image; she rebelled and apostatized; and in such a state, if the Holy Spirit were to call her abominations adultery, it would be to own and to honour her more than she deserves. She is no longer the adulterous wife; she is the divorced castaway, and consequently the harlot. The prophecy therefore in this passage, as in all other parts of it, is strictly applicable to Papal Rome; to Papal Rome in her high zenith of insolence and dominion, when she had the command of worldly power in the ten European kingdoms; for it is then more especially that she could be said to ride the beast, and intoxicate the kings. In our days, that proud period of her exaltation is well nigh passed. She now appears in a state of weakness and decline. The kings, the powers of Europe, have begun to "hate her," to strip her of her ornaments, and to expose her nakedness and shame †.

*

See Jer. iii. 8. Isa. 1. 1.-This also appears to be the case with TRY JURKINA σe I, in this very book of Revelation, ch. ii. 20–23 : the term implies, that she is a wife, yet she is said woes, to act the harlot; whilst those who are corrupted by her, are represented as portuaries il aurns, as committing adultery with her.

In my remarks on this chapter, I have not found it necessary to enter into a detail of those numerous particulars, in which this prophecy has been found to quadrate with the apostacy and corruptions of the papal church. The reader will find this abundantly supplied by almost all the Protestant commentators. Joseph Mede very ably led the way, by proving the apostacy of this church, (Mede's Works, p. 623.) and he has been followed by many learned writers, even to our own times; who have with great felicity demonstrated the corraptions of this hierarchy, concording with the symbols of the prophecy.

PART VI.

SECTION IV.

The Judgement of Babylon continued.

1 Καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα εἶδον ἄλλον ἄγγελον καλαβαίνοντα ἐκ τῶ ἐρανό, ἔχονία ἐξα σίαν μεγάλην και ή γῆ ἐφωτίσθη ἐκ τῆς 2 dóžns autě. Kai

ἔκραξεν ἐν ἰσχυρά φωνῇ, λέγων· Επεσεν, ἔπεσε Βαβυλών ἡ μεγάλη, καὶ ἐγένετο κατοικητήριον δαιμό νων, καὶ φυλακὴ παν τὸς πνεύμαῖος ἀκαθάρια, και φυλακὴ πανὸς ὀρνίς ἀκαθάρια και μεμιση 3 μένα. Οτι ἐκ τῶ οἴνα το θυμᾶς τῆς πορνείας αὐτῆς πό πωκε πάλα τὰ ἔθνη· καὶ οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς μεθ' αὐτῆς ἐπόρνευσαν, καὶ οἱ ἔμ ποροι τῆς γῆς ἐκ τῆς δυνάμεως το εξήνες αὐτῆς ἐπλέτησαν. 4 Καὶ ἤχεσα ἄλλην φωνὴν ἐκ τὸ ἐρανό, λέγεσαν Ἐξέλθετε ἐξ αὐτῆς, ὁ λαός

CHAPTER XVIII.

1 And after these things, I saw another angel coming down from

heaven, having great power and the earth was enlightened by his 2 glory. And he cried

with a mighty voice, saying; She is fal"len! the great Ba66 bylon is fallen! and "is become an habi"tation of demons, "and a station of

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every unclean and
"abominated bird;
3"Because all the na-
"tions have drunken
"of the wine of the

rage
"tions; and the kings
"of the earth have
"committed fornica-
"tion with her; and
"the merchants of the
"earth have become
"rich from the abun-
"dance of her inso-

of her fornica

4 "lent luxury." And

1 And after these things I saw another angel come down from hea

ven, having great power: and the earth was lightened with his 2 glory. And he cried

mightily with a strong voice, saying, Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the habitation of devils, and the hold of every foul spirit, and a cage of every unclean and hateful bird, 3 For all nations have

drunk of the wine of the wrath of her fornication, and the kings of the earth have committed fornication with her, and the merchants of the earth are waxed rich through the abundance of her de4 licacies. And I heard another voice from heaven, saying, Come out of her, my people, that ye be not par

με, ἵνα μὴ συγκοι νωνήσητε ταῖς ἁμαρ τίαις αὐτῆς, καὶ ἐκ των πληγών αὐτῆς, ἵνα μὴ λά5 βητε Ὅτι ἐκολλής

θησαν αὐτῆς αἱ 2μαρτίαι ἄχρι το ἀρανα, καὶ ἐμνημό γευσεν ὁ Θεὸς τὰ ἀδικήματα αὐτῆς.

5 ̓Απόδοτε αὐτῇ, ὡς καὶ αὐτὴ ἀπέδωκεν, καὶ διπλώσατε αὐτῇ διπλᾶ καλὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῆς· ἐν τῷ ποληρίῳ, ᾧ ἐκέρασε, και ράσατε αὐτῇ δι 7 πλῶν. "Οσα ἐδόξα σιν ἑαυτὴν καὶ έκρη νίασε, τοσᾶτον δότε αὐτῇ βασανισμόν καὶ πένθῶ ὅτι ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτῆς λέγει Κάθημαι βα σίλισσα, καὶ χήρα ἐκ εἰμὶ, καὶ πένθο 8 8 μή ίδιο Δια τῦτο ἐν μιᾷ ἡμέρα ἥξεσιν αἱ πληγαί αὐτῆς, θάνατο, καὶ πένθεν καὶ λιμός καὶ ἐν πυρὶ κατακαυθήσεται ὅτι ἰσχυρὸς ΚύριΘ. ὁ Θεὸς ὁ κρίνας αὐτήν. 9 Καὶ κλαύσονται και κόψονται ἐπ ̓ αὐτῇ οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς,

I heard another voice from heaven, saying;

« Come out of her, my

takers of her sins, and that ye receive not of her plagues:

people, that ye benot | 5 For her sins have

"partakers of her sins, "and that ye receive

« not of her plagues : 5" For, her sins have

6

up unto

"reached
"heaven, and God
"hath remembered

“ her iniquities. Ren"der unto her even as "she herself has ren"dered, and repay her "two-fold, according "to her works; in "the cup in which she "hath mingled, mingle

"unto her two-fold. 7 “ So much as she hath

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"glorified herself, and “ wantoned in luxury, | 8

so much give unto "her torment and sor"row; because in her "heart she saith, I "seated as a queen, "and am not a widow, "and sorrow I shall

am

8 “ never see. There"fore in one day shall "her plagues come, σε death and sorrow "and famine; and "with fire shall she "be utterly burned; "for mighty is the "Lord God who hath

oi μer' airñs wog-9 "judged her. And the

νεύσανες και τρηνιά

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reached unto heaven,

and God hath remem

bered her iniquities. 6 Reward her even as she rewarded you, and double unto her double, according to her works: in the cup which she hath filled, fill to her double. How much she hath glorified herself, and lived deliciously, se much torment and sorrow give her: for she saith in her heart, I sit a queen, and am no widow, and shall see no sorrow. Therefore shall her plagues come in one day, death, and mourning, and famine; and she shall be utterly burnt with fire: for strong is the Lord God who jud9 geth her. And the kings of the earth, who have committed fornication, and lived deliciously with her, shall bewail her, and lament for her, when they shall see the smoke of her burning, 10 Standing afar off for

the fear of her tor

σαντες, ὅταν βλέ πωσι τὸν καπνὸν τῆς πυρώσεως αὐ 10 της, ̓Απὸ μακρόθεν ἐςηκότες, διά τὸν φόβον το βα σανισμός αὐτῆς, λέγονίες Οὐκὶ, ἐπὶ, wóris ʼn perán Βαβυλών, ἡ πόλις ἡ ἰσχυρὰ, ὅτι μιᾷ ὥρα ἦλθεν ἡ κρίσις 11 σε. Καὶ οἱ ἔμποξοὶ τῆς γῆς κλαί κσι καὶ πενθῶσιν ἐπ ̓ αὐτῇ, ὅτι τὸν νόμον αὐτῶν ἐδεὶς ἀποςάζει

12 ἐκ ἔτι· Γόμον χρυ ન્યું, yÇÄ, છે

λίθω τιμία, και μας γαρίτα, καὶ βύσα o, i woffigas, και σηρικό, και κοκκίνη· καὶ πᾶν ξύλον Svivor, was oneὃς ἐλεφάντινον, κα πᾶν σκεῦ Ὁ ἐκ ξύλα τιμιωάτε, καὶ χαλκα, και σιδήρα, κα 13 μαρμάρι. Καὶ κι νάμενον, καὶ ἄμωμος και θυμιάμαλα, κα μύρον, καὶ λίβανον, καὶ οἶνον, καὶ ἔλαιον, καὶ σεμίδαλιν, καὶ Citov, xỳ xτúv, x πρόβαλα καὶ ἵππων, καὶ ῥεδῶν, καὶ σωμά. των καὶ ψυχὰς εν

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thy judgement come. 11 And the merchants "of the earth weep "and lament over her, "because no one buy"eth their merchan

"dize any more; Mer12" chandize of gold, and

"silver, and precious "stone, and pearl, and "fine linen, and pur"ple, and silk, and "scarlet,and all kind of "sweet-scented wood, "and all furniture of "ivory, and all furni"ture of the most

precious wood, and "of brass, and of "steel, and of marble; 13" And cinnamon, and "amomum, and 0"dours of incense, "and aromatics, and "frankincense, and "wine, and oil, and

ment, saying, Alas, alas, that great city Babylon, that mighty city! for in one hour is thy judgement come. 11 And the merchants of the earth shall weep and mourn over her, for no man buyeth her merchandize any

12 more: The merchandize of gold, and silver, and precious stones, and of pearls, and of fine linen, and purple, and silk, and scarlet, and all thyine wood, and all manner vessels of ivory, and all manner vessels of most precious wood, and of brass, and iron, and 13 marble; And cinnamon, and odours, and ointments, and frankincense, and wine, and oil, and fine flour, and wheat, and beasts, and sheep, and horses, and chariots, and slaves; and souls of men. 14 And the fruits that thy soul lusted after,

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