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during pleafure, with fufpenfion of religious functions,

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Luiza Francifca, for the fame offence. Banishment for three years to Porto.61 22

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Angelica Carvalho, for crimes of fuperftition, and pretending the had held converfation with the foul of a B certain deceafed perfon.-Banishment for three years to Vixen.

noble refolution was taken of aug menting the garrisons with a fufficiente num er of troops, and erecting back teries at fuch places as appeared then neceffary for the protection of the merchants and inhabitants of the if land: had those forts and hafteries continued on the footing then efta. blithed, the fishery would not häves dwindled away in the manner it has done.

Unfortunately for the government, as well as for thofe concerned in the Newfoundland trade, foon after the treaty of Aix la Chapelle, feveral of the forts were difmantled, and most of the troops taken from the other garifons, and fent to the continent of America By this means the traders and inhabitants were left without troops to fup.) port the magiftrates in the execution Margaretta Jofepha, for difrefpect of justice. At this time great numfhewn to the image of a faint-Babers of Irish Roman Catholicks were in nishment for three years to Cafe Ma rine.

Jofepha de Jefus, for crimes of fu perftition.-Banishment for three years to Leiria.

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Amadore Marianna Ignacia De St Miguel, nun of a certain order, for feigning vifions and revelations, for fpreading and writing erroneous doctrines-Deprived of privileges, im prifonment during pleafure in the cells D of the Holy Office, and afterwards for

life in the convent of Calvaria.

Aguimar Nunes, for crimes of Judaifm.Imprisonment and the habit of ignominy for life.

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Account of the land of Newfound land, with the Nature of its Trade, E and the Method of carrying on its Fibery with Reafons for the great Decrease of that valuable Branch of Trade. By Capt. Griffith Williams.

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the island as fervants; but no fooner were the troops fent away, than they became the ever lived Robberies outrageous fet of people

were committed almost every day in one place or othery the magiftrates infulted in the execution of their office,h

and the chief justice murdered; the weft of England people were deterred from going over, many Newfoundland men left the ifland, and the Roman Ca tbolicks came over by hundreds from Ireland: So that when the French took the country, the Irish were above fix times the number of the Weft countrymen and Newfoundlanders la fhort, they were in poffeffion of above three fourths of the fish-rooms and h harbours of the island, into which they received the French with open

Nong the ica more only ; and

TEWFOUNDLAND is inhabited a-arms, and while they remained in

few people know any thing of the interior part. The country,, for feveral miles from the fea, is covered with weods; in which are deer of a pros digious fize, vast quantities of partridges, wolves and foxes. In the lakes and rivers are bever, otter, trout, G wild ducks, and geese, in abundance.

It is furprifing, that no care is taken to improve the Newfoundland fithery. This trade for many years, remitted, in fpecie, near a million fterling, the mother country; but at this time does not rerait one fixth part of that Tum

This trade (both of god and falmon) was never fo extenfive as when the government fhewed a defire of protecting the merchants and inhabi fan, in the year 1745, when that

poffeffion, the merchants and inhabi tants fuffered more from the Irish Ro man Catholics, than they did from the declared enemy.

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The fiheries of Newfoundland were. originally carried on by thips only,

and none allowed to fish but fuch as
cleared in Great Britain: But in time
that trade was more advantageously.
carried on by boats along the thore
in confequence of which, they found
it neceffary to remain in the island
during the winter, in order to build.
boats for the enfuing feafon, and fo
get materials from the woods, for
their fishing rooms, &c.

This branch of the fishery fould be taken particular notice of, and the greatest encouragement thould be giv en to those who reside there in the

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We have now an opportunity of eftablishing that molt valuable branch, of the fit trade and there is nothing wanting but proper encouragement G to make the returns double to what they ever have been.

It is therefore propofed, that a gove nor for the whole island fhould refile at St John's, which fhould be the Capital, as the center of trade; that S John's, Feriland, Carboniere, and Triity harbou s, thould be put on the footing, intended in 1745.

St John's, from 1745 to 1750, was well garrifoned and well fupplied with at manner of stores, and detended by forty pieces of angon.

Every thing for carrying on this immente trade, is the product of Ergland, except beef, pork, and butter, from Ireland; rum, fugar, and melalles, from the West Indies and New Englands bread and flour, from New-York, Phi ladelphia, Bofon, S. Salt and oliveoil, and a mere trifle of wines from Portugal and Spain oil is what the

fithermen Cannot do without to eat with falt ff; & as the oil mult firit be brought to England, the it leaves but the meereft trifle at the custom houfe, yet the double freight, and other expences, make it come 75 per cents dearer than if bought at firft hand, which fhould be prevented.

There is an illicit trade carried on from Jerfey and Guernsey, for French brandy, canvas cordage, and fundry other commodities, which, fhould be prohibited.

Every two boats will require of ftores and neceffaries from England to the amount of to8 7. befides cloathing for the perfons employed in the fifhery; thefe added together Capt Wil liams calculates at 405,662. annually exclufive of the wear and tear of hipping. This calculation is founded on a fuppofition that 2000 boats are em played in the fibery,and 21,040 hands

He is convinced that if this trade was carried on as it ought to be, and i proper fettlements made to the North ward, 40 000 people might be employ ed in it; and confequently, the ex ports and returns, to and from Ezgland would be double

The yearly returns for filth and oil, at the calculation made on this account, will be, for fifh, 1,031,000 and for oil, 92.880.

To this account given by his friend, Capt.Cole adds fome obfervations of bis own, and fays, that the Newfoundland fithery may be made of greater con fequence to this nation, than the mines of Peru and Mexico afe to Spain t that no time feems more proper, than the prefent, for accomplishing this end.

That a fure protection to our fithers med

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the pierces the small twigs of trees and depolits an egg in the hole. The perforation always reaches to the pith, that the infant progeny may find tender food; when they are mature they del cend & make their way into the ground, where they have been difcovered two feet beneath the furface; here they pafs from a maggot to a hexapede, and then come forth and change into

Ay At certain periods of about 14 or 15 years, they appear in fuch num hers that people have given them the name of locuits, but they are the food of fo many animals, and their duration by the order of nature is fo fhort, that they quickly difappear, the very fquirrels grow fat upon them, and the Indians pull off their wings, boil them, and think them good food.

ART. XI. An account of the plague,

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To reconcile the different accounts which different authors of reputation have given of the plague, the Doctor oblerves that this difeafe has different appearances in different countries and even in the fame country, in dif ferent years. But he abferves, that' feveral of thefe authors mention plagues, which kill the fame day, in a few hours, and even inftantly, which he thinks impoffibles He accounts however, for the mistake, by remark ing that all who are feized with the plague conceal it as long as they can for fear of being abandoned, and at laft fall down and die in the freetst their death being thus fudden it has been imagined that they have died as feon as infected, though they died on ly as foon as they were known to be infected, and long after the noxiusef Gluvia mixed with the blood, as there effluvia could not at once produce a fever, much lefs fuch general putrefac tion in the blood and other fluids as tops the circulation and kills the patient.

Dr Mackenzie alfo obferves, that the notion of the plague's feizing perfons but once is a mistake, for that he knew a Greek who fuperintended the hopital at Smyrna that had it twelve times, and at last died of it.

It is the Doctor's opinion, that the plague is communicated by contact; that is from an infected body to a found one by poisonous effluvia that enter by the pores, or are drawn in with the breath and that the air is A no otherwise concerned than as the vehicle. But if this is the cafe it is very difficult to account for the plague's being periodical, and for com tagious difeafes being epidemic. The truth is, that there are predifpofing caufes in the air, without which the B contagion would not be epidemic, nor the plague general, though particular perfons fhould be infected; and these predifpofing caufes will not always generate a plague or contagious dis feafe, without the affiftance of actual infection in particular fubjects. There may be infection without caufes in the air that predispose to receive it there may be fuch caafes in the fair without actual infection; în neither cafe will there be a plague, which res Jults from a concurrence of both, like other epidemic maladies of a contai gious kind, which being lefs malig. D nant ha a less tremendous rame, except when the alignant difpofition of the air is fuch as to generate a plague,or other contagious difeafe, by co-operating with accidental morbid habits, without actual infection from! a particular fubject; which feems to be the cafe fometimes ftill, and muft E have been foutfits wis da ayna

The Doctor days, indeed, that the conftitution of the air contributes to propagate the plague, but he means only the natural, and not a morbil conftitution for, he says, hot air dis lates and renders more subtle and active the poisonous teams, whereas cold air contracts and mortifies them. But the fact is, that contagious di feales are not always propagated e qually when the air is equally hot the conftirution of the air therefore which diffuses.contagion, is specificaity different from heat, though probably concurring with it; many countries that are frequently vifited with a plague, have not a plague every year 3 yet in part of every year the conftitu tion of the air, with refpect to heat and cold, is the fame, and in every year particular perfons are infected with contagious difeafes, which want but a greater degree of malignity to be peftilential; which degree of malig. nity would probably be produced by the fame difpofition in the air that would

be them.general. We have always

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the fmall pox in London, yet the fmalle pox is not always either malignant or epidemic, when the weather is intenfely hot, though it is sometimes fo when the weather is temperate.

The reft of this article contains 11 account of the symptoms, progress, and cure of the plague, which is happily a foreign confideration to the inhabitants of this country.

XII. An account of a remarkable tide at Briftol.

On Saturday the rith of Feb. 1964 when the tide had fcarcely begun to flow, it rose fuddenly almost to high water mark, and fo continued for near half an hour, then sunk three feet perpendicular almõlt inftantaneously s after that it began to flow again, con= tinued to now till one o'clock, and role to its ufual height.

"XIII. Experiments in "electricity, from Mr Bergman of Upsal in Sweden.

This article contains nothing new. XIV. An account of the Jaculatory or footing fish from Batavia; by Dr Seblaffer of Amfterdam.

The Jaculator frequents the fores and fides of the fea and rivers in fearch of food when it fees a fly on the plants that grow in thallow water, it fwims on till it comes within five or fix feet of it, and then ejects but of its mouth, which is tubular, a fingle drop of water, which never tails to trike the By into the fea, where it is feized without trouble.

Mr Hommel, governor of the bofpi tal at Batavia, kept some of these fishe in a large veffel of water, and faw them every day exercise their skill in hooting at a fly which he placed on the end of a fender stick, at the fide of the wefel; they never miffed the marker

This fifh is defcribed by Linnent? with a car, in his account of the King of Sweden's Mufæum, printed in 17545 under the title of Chaetodon.

The fish described in this article was prefented to the fociety, by the author, and is now in the Mufæum.

XV. An account of the Pelib cochineal, by Dr Wolfe of Warsaw.*

The Cochineal of Poland is found only on the Scleranthus perennis of Linnæus ; the infects creep out of their cocufies from the beginning of June to the middle of Augufis the cocuk is a thin white round fkin; the infe&s are of different fizes; fome being thrice as large as others; they are all hairys but fome are of a deep and fome of a brighter red - these differences hovil

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Lover, are thought to depend upon their of a Hercules, with the lion's fkin; and voluntary extenfion and their age: behind the head, a fish, refembling No mouth is to be feen but a deep the Tyre, or dolphin, with three Efurrow at the upper part of the breast; trufcan letters, not ill preferved. On two extreamly dark points seem to be the reverfe are a globule, a dolphin, the eyes, they have two horns of the part of an anchor, and another fish; length of the breast, which are twifted A part of the anchor and fecond fith like a forew, and end in an obtufe time has defaced. The Tyrfa feems to point; they have fix legs, with sharp allude to the most ancient name of the black incurved claws, the two fore Etrufcans, whom the Greek writers belegs are twice the fize of the Lost; it is fore Polybius call Tyjenians. impoffible e to distinguish the sex. They creep about a plant a week or two, often going under ground, but are not: perceived to eat. At lait they make them felves a deep cylindrical hole, the bottom of which they cover with a kind of fine white filk that grows upan their bodies; here they lie down on their backs; the filky hairs that cover their bodies grow very faft, and at length are an inch and an half longs thefe hairs the infect twists all round C -its body, fo that the whole refembles an heap of cotton, and in this heap they lay their eggs, from so to 100, and then die. The eggs are very small of a crimson colour, transparent, and oval,

In about a week, the young infects D Greep out, and in about a fortnight bury themselves in the ground. This article is illuftrated by a cut representing the infect, the cotton, or cocus, and the eggs.

XVI. Obfervations on two ancient Etrufcan coins, never before explained; by Mr Swinton.

These coins Mr Swinton also calls weights, and fays they are uncias, an uncia being the 12th part of an ass. The weight or value appears by, a fingle globule on the reverse.

E

G

On the first is a diademated head of F rude workmanship, and a slip of metal projects from the edge, which fhews it to be caft, an indication of its great antiquity. On the reverse are two letters, T.V. which, with the globule, fhew it to have been a Aipo unci alis of the Tudertes, ur people of Tuder, a name given by Strabo to the ancient city of Italy, now called Todi. There is alfo on the reverfe a rude figure, fuppofed to be intended for the prow of a hip, a fymbol very frequent on fuch coins. The writing that is upan this coin is to be read from the right hand to the left, and Mr Swinton makes no doubt but that this coin was current in Etruria before the people of that country were fubjugated by the Romani

On the other piece there is the head

H

The form of the letters on this me. dal is Etrurian, and they answer the Roman F.A. J. pointing out Fafula in the proper Etruria, a city which tood at the foot of the Apennines, and was the most ancient and confiderable in the country, and formed one of its 12 Lucumonies, or free ftates. This piece is fuppofed to have been coined before the final fubjugation of Etruria by the Romans, about the year of Rome 443, not less than 300 years before the Christian æra.

Mr. Swinton is of opinion, that the custom of adorning fome of the leffer weights with the head of Hercules, was originally Etrufcan, and adopted after. waids by the Romans:

To this article belong two copperplates, one containing five figures, and the other ten; both, however, are numbered XI. to that a reference to Table XI. might be a reference to either. There is not, however, a single reference to any one of the 15 figures in these plates through the whole article. There is one general reference to Tab. XI, and one to Plate

XVII. XVIII. XIX. XX. XXIV. XXV. XXVI. XXXI. XLV. Obfervatons of the echpfe of the fun, April 1, 1764.

The eclipfe, as obferved by Mr Short in the Strand, began at 9h. 4m. 331. by Lord Morton at the fame place gh. 4m, 36 They could not feel the end for clouds. By Dr Bevis, it does not appear where, gh. gnr. 8 f. the end he could not ob eve for clouds. By James Ferguson at Liverpoolz, 8 h. 59 m. of. ended 11h 50m. 45 f. the ky being quite clear. At BromptonPark, one mile from Hyde Park Corner, by Mr Dunn, 9 h. 4 m. 32f. He thought he faw a little dull tremulous vibration obtrude itself on the limb of the fun at gh. 4 m. 29 f, which be came gradually more fenfible till 9h: 4m. 32f. when he was fure the fun's limb was touch'd by the limb of the moon. - The watch by which the obfervation was made, was tf. of time before the fun. The end he could not observe for

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