The Number of them was an hundred feventy four, fome of which having the fame Names, were diftinguifh'd by their Situation, being calla καθύπερθεν, and ὑπέρνεθεν, Upper and Lower. All of them were di vided into Greater and Lefs; the μικροί, or Lefs, were there ', Alim fians, Zofter, Profpalsians, Anagyrafians, Cephale, Prafieis, Lampreis, Phyleis, Myrrhinus Fans, Ashmonians, Acharna, Marathon, Brauron, Rhanus. The reft were Greater, and may not unfitly be thus divided according to their Tribes.

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Befides thefe, there were feveral other Boroughs, of which it is uncertain what Tribes they belong'd to; Such are thefe;

1

Of the Sojourners, and Servants, in Athens.

HE fecond fort of the Inhabitants of Attica were call'd Miroixes,

reign Country, and fettled in Attica, being admitted by the Council of Areopagus, and enter'd in a publick Regifter. They differ'd from the Пe, or Citizens, because they were not free Citizens of Athens, but either came from another City themselves, or were defcended from fuch as did; and from the Evo, or Strangers, because they took up their Lodgings only for a fhort time, whereas the Miroixes had fix'd Habitations, and conftantly refided upon the Place, whither they had tranfplanted themselves.

They were permitted to dwell in the City, and follow their own Bufinefs without difturbance, but could not be intrusted with any publick Office, give their Votes in the Affemblies, or have any Share in the Government; being oblig'd to fit ftill, as Spectators in a Thea tre, without intermedling, or any way concerning themselves with State Affairs, and patiently submit to the Decrees enacted by the Citi zens, and obferve all the Laws and Customs of the Country. And therefore Ariftophanes in Suidas compares them to Chaff, as being an unprofitable and ufclefs Part of the Commonwealth.

Τις γὰρ Μετοίκες άχυρα τ' αςῶν λέγω,

The Sojourners (if I may fpeak my Mind)
Are, as it were, the City's Chaff and Scum,

7.4.

They were not allow'd to Act any Thing, or manage any Business in their own Names, but were oblig'd to choofe out of the Citizens one, to whofe Care and Protection they would commit themfelves, and

• Ariftophanes Scholiafies in Aves,

E 4

whof

whofe Duty it was to defend them from all Violence and Oppreffion. This is intimated in Terence's Eunuchus, where Thais puts her felf into the Hands of Phadria's Family,

CH. Tum autem Phædriæ,

Meo fratri, gaudeo amorem effe omnem in tranquillo, una eft domus,
Thais parri fe commendavit, in clientelam & fidem

Nobis dedit fe

My Brother's good Succefs in his Amour,
Doth glad my Soul, for Thais now's his own,
Since the Protection of her felf fhe leaves
To my old Father's Care and Management.

J. A.

The Perfon to whom they committed themselves, was call'd Пgosάrns, and was allow'd to demand several Services of them, in which if they fail'd, or if they neglected to choose a Patron, an Action was commenc'd against them before the Polemarchus, call'd Axposaoís dixn, whereupon their Goods were confifcated.

In Confideration of the Privileges allow'd them, the Commonwealth requir'd them to perform feveral Duties; for instance, in the Panathenaa, a Festival celebrated in Honour of Minerva; the Men were oblig'd to carry certain Veffels call'd Exúpa, whereby are meant not Spades, as Meurfus and the Tranflator of Harpocration have explain'd this Word, but Navicula, little Ships, which were Signs of their foreign Extraction; which few have hitherto rightly understood. Hence they were term'd σxaq, or σxanópos, by the ancient Writers of Comedy. The Women carry'd upías, Veffels of Water, or σxiádka, Umbrellas, to defend the free Women from the Weather, and are thence nam'd dépos, and oxiadopo. This laft Custom was begun after Xerxes and the Perfians had been driven out of Greece, when the Athenians, becoming infolent with Success, fet a greater Value upon the Freedom of their City, than they had formerly done'.

Befide this, the Men paid an annual Tribute of twelve Drachms, tho' Hefychius mentioneth ten only, and the Women that had no Sons, were liable to be taxed fix; but fuch as had Sons that paid, were excus'd. This Tribute was call'd Mereixier, and was exacted not only of thofe that dwelt in Athens, but of all fuch as fettled themselves in any Town of Attica, as appears from the instance given us by Lyfias & in Oropus, which was an Athenian Town, fituated upon the Confines of Boeotia. About the time of Xerxes's Invafion upon Greece, Themistocles having by his eminent Service rais'd himself to great Power in the Commonwealth, prevail'd fo far upon the Athenians, that they remitted this Exaction, and continu'd the Sojourners in the Enjoyment of their Privileges, without requiring any fuch Acknowledgment from them ". How long they enjoy'd this Immunity, 1 cannot tell, but it is certain they kept it not long, and probably it might be taken from them, and the Act repeal'd, as foon as Themi

A&t. ult. Scen, u,t, fAllani Variæ Hiftoria Lib. VI. c. I. Philonem. Diodor. Sicul.1. XL

& Orat. in

focles