For who can yet believe, though after loss, By me, have lost our hopes. But he who reigns 635 640 Put forth at full, but still his strength concealed; 645 New war, provoked our better part remains Space may produce new worlds; whereof so rife 650 Intended to create, and therein plant A generation whom his choice regard 655 Know repulse. Horace, Ol. III. 17, has virtus repulsæ nescia, valor that knows no repulse. — 633. Emptied. The exaggeration of a braggart and a liar. In Rev. xii. 4, we read of a 'great red dragon' that his tail drew the third part of the stars of heaven.' Hence the belief that a third of the angels fell, as stated in Par. Lost, II. 692; V. 710; VI. 156. — 635. Of heaven. Meaning those to whom he speaks? or the good angels? or both? -636. Different. From what? 640. State, pomp. -642. Tempted our attempt. Keightley claims to have been the first to recognize in Milton's plays upon words imitations of Scripture. Par. Lost, I. 606; V. 869; IX. 11; XII. 78. — 647-8. No less (than we have found out his power?). He and us emphatic ?-650, Space. Why 'space' and not God'? Rife (Ger. reif, ripe), prevalent, frequent. 651. Fame. As Addison remarks, this previous fame beautifully exalts the human race. 654. Equal. Syntax ?-655. Thither. The first definite Our first eruption; thither, or elsewhere; Celestial spirits in bondage, nor the abyss Long under darkness cover. But these thoughts Full counsel must mature. Peace is despaired ; 660 For who can think submission? War, then, war, He spake; and to confirin his words, out-flew 665 There stood a hill not far, whose grisly top 670 Belched fire and rolling smoke; the rest entire Shone with a glossy scurf, undoubted sign That in his womb was hid metallic ore, The work of sulphur. Thither, winged with speed, 675 suggestion of the diabolic plot on which the poem hinges! - 656. Eruption. Etymology and meaning?-658. Abyss, here, and usually in Par. Lost, Chaos. -660. Despaired (of). So Shakes. says, "Despair thy charm." Macbeth, V. VII. So think (of) submission,' next line. — 662. Understood. Secret. So 'understood relations.' Macbeth, III. iv. The kind of war is discussed, Book II.41, 187, etc. The speech closes very grandly. Point out its order of thoughts and its rhetorical merits. - 666. Illumined. "Another true Miltonic picture." Brydges. 668. Clashed, etc. So Roman soldiers applaud with sword smiting shield?-669. Heaven. "Milton forgets that the scene is in Hell." Keightley. No: the defiance is consciously against heaven, whose general direction they know, and whose zenith is the very throne of God. See III. 57, 58.-670. To the burning lake and the hot mainland he adds a volcano. — 672. Entire translates Lat. totum, or omne ? — 673. Womb, interior. So in Shakes. and Virgil. His. See note, l. 254. — 674. Work, etc. Metals were generally supposed to be composed of mercury as a metallic basis and sulphur as a cement. The plentifulness of ores in the form of sulphurets favored this belief? Winged with speed. Make prose of this. 675. Brigade (Fr. brigade, troop; Ital. brigata; Fr. briguée; brigue, contention). Our military terms mostly come from the Fr.; as platoons, companies, battalions, brigades, divisions, corps; two or more of each of these bodies form Of pioneers, with spade and pickaxe armed, 679 From heaven; for even in heaven his looks and thoughts The riches of heaven's pavement, trodden gold, In vision beatific. By him first Men also, and by his suggestion taught, Ransacked the centre, and with impious hands And here let those Who boast in mortal things, and, wondering, tell 685 690 ing one of the next higher. -676. Pioneers (Lat. pes, foot; Fr. pionnier), footsoldiers preceding an army as laborers. Angels are not promoted by compariTrue; but Milton's object at this promote! -677. Camp, army. Plutus, Greek god of riches, blind and heaven by Hercules as being a friend = son with sappers and miners." Lan lor. instant is perhaps to satirize rather than 678. Mammon (Syriac, meaning riches). lame, alone of the gods was despised in of the bad and a corrupter of the good. He dwelt under Spain in regions full of mineral wealth. See Faerie Queene, II. VII; Matt. vi. 24; Luke xvi. 9, 11. 679. Erected. Upright in two senses?-682. Gold. Rev. xxi. 21, “The street of the city was pure gold.' - 683. Aught. . . else anything besides. 684. Vision beatific, 'the scholastic phrase for the joys of heaven.' In verses On Time, 1. 18, Milton literally translates visio beatifica, 'happy' making sight.' - 686. Centre, the earth itself, not the centre of the earth. So repeatedly in Shakes. Impious (Lat. impius, undutiful to a parent), unfilial. 688. Better hid. Aurum irrepertum et sic melius situm cum terra celat, gold undiscovered and so better situated, while the earth hides it. Horace, Od. III. iii, 49, Crew. Used disparagingly? - 690. Admire (Lat. admiror, to wonder). In hell. So in Spenser, "Twas but a little stride that did the house of riches from hell-mouth divide."-692. Bane (A. S. bana, murderer; destruction). - 694. Babel. Babylon, or the Temple of Belus? See Class. Dict. Works, etc., the pyramids! Memphian. See Class. Dict. Learn how their greatest monuments of fame, 695 700 Severing each kind, and scummed the bullion dross. A third as soon had formed within the ground 705 A various mould, and from the boiling cells By strange conveyance filled each hollow nook; To many a row of pipes the sound-board breathes. = = 710 696. Strength of strength? or how their strength? 698-9. Age innumerable. It took 360,000 men nigh 20 years to build one pyramid. 700. Cells that were prepared by them for this purpose.-702. Sluiced, conducted in flumes?-703. Founded, melted (Lat. fundĕre, to pour; Fr. fondre, to melt). — 704. Bullion (Fr. bouillir, to boil), boiling. Keightley makes bullion metallic. Others make it fr. Lat. bulla, a knob, seal, or stamp, and bullion dross, the uncoined ball or mass of gold.' 706. Various, variously wrought? Note the different bands of workmen simultaneously engaged.-709. Sound-board, a long box above the wind-chest, divided by thin partitions into grooves that run from the front to the back, conveying the wind to the different rows of pipes. The great temple is now finished, but is wholly underground! -710. Anon, etc. These gigantic beings lift the shining structure to its place! In 1637 Milton may have witnessed, in a court-masque in London, the following scene: "The earth opened, and there rose up a richly-adorned palace, seeming all of goldsmith's work, with porticos vaulted on pilasters . . . above these ran an architrave, frieze, and cornice a peristylium of two orders, Doric and Ionic." The Stage Condemned, 1698, quoted by Todd. --711. Exhalation. Points of resemblance? - 713. Temple. Prof. Himes well points out the wonderful similarity to the Pantheon. See in our Introduction the extract, from Himes's Study of Were set, and Doric pillars overlaid With golden architrave; nor did there want j 715 Their kings, when Egypt with Assyria strove 720 Stood fixed her stately highth; and straight the doors, Within, her ample spaces, o'er the smooth 725 And level pavement. From the arched roof, Pendent by subtle magic, many a row Of starry lamps and blazing cressets, fed With naphtha and asphaltus, yielded light As from a sky. The hasty multitude 730 Paradise Lost; see also our representation of the Pantheon. Pilasters, square columns usually set in a wall with a fourth or fifth of the diameter projecting. -714. Doric. The Pantheon has Corinthian pillars? Doric are more suitable for a council hall?-715. Architrave, the great beam resting on the pillars. 716. Cornice, the moulded projection above the frieze, which last is just above the architrave. See illustrations of architecture in the books. Bossy, in relief.—717. Fretted (A. S. fraetwian, to adorn; or Ital. fratto, broken, or ferrata, window-grating). 718. Great Alcairo, Memphis.-720. Serapis, a god typifying the Nile and fertility, by some identified with Osiris. See note on 1. 478.723. Her stately highth being fixed? Some explain by saying fixed as to her stately height. See l. 92.724. Folds (= Lat. valva, leaves or folds of a door). Discover, etc. Disclose ample spaces within 725. Within, adverb modified by wide? 727. Pendent row of lamps. -728. Cressets, open vessels, jars, or cages, in which tarred ropes, etc., are burnt for beacon lights; hence such lights themselves; any great lights. Fr. croisette?-729. Naph. tha, a limpid, bituminous, highly inflammable liquid. Asphaltus, native bitumen, compact, brittle, combustible. --730. As from a sky. The Pantheon is lighted from the sky by a round opening 26 feet in diameter in the centre of the roof. -732. Architect. Does Milton identify Mammon with Mulciber? Masson and nearly or quite all the critics but Professor Himes |