Par. 1. was the name of the sacrifice offered in the ancestral temple at mid-winter. -, 'all;' - all the labours of the year had been completed, and the fruits of the earth gathered in. They could therefore be now presented more largely than at the other seasonal sacrifices. This is supposed to be the reason of the name. Chow's 1st month was the 2d month of Hea's winter. The ching sacrifice was now offered, therefore, at the proper time; but a record of it is here entered, the critics think, to show the absurdity of offering the same again in summer, as in par. 3. Par. 2. See I. vii. 6. is the clan-name,= the surname, and is the designation. The rule was, it is said, that great officers of Chow sent on such missions to the States should be mentioned with their designation; but I am not sure of the correctness of such a rule. [Tso-she adds here that 'in the spring there was the extinction of Yih;' i.e. the earl of K'ëuhyuh extinguished Tsin, or thought he had done 80.] Par. 3. The proper sacrifice at this time was the To repeat at this season the winter sacrifice was certainly a strange proceeding. [Tso-she here gives the sequel of the Chuen under VI. 1:-'Shaou-sze became more the favourite in Suy; and Tow Pih-pe of Ts'oo said, "Our enemy presents an opening, which we must not lose." Accordingly, in summer, the viscount of Ts'oo called the princes of the south together at Chin-luh; and as Hwang and Suy did not attend, he sent Wei Chang to reprove Hwang, while he proceeded himself to attack Suy, encamping his army between the Han and the Hwae. Ke Leang begged the marquis of Suy to make offers of submission. "If Ts'oo refuse them," he said, "and we fight afterwards, this will have made our men indignant and the thieves remiss." Shaou-sze, however, said, "We must fight quickly, for, if we do not do so, we shall lose the army of Ts'oo a second time." The marquis took the field; and as he surveyed from_a distance the army of Ts'oo, Ke Leang said, "In Ts'oo they attach greatest importance to the left; the king is sure to be on the left. Don't let us meet him, but let us attack their right. There are no good soldiers there, and they will be beaten. When a part is beaten, the whole will be disorganized.” Shaou-sze said, “If we do not meet the 24 king, we are no soldiers." The marquis would not follow Ke-Leang's advice. The battle was fought in Suh-ke, and the army of Suy was completely Tow Tan capdefeated. The marquis fled. tured his war-chariot, and Shaou-sze who had occupied the place in the right of it. In autumn, Suy and Ts'oo made peace. At first the viscount was unwilling to grant peace, but Tow Pih-pe said, "Heaven has removed from Suy him who was its plague; it is not yet to be subdued." Accordingly the viscount granted a covenant, and withdrew with his army.'] Par. 4. The critics are much divided on the question whether the duke himself commanded in person in this expedition or not. I do not see that it can be determined; and have left the matter in the translation indefinite. Many of the neighbouring small lords had been to Loo since Hwan's accession, but he of Choo had not made his appearance. This invasion was the consequence probably. Par. 5. This was only the 8th month of Hea, and snow was unseasonable. [Tso-she has here:-'In winter, the king ordered Chung of Kwoh to establish Min, younger brother of the marquis Gae, as marquis of Tsin.'] Par. 6. In I. i. 6, we have an earl of Chae. The duke in the text may have been the same, or a son of that earl, here called kung or duke, as being one of the king's three highest ministers;-see the Shoo, V. xx. 5. When the king was taking a wife from one of the States, the rule was that one of these kung should meet her, and one of the princes, of the same surname as the royal House, act as director in the affair. The king himself could not appear in it, in consistency with his supreme position. Every thing in this par., therefore, is, as Tso-she says, 'proper.' The duke of Chae comes from Chow, gets his orders from the duke of Loo, and then goes to Ke to meet the bride, whom Loo could not designate, 'daughter' of Ke, simply, as she was going to be 'queen ()' The poor marquis of Ke had, no doubt, managed to bring the match about, as a forlorn hope against the attempts on him of the lord of Ts'e. Maou observes that as this was the 18th year of king Hwan, it cannot be supposed that he had remained queen-less up to this time, and that the daughter of Ke was being taken by him as a second wife (). Ninth year. 來子使冬 秋夏師。歸紀九 朝。射其曹七四 于季年 姑世伯月。月。 京姜春 也父也冬伐三鄧北衡帥帥讓殺於為三師.左 日享曹曲秋.1 秋師鄧陳師師於道鄧好巴凡傳 曹曹大沃。虢大人其救及鄧朔鄧楚子 仲敗逐 阝 鄧及 及南子使侯 芮之於三師人巴鄙使韓 之 伯人背 逐圍弗行鄾道服 梁巴師巴鄾受。人, 師凡諸侯之女行唯王后書 左傅日九年春紀季姜巋于京 子 有 憂樂之 伯潰。師之師鄧夏楚攻將 非 1克甥1 歎歎。卿 賈 鬭聘鬭蘆之 與書于 所施禮 1 IX. 1 In the [duke's] ninth year, in spring, the lady Këang, fourth daughter of [the marquis of] Ke, went to her 4 In winter, the earl of Ts'aou sent his heir-son, Yih-koo, to our court. Par.1. This is the sequel of the last par. | relief of which the lord of Tăng sent his nephews of last year. Tso-she observes that the historio- Yang and Tan. They made three successful graphers did not enter any intermarriages of attacks on the troops of Pa, and Ts'oo and other States, excepting where they were with the Pa were likely to fail. Tow Leen then threw royal House. is the 4th in order of birth, his force right in between the troops of Pa, engaged the enemy, and took to flight. The men and appears here as the designation of the lady, of Tang pursued them, till their backs were so that the translation might have been simply towards the troops of Pa, and they were at−‘Ke Këang of Ke’歸,−see Li.6. Ihave | tacked on both sides. The army of Tăng rehere rendered it 'to her palace,' as Ke Këang ceived a great defeat, and during the night the men of Yew dispersed.' was a royal bride. On 京師 Kung-yang says, 'The phrase denotes the dwelling of the son of Heaven. 京 means “great;” and 師 means “all.” Where the son of Heaven dwells must be described by such terms.' Parr. 2, 3. See on I.vi. 3. [The Chuen adds:-'The viscount of Pa sent Han Fuh with an announcement to Ts'oo, asking Ts'oo's services to bring about good relations between it and Trăng. The viscount of Ts'oo then sent Taou-soh, along with the visitor from Pa, to present a friendly message to Tăng, but the men of Yëw, on the southern borders of T'ăng, attacked them, carried off the presents they were bearing, and slew them both. Ts'oo sent Wei Chang to complain to the lord of Tăng of the matter, but he would not acknowledge that he had any hand in it. ‘In summer, Ts'oo sent Tow Lëen with a force and a force of Pa to lay siege to Yëw, to the Par. 4. The earl of Ts'aou himself was ill, and therefore sent his son to visit the marquis of Loo in his stead. Tso-she says:-'The son of the earl of Ts'aou was received, as was proper, with the honours due to a minister of the highest rank. At the ceremonial reception which was given to him, when the first cup was presented, as the music struck up, he sighed. She-foo said, "The prince of Ts'aou will soon be sad indeed. This is not the place for sighing."' The critics are much divided in their views of this visit, and labour hard to find the sage's work of 'condemnation' in it. Tenth year. 伯午,冬桃秋公。夏卒。庚十五 侯有 弗會 月 曹春 伯王 終正 生月, 夫曹 虢詹林 1 稱師次子也。 虞日賈無獻 出詹 In the [duke's] tenth year, in spring, in the king's first month, on Kăng-shin, Chung-sáng, earl of Ts'aou, died. 2 In summer, in the fifth month, there was the burial of duke Hwan of Ts'aou. 3 In autumn, the duke [went to] have a meeting with the marquis of Wei in T'aou-k'ew, but did not meet with him. 4 In winter, in the twelfth month, on Ping-woo, the marquis of Ts'e, the marquis of Wei, and the earl of Ching came and fought [with us] at Lang. Par. 1. Parr. 1,2. See the Chuen on last Par. 3. T'aou-k'ew was in Wei;-50 le to par. of last year. A great mystery is found in the reappearance of 干;‘in the 10th year, the completion of numbers.' Tso blends the two parr. together, saying that 'in the spring duke Hwan of Ts'aou died.' [Tso-she adds here:The brother of the duke of Kwoh slandered his great officer Chen Foo to the king. Chen Foo was able to rebut the slander, and with an army from the king attacked Kwoh. In summer, the duke of Kwoh fled to Yu.'] the west of the present diat. city of Tung-o (東 阿), in dept. Tung-chang. The meeting had been agreed upon, and the duke was anxious to detach Wei from the party of Ch'ing, which was threatening Loo;-see next par. The marquis of Wei, however, changed his mind, and determined to go with the other side. [Tso-she adds:-'In autumn, Ts'in restored Wan, earl of Juy, to Juy.' See the Chuen at the end of the 4th year. The 3d brother of the duke of Yu had a valuable piece of jade, which the duke asked of him. He refused it, but afterwards repented, saying, "There is the proverb in Chow, A man may have no crime;-that he keeps his peih is his crime.' This jade is of no use to me;-shall I buy my hurt with it?" He then presented it to the duke, who went on to ask a precious sword which he had. The young brother then said to himself, "This man is insatiable; his greed will reach to my person." He therefore attacked the duke, who was obliged to flee to Kung-ch'e.'] Par. 4. Lang,-see I. ix. 4. Tso-she says:‘In winter, Tse, Wei, and Ching came to fight with us in Lang; but we could explain what they complained of. Formerly when the northern 冬 | Jung were distressing Ts'e, many of the princes sent to its relief, and Hwuh, son of the earl of Ching, acquired merit. When the people of Ts'e were sending cattle round to the different troops, the officers of Loo were employed to arrange the order of distribution. They did so according to the rules of precedence at the court of Chow, and sent last to Ching. The men of Ch'ing were angry, and the earl requested the help of a force from Ts'e, which granted it and got troops from Wei besides. In these circumstances the text does not speak of their attacking Loo covertly or openly, but that they came and fought. It also puts Ts'e and Wei before Ch'ing, though Chting was the prime mover of the expedition, in the order of their rank as fixed by the king.' The battle was, we may suppose, bloodless. Eleventh year. 柔障突九秋夏鄭十 十會會忽歸月七五人有 有宋宋出于宋月,月盟 公公奔鄭人葬癸于年 陳衞。 執 鄭 未惡春 鄭 鄭曹正 夫1 鍾。蔡 公。1 年春正月齊人衛人 左傳日十一年春 + 敗卜濟所在於必有鄖邑,也不鬭州人鄭 鄖以焉。聞衆王離。鬭有我君誡廉軍楚 師决莫也商對莫志虞以次且日伐於屈 於疑敖成周日敖若心銳於日鄖楚蒲瑕 蒲不日軍之師日敗而師郊虞人師騷將惡 騷 疑卜以不克盍鄖恃郢四軍莫將盟曹年, 卒何之。出敵,在請師,其加以邑其敖與貳 盟卜對又君和濟四城於禦之郊患隨軫, 而遂日何之不師邑莫鄖四至必之絞鄖 厲九 立。丁 秋九月丁亥昭公奔己 亥,秋之。與亦 與未人盟以厲公而立 盟公之於 雍之。娶於公 不忘 之妻 莊生雍 立公厲 焉.突, 而祭將誘雍 莊公莊公使 仲死祭氏鄭故為仲 也大日齊 X1. 1 In the [duke's] eleventh year, in spring, in the first month, 2 3 4 an officer of Ts'e, an officer of Wei, and an officer of Ch'ing made a covenant in Goh-ts'aou. In summer, in the fifth month, on [the day] Kwei-we, Woosăng, earl of Ch'ing, died. In autumn, in the seventh month, there was the burial of duke Chwang of Ch'ing. In the ninth month, the people of Sung seized Chae Chung of Ching. 5 Tuh returned to Ch'ing. 6 Hwuh of Ch'ing fled to Wei. 7 Yew had a meeting with the duke of Sung, the marquis of Ch'in, and the third brother of [the marquis of] Ts'ae, 8 9 in Cheh. The duke had a meeting with the duke of Sung in Foochung. In winter, in the twelfth month, the duke had a meeting with the duke of Sung in K'an. Par. 1. The position of Goh-ts'aou is not known. This meeting was, no doubt, a sequel, in some way, to the expedition of the three | princes, the previous month, against Loo. Tso-| she says that Ts'e, Wei, Ch'ing and Sung all united in the covenant, and Too thinks therefore that is wanting in the text. But the mention of Sung is supposed by many, and I think correctly, to be an error of Tso. But who were the covenanting parties? Sun Keoh() early in Sung dyn.), Hoo Gan-kwoh, the K'anghe editors, and many other critics, contend that they were the princes of the three States, who are called-in condemnation. But why were they not called in the par. immediately before? It is better to understand A here, as in many other places, of officers appointed by the princes to act for them. [Tso-she appends here:Këuh Hëa of Tsoo was about to make a covenant with Urh and Chin, when the people of Yun took post with their army at Poo-saou, intending, with Suy, Këaou, Chow, and Leaou, to attack the army of Ts'00. The Moh-gaou [this was the name of an office in Ts'oo. The party intended is Këuh Hëa] was troubled about it; but Tow Leen said, 'The people of Yun, having their army in their suburbs, are sure to be off their guard; and they are daily anxious for the arrival of the forces of the other four States. Do you, Sir, take up a position at Keaou-ying to withstand the advance of those forces, and I will make an attack upon Yun at night with a nimble, ardent troop. The men of Yun are anxiously looking out, and relying mind to fight. If we defeat the army of Yun, on the proximity of their city, so that they have no the other four cities will abandon their alliance with it." Keuh Hea replied, “Why not ask the help of more troops from the king [i. e., the vis count of Tsoo]?" The other said, “ An army conquers by its harmony, and not by its numbers You have heard how unequally Shang and Chow were matched. We have come forth with a complete army;-what more do we want?" The Moh-gaou said, " Let us divine about it.”“We divine," returned the other, "to determine in cases of doubt. Where we have no doubts, why 66 |
