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bid. and; story of the cross seen by
him in the air, ibid. and attended with
several difficulties, and hypotheses
about it, 253 and a; his colleague Lici-
nius persecutes the Christians, ibid. and
b; but is defeated and strangled, 254;
his efforts against Paganism, and zeal
for Christianity, ibid. dies, and is suc-
ceeded by his three sons, who massacre
all their relations but two, ibid. 255 and
r; models ecclesiastical government
according to the civil, 270; divides it
into external and internal, 271; how he
and his successors frequently called
councils, &c. ibid. raised in the Bishop
of Byzantium a rival to Rome, 274;
presides at and determines an ecclesias-
tical cause against the Donatists, 310.
Constantine II. what dominions were allot-
ted to him, i. 255; engages in a war with
his brother Constans, and is slain.

Capronymus, his zeal against
image worship, i. 501, 519; calls a
council, which condemns this practice
of superstition, ibid. the validity of this
council denied by the Roman Catholics,
ibid. u; the monks, who opposed the
decree of this council, chastised by him,
ibid.

Porphyrogeneta, his zeal for
reviving learning among the Greeks in
cent. ii. 87; encourages literature by
his example and munificence, ib. and e;
his laudable design how frustrated, ibid.
calls an assembly of the clergy, in which
fourth marriages are prohibited, 112.
Constantinople, the first council at, as-
sembled by Theodosius the Younger, i.
326; which condemns the Macedonian
Heresy, and confirms and improves the
doctrine of the Nicene council relative
to the Trinity, ibid. another summoned
by Justinian, i. 427; the three chapters
condemned here, its authority admitted
by the pontiffs of Rome, but rejected by
the African Bishops, 428; decree passed
at it respecting the suffering of one
upon the cross, ibid. the third council
at, called here by Constantine Capro-
nymus, condemns the practice of image
worship, but its decision is found insuf-
ficient to stop the progress of this super-
stition, 519; the city taken in xv cent.
and the great decline of Christianity in
the East, ii. 509.

Constantinople, Patriarch of, his jurisdic-
tion in iv cent. i. 271; is placed next to
the Bishop of Rome, and consequences
of this promotion, ibid. 275; contends
with the Pope for supremacy in v cent.
346; his power augmented by Leo in
vii cent. 502; disputes about pre-emi-
nence in ix cent. ii. 57; by whom elect-
ed in modern times, iii. 183; confirmed
in his office by the Emperor of the
Turks, ibid. his extensive power and
revenues, whence, 183, 184 and 8, t.

Constantius, declared sole Emperor on the
death of his brothers, i. 255; his death
and successor, ibid.

Chlorus, his mild government
in Gaul, i. 247; Christians in the West
enjoy peace under him, 248; is succeed-
ed upon his death, by Constantine the
Great, his son, ibid.

Consubstantiation, when introduced in-
stead of Transubstantiation, and by
whom, ii. 415.

Controversial writers,employed in explain-
ing the terms of salvation and accept-
ance in i cent. i. 103; their merit and
demerit in ii cent. 154; called Econo-
mical, and whence, 221; suppositious
and spurious writings frequent among
them, ibid. scurrility and dialectic much
used by them in iv. cent. 286; and the
chief at this time, 287; very considera-
ble in v cent. 361; the rules of the an-
cient Sophists esteemed by them as the
best method of confuting error, 362;
their works destitute of probity, mode-
ration, and prudence, in vi cent. 424;
how far they may be considered as
worthy of an attentive perusal in vii
cent. 462; few engaged in essential
points of religion in viii cent. but confi-
ned to the disputes about image wor-
ship, 515, 516; prevented in ix cent. by
intestine divisions from opposing the
common enemies of their faith, ii. 43;
scholastic method of disputing introdu-
ced among them in xi cent. 202; and
flourishes in xii cent. 297; more nume-
rous than respectable in xiii cent. 412;
few worthy of notice in xiv cent. 493;
many eminent among them in xv cent.
559.

Controversies, private, in xvi cent. iv. 55,
56; and x.

Controversy, concerning the Millennium,
i. 222; the baptism of Heretics, 223;
Meletian, 295; Ærian, 297; between
Jerome and Vigilantius, 366, 367; con-
cerning the three chapters,wha,tand how
terminated, 425,426; relative to image
worship, with its origin and progress in
viii cent. 516, 521; about the deriva-
tion of the Holy Ghost, 521, ii. 48; con-
cerning images, among the Greeks, 44;
and among the Latins in ix cent. 46;
the Eucharist, began by Pascasius Rad-
bert, 49; and predestination and grace,
52; the words Trina Deitas, 55; the
birth of Christ, ibid. universal ideas be-
gun in x cent. 90; the Eucharist, and
predestination, and grace, subsides, and
the reason, 106; fourth marriages, with
the divisions occasioned by it in the
Greek churches, but terminated by Con-
stantine Porphyrogeneta, 111, 112;
about the use of unleavened bread in
xi cent. 204; relative to Martial, Bishop
of Limoges, if worthy of an apostleship,
214; to the God of Mahomet, 300; to

the immaculate conception of the Vir-
gin Mary, 302 and h; concerning the
worship of Christ's blood, 561; the
presence of Christ's body and blood,
in the sacrament, between the Reform-
ers in xvi cent. iii. 49,50; the use of
reason in religion, in xvii cent. iv. 120;
and reducible to two questions, ibid. by
whom this was opposed, and how miti-
gated, ibid.

Controversy, adiaphoristic, or about mat-
ters indifferent, between Melancthon,
and Flacius xvi cent. iii. 240 and s;
the two questions discussed gave rise
to the dispute about the necessity of
good works, 241 and notes.

synergistical, iii. 242 and a;
principal champions in it, 243.
Conventual, brethren, who, ii. 483.
Conversions, in iv cent. the causes of, con-
sidered, i. 264; in v cent. to what
owing, i. 337; in ix cent. the nature
of, the views, ii. 6; traces of idolatry
among the converted, accounted for,
ibid.

Conversion of Jews, and Moors in Spain, in
xv cent. by force, ii. 507.
Copiate, their office in the church, i. 211
and t, in fine.

Copts, in Africa, their aversion to the

church of Rome, in xvii cent. iii. 560.
Corbinian, a zealous missionary among the
Germans, in vii cent i. 480.
Cordt, Christian Bartholomew de, a pa-
tron of Bourignon's doctrine, and ac-
count of, iv. 180.

Cornelius, Anthony, one of the founders

of the collegiants, an account of, iv.
174.

Corrupticola, who, i. 436: their opinions,
concerning Christ's body, 437.
Cortesius, Paulus, his Commentary on
Proverbs, ii. 558.

Cosmus, bishop of Jerusalem, his charac-
ter, i. 506

Council, general, one very much desired,

in xvi cent. iii. 77; why retarded by
Pope Clement VII. ibid. and i; who
eludes his promise, and dies, ibid. and
k; his successor, Paul, III. inclined to
call one, proposes to assemble it at
Mantua, and why protested against by
the Protestants, who draw up the arti-
cles of Smalcald, 78 and 1, m.
Councils, if any in i cent. t. 92; whether

that of Jerusalem was one, ibid. and m;
their origin among the Greeks, i 146;
soon become universal, ibid. increase
the power of the bishops, ibid.

œcumenical, when first esta-
blished, i. 269; what so called, ibid.
their power diminished by Alexander
III. Pope, ii. 270.
Coarayer, Dr. remarkable anecdote con-
cerning him, and good character, iv.

220.

Cranmer, archbishop of Canterbury, un
account of, iii. 319.

Crautwauld, Valentine, assists Scwenfeldt,
against Luther, ii. 233.
Crellius, minister at the Saxon court, pro-
tects the Crypto-Calvinists, in xvi cent.
iii. 258; suffers death, 259 and m.

Samuel, professor of Theology,
among the Socinians, differs from Soci-
nus, and whence called the Artemonite,
iv. 173 u; dies at Amsterdam, iv. 210.
Crescens, his virulent efforts against Chris-
tianity, and particularly against Justin
Martyr, i. 135.

Cromwell, state of the church under him,
in xvii cent. iv. 105; attached to no
particular sect, 106; favours the inde-
pendents in order to balance the Pres-
byterians, ibid. and t; tolerates all
sects but episcopalians, ibid. resolves at
first to suppress the Quakers, but after-
ward is obliged to desist, 149.

Cross, if one of the Trinity can be said to

have suffered on it, debated, i. 428;
how made a proof of innocence in ix
cent. ji. 24 and i.

Crown and rosary of the Virgin, an insti-
tution in x cent. ii. 114; and what,

ibid.

Crump, Henry, attacks the mendicants in
xiv cent. ii. 467.

Crusades, holy wars. See War, holy, ii.
82, &c.

Cuiper, Francis, opposes Bredenberg's
sentiments in favour of Spinoza's doc-
trine, and controversy thereupon, iv.
176; his writings, and an account of,
ibid. sub not. s.

Cusa, Nicholas de, his works, iii. 430 and
q; labours to reform the schoolmen in
XV cent. 441.

Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, opposes the
readmission of the lapsed in the perse-
cution under Decius, and gains his
point, i. 198; suffers martyrdom under
Valerian, 199; a character of his works,
213; opposes the imperious measures of
Stephen Bishop of Rome, 224.
Cyriac, of Ancona, introduces a taste for
coins in xv cent. ii. 513.

Cyril, Bishop of Jerusalem, his character
and works, i. 277; admired for his cate-
chetical discourses, 285.

Bishop of Alexandria, his charac
ter, i. 354 g; Commentaries on the
Scriptures, 359 and d; anathematizes
Nestorius twelve times, 378; presides
at the council of Ephesus, 379; con-
demns Nestorius, ibid. how blamable
in the Nestorian controversy, 380 and
p; anathematized at Ephesus by John
of Antioch, 381.

Patriarch of Constantinople, his cha-
racter, iii. 553; favourable to Rome in
xvii cent. ibid. and f; is put to death,
554

D.

Damascenus, John, his concise and com-
prehensive view of Aristotle's doctrines,
i. 486; is followed by many in the study
of this philosophy, 487; his character,
506; Commentary on St. Paul's Epis-
tles, 509; systematic works, 514; pole-
mic writings, 515.

Damianists, a sect in vi cent. i. 438; their
founder Damian, Bishop of Alexandria,
ibid. doctrine of the Trinity, ibid.
Damien, Petrus, his character, ii. 201;
moral, 104; and controversial works,
202.

Damyla, Nilus, a zealous advocate for the
Greeks against the Latins in xiv cent.

ii. 488.

Dancers, a sect in xiv cent. ii. 504 and k.
Danhaver, John Conrad, opposes Rhein-
both in his opinions in xvii cent. iv. 56.
Daniel, Gabriel, defends the Jesuits, iii.
170 z.

Dante, his character, zeal, and success in
restoring the purity of the genuine elo-
quence of the Latins in xiv. cent. ii. 449.
Dantsic, small Socinian sect founded at,
in xvi cent. iii. 373.

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Dantzigers, or Prussians, a sect of the re-
formed Anabaptists, and why so called,
iv. 163 and h.

Darensis, Johannes, his explications of the
pretended Dionysius, i. 515.
David, Francis, propagates Socinianism in
Transylvania, iii. 371; adopts the doc-
trine of Budnæus about Christ, 380; his
imprisonment and death, ibid. and u.
Davidists, David Georgians, a ridiculous
sect in xvi cent. iii. 350; impiety of the
founder, why exaggerated, 351; some
remains of them in Holstein, Friesland,
and other countries, ibid.

Deaconesses, in the primitive church, their
office described, i. 90.

Deacons, of the church at Jerusalem, their
office described, i. 89; if the young men
who carried out Ananias and Sapphira,
belonged to this order, 90 h.
Decius, the dreadful persecution under
him, and consequences, i. 197.
Decretals, forged, procured by the Pontiffs
to establish their supremacy in ix cent."
ii. 24 and za; a collection of them made
in xiii cent. by Raymond of Pennafort,
ii. 346 and i.
Deists, promote their principles with im-
punity under Cromwell in xvii cent. and
their chiefs, iv. 106; account of them
in xviii cent. their notions, and principal
writers, iv. 188; essential religion, its
author and refutation, ibid. and d.
Deities, Heathen, who admitted to this
honour, i. 33 and m.

Delft, assembly of the Dutch clergy held
at, by which every candidate for orders
is obliged to declare his abhorrence of
Cartesianism, iv. 116.

Demiurge, of the Eastern philosophers
who, and his character, i. 81.
Denmark, converted to Christianity in ix
cent. ii. 3; and confirmed in it in x cent.
78; the rise and progress of the Refor-
mation in xvi cent. iii. 62, 64.

Derusi, or Drusi, an account of, in xii.
cent. ii. 333 z.

Des Cartes. See Cartes, iii. 431, &c.
Desiderius, Bishop of Cahors, his epistles,
i. 456.

D'Espence, an eminent expositorin xv
cent. iii. 160.

Devay, Matthias, with others, introduces
the doctrine of the Swiss churches into
Hungary and Transylvania, iii. 298.
Deurhoff, William, accused of a propensity
to Spinozism, his notions and works, iv.
208.

Desius, his absurd attempt to prove no
difference between the council of Trent
and the confession of Augsburg, iii. 470
and w.

Diadochus, a moral writer in v cent. hi-
works, i. 363.

Didymus attacks the whole body of Here-
tics in iv cent. i. 288.

Dinant, David of, a great admirer and dis-
ciple of Almaric, his fundamental prin-
ciple, ii. 435.

Dioceses, their origin, i. 92.
Diocletian, persecution under, how pro-
cured, i. 246; the causes and horrid se-
verity, 247 and f; brings the affairs of
the Christians to a dangerous crisis, 248.
Diodorus, Bishop of Tarsus, an account of,
i. 278; his interpretation of the Scrip-
tures, 284.

Dion Cassius, an eminent rhetorician in
iii. cent. i. 204; combats barbarism, ibid.
Dionysius, Bishop of Alexandria, the
Great, so called from his great erudition
and moderation, i. 213 and a; his moral
writings, 220.

the Areopagite, a Greek fanatic
under that name in iv cent. i. 289; the
success of his gloomy notions, ibid.
and n.

pretended Areopagite, his works,
i. 423; panegyrics on him, ii. 42; his
writings translated by the order of Lew-
is the meek, ibid. and u, w; life by
Hilduin, 43.

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his fanaticism and insolence, iv. 49:

character of him and his writings, ibid.
and q.

Disciples, LXX. their authority and office,
accounts of, uncertain, i. 85; their com-
mission extended only to the Jews, ibid.
Discords, between Greeks and Latins,
seeds sown in vii cent. i. 462.

Divines, Belgic, declare war against the
form of concord, iii. 355; adopt the
sentiments of Voet, and assist him in
his controversy with Des Cartes in xvii
cent. iv. 116.

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Saxon, adopt in appearance the
opinion of Augustus, Elector of Saxony,
and his followers in xvi cent. iii. 251,
252 and w; but endeavour to abolish it,
ibid. convened at Torgaw; some im-
prisoned and banished, ibid. and x;
attack Calixtus, iv. 34; their malicious
conduct after his decease, 33; draw up
a new creed, ibid.
Divinity, systematic, none to be met with.
in ii cent. i. 152.

Doctors, Christian, a famous division of,
into two classes in xii cent. ii. 292;
their manner of expounding Scripture,
293; oppositions from both sides, with
the effects, 293, 294.

Lutheran, corrupted by the stra-
tagem of the Jesuits, iii. 227; never at-
tempted to give a regular system of mo-
rality, ibid. favourite maxim among
them, iv. 22 and w.

Swiss, write against the form of
concord, iii. 263; aim to reduce all
churches under one form of ecclesias-
tical government, 255; are far from
adopting the doctrine of Predestination,
270; endeavour to reconcile the Puri-
tans and Church of England, 318.
Doctrine, secret, among the ancient Chris-
tians, in what it consisted, i. 101.

-fathers, of the Christian, in
France and Italy, founded in xvi cent.
by Cæsar de Bus, iii. 150.
Dodwell, Henry, his works in defence of
the Non-juring Bishops, an account of
iv. 112, 113 and 1.

Dolet, a supposed infidel in xvi cent. iii.

119.

Dominic, his zeal in extirpating error, and
destroying Heretics, ii. 370; founds an
order of Monks, 371; dies at Bologna, ib.
Dominicans, an order of Monks founded
in xiii cent, ii, 370; the vow of absolute

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poverty is imposed on them by their
founder, 371; some sent into England,
found Monasteries, and are known there
by the name of Black-Friars, 372; call-
ed Jacobins in France, with other ap-
pellations, 371 r; esteemed by the
Popes, with the eminent services done
to the latter, 373; dispute between them
and the university of Paris, 374; its
decision in their favour by the Pope, 375
and b; warmly opposed by St. Amour,
ibid. erect their first court of inquisition
at Thoulouse, 424; deny that Dominic
founded this Tribunal, 423 sub not. g;
model it after the Tribunal of Penance,
424; deprived of their ancient honours,
and how long, 495 and n; the cruel and
impious fraud practised by them at Ber-
ne, in xvi cent. iii. 18 and k; discovery
and fate of the actors, sub fin. not. great-
ly instrumental in obtaining the con-
demnation of Luther, 20; their doctrine
of the sacraments, what, 171 b.
Domitian, persecutes the Christians, and
why, i. 67, the martyrs, who 71.
Donatists, rise of the controversy with, i.
308; whence so called, 310 and e; their
dispute with Cæcilianus, 309; their ap-
peal to Constantine against him, 310;
the cause determined against them in
two councils, ibid. their invectives
against Constantine, who determines in
favour of Cæcilianus, and the conse-
quences, 310, 311; their state under
Julian and Gratian, 313; the two cau-
ses of their decline, ibid. the principal
crime they are charged with, ibid. their
defeat in the reign of Honorius, i. 372;
and suppression, 432.
Dorotheus, Abbot of Palestine, his ascetic

dissertations, i. 456; moral works, 460.
Dort, synod of, in which the doctrine of
Arminius is condemned, iv. 78; its de-
cisions treated with contempt in Eng-
land, 80; and neglected among the re-
formed in France, ibid. disliked by
King James I. and the English clergy,
92, 93.

Dositheus, a Samaritan impostor, impro-
perly called an Heretic, i. 116 and u.
Doxopatrius, eminent for his knowledge
in ecclesiastical polity, ii. 193.
Druthmar, Christian, his Commentary on
St. Matthew, ii. 31.
Dudith, his character, iii. 364, u.
Dulcinus, an eminent fanatic in xiii cent.
ii. 437; the leader of the sect of the
apostles, 438; his death, ibid.
Dunbar, Lord Treasurer, procures the fa-
mous act of the assembly of Scotland in
favour of episcopacy under James I. of
England, iv. 92, sub not. f.
Dungal, an Irishman, his great character,
ii. 16; writes in defence of images, ii.47.
Dunkelspuhl, Nicholas, his zeal in reform
ing the monks in xv. cent. iii. 542.

Dunstan, of Glassenbury, his character

and works, ii. 104 and p.
Duraus, John, his pacific exploits, iv. 10;
great character, 11; some of his tenets,
12; propensity to the sentiments of the
Mystics and Quakers, ibid.
Durandus, William, an account of, ii. 400.
of St. Portion, a polemic di-
vine in xiv cent. ii. 487.
Dursians, Duruzians, a sect which inhabit
Mount Libanus, iii. 99; their origin and
religion uncertain, 199 and f.
Dutch, their schemes for propagating their
doctrine in the East Indies, iii. 410;
zeal for spreading the gospel truths in
the American provinces how obstruct-
ed, and success in Surinam inconsidera-
ble, 417 and u, 418 and w; sects among
them in xvii cent. iv. 123.
Duyts, Rupert of, his great character, ii.
282; an eminent expositor in xii cent.
289; refutes the Jews, 298; his senti-
ments of the Eucharist, and other re-
ligious contests, 304.

E.

East, the remains of ancient sects, in xvi
cent. ii. 420.
Easter, disputes in ii cent. about the time
of keeping it, i. 167; occasion and pro-
gress of them, ibid. they prevail princi-
pally between the Asiatics and Romans,
168; hence is drawn a striking argu-
ment against the supremacy of the Bi-
shop of Rome, 169, w; the progress of
this dissension stopped by the prudence
of Irenæus, and the Asiatic Christians'
letter, ibid. the celebration made the
same through all Christian churches, by
the council of Nice, ibid.

Ebionites, a sect of Heretics who lived in
ii cent. i. 121; their origin, 171; Gos-
pel, ibid. and f; whence they derived
their name doubtful, 172; their tenets
very dangerous, ibid. and i, k.
Eccard, Henry, a brother of the Free Spi-
rit, a man of great erudition and family
in xiv cent. ii. 502.

Echellensis, Abraham, his pacificatory at-
tempts to reconcile the Greek and La-
tin churches in xvii cent. iii. 553.
Eckius, one of the first adversaries of Lu-
ther, iii. 29; his dispute with Carolo-
stadt on the power and freedom of the
human will, and with Luther on the
power of the Pope, 35, 36 and c; urges
Pope Leo X. to excommunicate the lat-
ter, 40, 41 and n; his dispute with Me-
lancthon at Worms, 82.
Eclectics, philosophers, their order esta-
blished at Alexandria, and whence their
rise, i. 42; how different from those
philosophers of this name in the time of
Ammonius, 140; who prefer Plato to all
others, 138.

philosophers, so called in xvii

cent. iii. 448; method, ibid. most famous
among them, ibid.

Ecthesis, edict, published by the Emperor
Heraclius in ix cent. i. 468; received

in the East, but rejected by Pope John
IV. 469.
Eginhard, Abbot of Selingestat, his cha-
racter, ii. 14; author of the life of Char
lemagne, 30; admired for the beauty of
his diction, and elegant perspicuity of
style, ibid.

Egyptian sect of Gnostics, their notions, i.
173; different from the Asiatic Gnostics,
and in what, with their various leaders,
178, 179.

Elcesaites, an heretical sect in ii cent, and
their founder, i. 173.

Elfric, Archbishop of Canterbury, his
character and works, ii. 104 and q.
Eligius, or Eloi, Bishop of Limoges, his
works, i. 456; account of a good Chris-
tian in vii cent. 457, w.

Elipand, Archbishop of Toledo, his hereti-
cal tenets, i. 513 and k.
Elizabeth, of Schonauge, the Prophetess
in xii cent. ii. 286.

Queen, her character and reli-
gious establishment, iii. 93, 94; her
propensity to Romish usages considered,
285 and 7; oppresses the Puritans, 286;
her opinion concerning church govern-
ment, 304 and x.

Princess Palatine, shows favour
to the Labbadists in xvii cent. iv. 177;
her taste for fanaticism, and account of,
ibid. c.

Elliot, John, his success in converting the
Indians, and character, iii. 416.
Elmacin, George, an historian, who wrote
the history of the Saracens in xiii cent.
ii. 336.

Elxai, and his followers, an account of, i.
173.

Emperors, Christian, their severity against

Paganism in iv cent. why levelled
against the multitude, i. 259.
Empire, Roman, its state at Christ's birth,
i. 29; the nature of its government con-
sidered, 30; its extent advantageous to
Christianity, ibid. enjoys peace at the
time of Christ's appearance, and the
necessity for such a tranquillity to the
success of the gospel, ibid. 31.

eastern, its decline in viii cent.
through intestine divisions, and the in-
vasion of the Turks, i. 484; in xv cent.
with the causes, ii. 509.
England, its advantages for literature in
vii cent. due to Theodore of Tarsus, ii.
450 and e; learning promoted in ix cent.
by Alfred, ii. 13; the study of the sci-
ences encouraged by William the Con-
queror, 137; some nuns here in xii
cent. 273; renounces the opinions of
Calvin, relative to the divine decrees,
iii. 263; court of Rome fails in its at

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