church under him, and his successors,
iv. 110; Act of Uniformity, called also
Toleration Act, under him, 111 and h;
consequences to the Non-conformists,
and fluctuating state, ibid. suffering
state of the Quakers under him, 149;
grants Pennsylvania to William Penn,

151.

Chamsi, or Solares, an account of, in xvi

cent. iii. 199 and g.

Charron, an enemy to the Gospel, iii. 119.
Chaumont, French ambassador to the King
of Siam, with the latter's acute answer
to the former's memorial, iii. 394 and q.
Chemnitz, Martin, his examination of the
council of Trent, commended, iii. 218;
Harmonies of the Evangelists, 224.
Childeric III. King of France, deposed by
Pope Zachary in viii cent. i. 495, 496,
and 4.

Chillingworth, a leader of the Latitudina-
rians, in xvii cent. his great character,
iv. 109; his work entitled the Religion
of Protestants, a safe Way to Salvation,
commended, ibid. d.

China, Christianity planted there in vii
cent. by Jesujabas of Gaddala, i. 439;
the state of Christianity here in xiv cent.
ii. 442.

- missions, there in xvii cent. iii.
395; their astonishing success, 396;
owing to the Jesuits, with their dexteri-
ty in arts and sciences, ibid. progress
of Christianity how retarded, with a
change of affairs, ibid. great success,
397;
Romish missions in xviii cent. iv.
184; state of Christianity somewhat
precarious, 185.
Chinese monument discovered at Signanfu

in vii cent. i. 439 and a; Christians
dispute about allowing them their old
religious rites in xviii cent. iv. 185.
Choniates, Nicetas, a good historian in
xiii cent. ii. 336.

Chorepiscopi, their origin and office, i. 92;
permitted to baptize, but not to confirm,
as confirmation was reserved to the bi-
shop alone, 108 and i.

Chosroes, King of Persia, a violent perse-
cutor of the Christians in vi cent. i. 404;
a patron of the Aristotelian philosophy,
408.

Christ, his birth, i. 53; accounts of him in
the four gospels, 54; his choice of
twelve apostles and seventy disciples,
and reason for this particular number,
56; extent of his fame beyond Judea,
57; his death, 58; resurrection and as.
cension, 58, 59; pours out the Holy
Ghost on his apostles, 60; his gospel
preached first to the Jews and Samari-
tans, ibid. respected among the Gen-
tiles, 62, 63 and c; left the form of the
church undetermined, 85 and z; insti-
tutes only two Sacraments, 104; hence
a multitude of ceremonies not necessa-

ry or essential to Christianity, ibid.
comparison between him and the philo-
sophers, and its fatal consequence, 201,
202; a parallel arrogantly drawn be-
tween him and Apollonius Tyanæus,
260; disputes about the nature of his
body in vi cent. 436; debates about the
manner of his birth in ix cent. ii. 56;
the festival of his body, or the Holy
Sacrament, in xiii cent. and its origin,
359, 417; controversy in xv cent, con-
cerning the worship due to his blood,
and how decided by Pius II. 561; his
divine nature denied by the Socinians,
iii. 354; omnipresence of his flesh, a
subject of debate in xvii cent. iv. 52;
generation of, according to Rocll's sen-
timents, 120, 121; his humanity denied
by the Quakers, with their opinions
concerning him, 157, 158.

Christian religion, the whole comprehend-
ed in two great points, and what these
are, i. 98; rites or ceremonies multipli-
ed in ii cent. and the reasons, 162; re-
mark of Lord Bolingbroke concerning
the elevation of the host in the Romish
church, ibid. n; first reason, a desire to
enlarge the borders of the church, ibid.
a passage in Gregory Thaumaturgus's
life illustrating this, 163, o; second rea-
son, to refute calumnies and reproaches,
with a remark thereon, ibid. third rea-
son, the abuse of Jewish rites, ibid.
fourth reason, the imitation of the hea-
then mysteries, 164 and p; fifth reason,
the symbolic manner of teaching among
the eastern nations, 165; sixth reason,
prejudices of converted Jews and Gen-
tiles, ibid. an example brought for an
illustration of this last reason, 166; as-
semblies when and where held by the
primitive Christians, ibid. the state of
its doctrine in iii cent. 214; vicious me-
thod of controversy practised by its de-
fenders in this cent. and spurious wri-
tings among them, 220, 221, its pro-
gress in the east in vi cent. 397; in the
west, 398; many converts retain their
idolatrous customs through the vicious
lenity of the missionaries, 399 and i;
miracles supposed to be wrought by its
missionaries in this cent. examined,
400; three methods of explaining its
doctrine about this time, 421, 422.
Christianity, causes of its rapid progress
supernatural, i. 63, 127; its success as-
cribed to absurd causes, 65; its progress
in the Roman empire, 123; in Germa-
ny, 125, 478; in Gaul, 125, 263; the
conversion of the philosophers in ii
cent. if advantageous or not, consider-
ed, 129; is gradually corrupted, with a
proof, 150, 151; deprived of its primi-
tive simplicity, and whence, 162, 165;
its success in iii cent. must be imputed
partly to divine, partly to human causes,

193, 194; embraced by the Goths, 195,
263; interpreted according to the prin-
ciples of the Platonic philosophy, 215;
Julian attempts its destruction, 256, 257;
the efforts of the philosophers against it,
260; and the prejudices received by the
Christian cause from them, ibid. esta-
blished in Armenia, 262; its progress
among the Abassines and Georgians,
ibid. the causes of the many conversions
in iv cent. 264; corrupted by the intro-
duction of various rites, 301; embraced
by the Burgundians, 334; by the Franks,
ibid. 335; by the Irish, 336; conver-
sions in v cent. causes of, examined,
337; attempts of the Pagans to destroy
its credit, 339; its decline in Britain,
through the cruelty of the Anglo-Sax-
ons, ibid. opposed by secret enemies,
341; authorities and logical discussions
thought more useful in proving its prin-
ciples, than the word of God, 362; its
progress in the east, 397; the conver-
sion of Ethelbert, King of the Anglo-
Saxons, and of many others in Britain,
398, 440; many Jews converted, 399 ;
Platonic philosophers oppose its success
in their writings, 401; introduced into
China by Jesujabas of Gadala, 439;
many Jews compelled to embrace it by
the Emperor Heraclius, 442; propaga-
ted in Hyrcania and Tartary, 477, ii. 73 ;
suffers through the success of the Turks
and Saracens, i. 484, 485; embraced by
the Danes, ii. 3, 78; by the Swedes and
Cimbrians, 3, 4; by the Bulgarians,
Bohemians, and Moravians, 4; Slavo-
nians send an embassy to Constantino-
ple with their resolution to embrace it,
5 and f; conversion of the Russians,
who are misrepresented by Lequien,
ibid. 6 and h, and 76; authority of the
Fathers made the test of truth in ix cent.
41; embraced by the Poles in x cent.
75; by the Hungarians, 77; by the
Norwegians, and through whose en-
deavours, 79, 80, and u; the zeal of
Christian princes in propagating it in
this cent. and the cause, 84, 85; no
writers in its defence at this time, 111;
conversion of the Pomeranians in xii
cent. by Otho, bishop of Bamberg, 227,
228; received by the inhabitants of the
island of Rugen, through the pious la-
bours of Absalom, Archbishop of Lun-
den, 228 and b; by the Finlanders, 229
and c, d; by the Livonians, ibid. what
judgment must be formed of the con-
versions in this cent. 232; its doctrine
corrupted, and by what means, 285; its
decline in Asia in xiv cent. 445, 446;
as also in China and Tartary, ibid. con-
versions of the Samogetæ and Indians
in xv cent. considered, 508; propagated
by Spanish and Portuguese missions,
and the methods examined, iii. 115 and
a propagated in India, 390; how first

conveyed to Siam, Tonquin, and Co-
chin China, 392; its enemies in Eng-
land, and how audacious in the reign of
Charles II. 418; the ingenious treatises
in defence of religion, and Boyle's 'lec-
tures founded, ibid. and x; Burnet's
abridgment of these, 419, y; chief lead-
ers of this impious band against Chris-
tianity, and characters, ibid. 424 and
notes; its enemies on the Continent,
424, 429, and notes; its prosperous state
in xviii cent. iv. 183; propagated in
Asia, Africa, and America,and by whom,
with its different fruits, 184; its enemies
in Europe, and more especially in Eng-
land, 187 and e; Atheists, but few, 188;
Deists, who, and may be divided into
different classes, ibid.

Christians, ten persecutions of them, by
the Gentiles, i. 67; what emperors
made laws against them, ibid. why per-
secuted by the Romans, 68; loaded
with opprobrious calumnies, 70; false-
ly charged by Nero with burning the
city of Rome, 73; their persecution
under him, ibid. and the extent, 74;
why persecuted by Domitian, and the
martyrs, who, 74, 75; a perfect equali-
ty among the primitive, 88; divided
into believers and catechumens, 99;
first, their care in the education of their
youth, 100; their schools and Gymna-
sia different, ibid. secret doctrine, what,
101; lives and manners, ibid. contro-
versies early among them, 102; adopt
the Jewish rites in several places, but
not in all, 105; unanimous in conse-
crating the first day of the week to pub-
lic worship, ibid. churches established
among them, and how the public wor-
ship was conducted, 107; the Lord's
supper, feasts of charity and baptism,
107, 108; the sick anointed, and fasting
introduced, 109; the persecution under
Trajan, 130; under Adrian, 131; un-
der Antoninus Pius, 132; the calumny
of impiety and Atheism charged upon
them, refuted by Justin Martyr, ibid.
persecuted under Marcus Antoninus.
ibid. and the chief martyrs, who, 133;
the clemency of Commodus toward
them, 134; the calamities they suffer
under Severus, 134, 196; rendered odi-
ous by calumnies, 134; at Alexandria,
captivated with the principles and dis-
cipline of the modern Platonics, 138;
their learning in ii cent. 144; why ma-
ny become Ascetics, 158; pious frauds,
whence, 160; excommunication found
necessary, ibid. penitential discipline
gradually modelled by the Heathen
mysterics, 161; and the expediency of
this custom considered, ibid. their im-
munities increased under various empe-
rors in iii cent. 191, 192; their numbers
increased, partly by divine, and partly
by human causes, 193, 194; persecution

they suffered under Maximin, 196; ma-
ny revolt from the Christian faith under
Decius, 197; and the opprobrious names
given them, ibid. certificates from the
Pagan priests to those who apostatized,
ibid. and s; warm disputes concerning
the readmission of the lapsed, upon
their request to be restored to the com-
munion of the church, 198; persecuted
by Gallus Volusianus, and Valerian,
199; their state under Gallienus and
Claudius, tolerable, 200; persecution
under Aurelian prevented by his death,
ibid. attempts of the Jews against them,
202: their affairs reduced to a danger-
ous crisis under Dioclesian, 248; mise-
ries very great under Galerius Maximin,
249; happy state under Constantine
the Great, ibid. calamities they suffer
under Licinius, 253; letters revive
among them in iv cent. and the causes,
266; yet many illiterate among them,
268; two most pernicious maxims adopt-
ed by their teachers, 293; their immo-
rality increases, 294; controversies fre-
quent among them, 295; suffer from
the success of barbarous invaders in v
cent. 338; the cruelty of the Goths and
Vandals to them in Gaul, 339; their
calamities from the Picts and Scots in
Britain, 340; persecuted in Persia, and
the cause, ibid. the opposition they met
with from the Jews, 341; sufferings
from the Vandals in Africa, 374; from
the Anglo-Saxons in England, 403; from
the Huns and Lombards, ibid. from
Chosroes in Persia, 404; oppressed by
the Saracens in Spain and Sardinia,
485; their superstitious piety and mo-
rals in viii cent. 508; persecuted in x
cent. by the barbarians in the west, ii.
84; their affairs in Palestine in a declin-
ing state, 234; oppressed by the Sara-
cens in xii cent. and the cause, 243; an
important division of their doctors,
292; both faulty in the methods of de-
fending and explaining Christian doc-
trines, 393; the decline of their inter-
est in Palestine, and how occasioned in
xiii cent. 332; endeavour to extirpate
the Saracens out of Spain, 444, 507.
Christiern, II. King of Denmark, promotes
the Reformation among the Danes, but
from bad motives, iii. 63; is deposed,
and the reasons, 64 and r; the different
conduct of his successor Frederic, ibid.
65 and t.

III. his laudable zeal in re-
forming the Danish church from Romish
superstition, and how he finished it by
Bugenhagius, and the council at Oden-
see, iii. 65 and u; suppresses episco-
pacy, and how far justifiable, 66 and

x.

Christina, Queen of Sweden, her change

of religion and character, iii. 476 and

m; joins with Lewis XIV. against Pope
Innocent XI. 490, n.

Chrysoloras, Manuel, his character, ii. 449
and t.

Chrysostom, a general account of him and
his works, i. 277, y, z; his commenta-
ries on the Scriptures, 285; moral trea-
tises, 288; the rigorous proceedings of
Theophilus, Bishop of Alexandria
against him, and on what account, i.
368 and w; the injustice of his suffer-
ings considered, 369.

Chub, a Deistical writer in xviii cent. iv.
188 and c; his hypothesis of Deism, ib.
Church, in general, its history in xvii
cent. iii. 383; in xviii cent. and Romish
in particular, its prosperous state, iv.
183; missions appointed by the latter,
and success, with observations, ibid.
famous contest concerning the obser-
vance of the old Chinese rites in China,
and how decided in two Papal edicts,
184; consequence of the execution of
these edicts in China, 184, 185.
Church, Arminian, its history and rise in
xvii cent. iv. 137; by whom founded,
and whence denominated, ibid. and a;
its commencement and doctrine of Ar-
minius, 128 and b; who is opposed, and
by whom, ibid. and c; progress of this
church after his death, with some hopes
of a toleration, 129 and d; pacific me-
thods used by its members, but in vain,
ibid. and e, f; their doctrine compre-
hended in five articles, and what these
are, 130; last of the five articles changed
by the Arminians, 131; resemble Lu-
ther's doctrine, with the Calvinists' opi-
nions concerning them, ibid. 132 and
h; Prince Maurice declares against the
Arminians, and consequence, ibid. 133
and notes; synod convoked at Dort,
to examine their doctrine, and by
whom, 135 and n; their tenets con-
demned by it, with the bad conse-
quences to them, 135, 136, and o; the
synod accused of partiality by the Ar-
minians, and with reason, ibid. and p;
ibid. and q, r; their fate after the synod
of Dort, 137; persecuted variously, 138;
are invited into Holstein, and form
themselves into a colony, ibid. and u;
recalled from exile, 138; their ancient
and modern system, 140 and y; which
was invented by Arminius, but embel-
lished by Episcopius, with the great
end proposed by it, and its principal
heads, 140 and z; their confession of
faith, but are not obliged strictly to ad-
here to its doctrine, and consequence,
142 and c, d; united only in their opi-
nions concerning predestination and
grace, ibid. their present state, 143;
success in England, ibid. fundamental
principle embraced at most Protestant
courts, and what it is, ibid. great pro-

gress, how retarded in Germany, 144
and ee; form of divine worship and
ecclesiastical government, 145 and f.
Church, Dutch, its state in xviii cent. iv.
208; divided by the Cartesian and Coc-
ceian controversies, but with some
hopes of their termination, and whence,
ibid. other controversies, and concern-
ing what, ibid. 209 and x, y.

Eastern, its history in xvi cent.
iii. 180; divided into three distinct
communities, ibid. Greek, properly so
called, what, its subdivision into two
branches, and its four provinces de-
scribed, 181, 182, and o, p, q; its doc-
trine, 184; unsuccessful attempt to
unite it with the Protestants, 185.
Churches, Eastern, separated from the
Greeks and Latins, iii. 190; compre-
hended under two classes, with their
names and subdivisions, ibid. and h;
the remarkable aversion to Popery
shown by those members of them who
have been educated at Rome, 200, 201
and i; their state in xviii cent. iv. 195;
Greek Christians treated with more in-
dulgence than formerly, ibid.
Church of England inclines to the senti-

ments of Luther, and in what respect,
iii. 282; but changes after the death of
Henry VIII. to Calvinism, 283; re-
ceives a new form of ceremonials and
discipline under Queen Elizabeth, 285
and ; controversy with the Puritans,
318; revolution in it, in favour of Ar-
minianism, iv. 30, 93; its genius and
spirit, 80; state under James I. and
changes made in it, 90, 94 and notes;
state under Charles I. 95, 104 and notes;
under Cromwell, 105, 106 and t; who
tolerates all sects but Episcopalians,
ibid. Presbyterian government esta-
blished, ibid. t; what sects flourished
at this time, 106. and u, w, x, y; and
107; its state under Charles II. and his
successors, 210; divisions, whence the
terms of High church and Low church,
111, 112 and notes; its state in xviii
cent. iv. 205; established form of go-
vernment, i. 206; Non-conformists in
general tolerated, ibid. the members of
the established church divided into two
classes, with their different opinions
concerning episcopacy, ibid. warm dis-
putes between them, with the principal
champions, ibid. and 207; its spirit
with relation to those who dissent from
it appears from its rule of doctrine and
government, and from Dr. Wake's pro-
ject of peace and union between the
English and Gallican churches, ibid.
and w; various sects in England,
through the unbounded liberty of the
press, and publishing religious notions,
ibid.

Church, Greek, its history and deplorable

state in xvii cent. iii. 550; some excep-
tions, 551 and a; invincible aversion
to the Latin church, ibid. and b; me-
thods for softening it, under Urban VIII.
and great hopes of success entertained
by the Latins, who published many la-
borious treatises on this plan, 552, 553
and d; its doctrine, if not corrupted by
the Romish missionaries, and doctors,
554 and g; whence, with bribery, &c.
of the Jesuits, in obtaining certificates
from the Greeks about some Romish
points, 555.

Helvetic, what points first excited
a difference between its members and
the Lutherans, iii. 273 and m; adopt
Zuingle's doctrine of the Eucharist, 274
and n; opposes Bucer's endeavours to
modify its doctrine to some degree of
conformity with that of Luther, ibid.
warm contests in it concerning the for-
mulary of concord, and whence, iv.
209; and how terminated through the
intercession of the King of Great Britain
and the States General, 210.

Lutheran, its rise, iii. 42, 43 and q;
progress retarded by internal divisions
relative to the Eucharist, 49; and by a
civil war, 50, 51; its name, commence-
ment, and why called Evangelical, 207;
why Lutheran, ibid. began to acquire a
regular form, &c. and raised to the dig-
nity of a lawful and complete Hierar-
chy, 208; sum of its doctrine, ibid. cer-
tain formularies adopted by this church,
ibid. confession of Augsburg, with its
defence, ibid. and a; its ceremonies
and public worship, 209; rejects the
ceremonies and observances of the
church of Rome, 210; its visible head,
and form of government, ibid. and ƒ;
internal government removed from
Episcopacy and Presbyterianism, Swe-
den and Denmark excepted, 211 andg;
Hierarchy, ibid. liturgies, public wor
ship, and method of instruction, 212;
holidays and ecclesiastical discipline,
213 and h; excommunication, ibid. and
how brought into disrepute, and to what
attributed, 214; few prosperous or un-
favourable events, 215 and k; allega-
tions of their enemies against the reli-
gious peace, unjust, 216 and n; state of
learning, ibid. study of the Belles Let-
tres and languages, 217; authors emi-
nent therein, 218; various fate of phi-
losophy among them, 219; sects among
them, 220; science of theology correct-
ed and improved, 223; exegetic theo-
logy, its state, ibid. respective merits of
interpreters, 224; two classes, 225;
didactic theology, ibid. its form chang.
ed, 226; morality, its state, and wri-
ters upon this subject, 227; no regular
system, 228; polemic or controversial
theology introduced, ibid. asperity in its

disputants, how alleviated, 229; three
periods to be distinguished in the histo-
ry of this church, 230; enjoys tolerable
tranquillity during Luther's life, ibid.
debates between Luther and the fanat-
ics in the first period, and who they
were, ibid. also between him and Caro-
lostadt, with the occasion, 232, 233, and
g, h, i; and Schwenckfeldt, 333; and
Antinomians, 235; debates in the se-
cond period between the death of Lu-
ther and Melancthon, 237; methods to
heal divisions, how frustrated, 249;
form of doctrine projected, and James
Andrea employed, 250; rejects the
form of concord, 255; judgment con-
cerning the controversies in it, 260;
principal doctors and writers, 261; its
history in xvii cent. iv. 3; loses ground
in some places, ibid. attempts made to-
ward a union between the Lutheran
and Reformed churches, 6; declaration
of the synod of Charenton, 8; prosper-
ous events, 14 and p; progress in learn-
ing, 15; state of philosophy, 16; free-
dom of philosophical inquiries gains
ground, 17; ecclesiastical polity, and
bad consequence thereof, 23, 24; most
eminent writers in this century, 24;
historical view of its religious doctrine,
25; commotions in it, 29; its external
and internal state in xviii cent. 196; re-
ceives a considerable accession, and
whence, with its success in remote
countries, but is oppressed at home, ib.
197; methods of defence, &c. changed,
and why, ibid. attempts to reform its
body of ecclesiastical law, opposed by
its chief rulers, whence contests arise,
with their motives for opposition, ibid.
its intestine enemies, and the fate they
meet with, ibid. some pretended Refor-
mers, but they fall into contempt and
are forgotten, 198; state of philosophy,
200; metaphysics improved, and by
whom, ibid. opposed, and controversies
thereon, with the charges brought
against it, ibid. the Wertheim transla-
tion of the Bible condemned, and its au-
thor imprisoned, 201; the Pietistical
controversies, still carried on, but redu-
ced to one principal question, and what
that is, ibid. and 202; other religious
contests and divisions in this church,
202.

Church, Reformed, its history in xvi cent.
iii. 261; constitution and founders, ibid.
no centre of union, and how far this re-
mark is true, 262 and q ; the causes that
produced this state of things, ibid. who
may claim as members of it, 264; its
progress in Switzerland, 266; contro-
versy between the Lutherans and Re-
formed, about the Eucharist, 265; pro-
gress of it, 266, 268; disputes about pre-
destination, 270; discord carried to the

greatest height, 271; what worthy of
observation in the rise and progress of
this church, 272; its history compre-
hended in two periods, ibid. its princi-
pal founder, 274; form of doctrine, dif-
ferent from Zuingle's, 276; is opposed,
278, 279; yet propagated in many coun-
tries, 279; in Germany and France,
281; its state in the Netherlands, 295;
in Poland, 296; divisions, 299 and q;
doctrine adopted by it, 301; how differ-
ent from the Lutherans, 302; and the
importance of these differences, 303;
to whom belongs the right of ecclesias-
tical government, determined, 304; its
form of ecclesiastical government, 305,
306, and z; state of church discipline,
307; of learning, 309; interpreters of
scripture, ib. theological doctrine, 310;
state of morality, 312; aud explained by
Perkins and others, ib. persons of emi-
nent genius in this church, 313; gains
ground in Hesse and Brandenburg in
xvii cent. iv. 4, 5; its history in this
cent. 64; limits extended, ib. 65, m, n,
o; decline in France, 66; receives in-
jurious treatment from the French
court, 67; its decline in the Palatinate,
70; state of learning, ibid. and u; of
explanatory, 72; and didactic theology,
74; and also of morality, 75; contro-
versies, 77, 90; its state in xviii cent.
202; its great extent, and who may
account themselves members of it, ibid.
203 and notes; expression of Dr.
Mosheim censured, 203 o; inaccuracy
censured, ibid. p; remarkable error in
the quarto edition of this work correct-
ed, and how, with the defence of the
Reformed church against the charge of
approximation to popery, ibid. r; no
general subject of controversy between
the Lutherans and Arminians, and how
far this remark is true, 204 and s'; pro-
jects of reunion between the Reformed
and the Lutherans, and whence un-
successful, ibid. and t.

Reformed, in France, disposed
to favour Arminianism, iv. 80; particu-
lar tenets, 81; the cause of departing
from their brethren in some points, ibid.
charged with some concessions of
moment to Popery, and this charge
examined, 82, ii, and k; controversy
raised by Hypothetical Universalists,
83; Cameron and Amyrout's attempts,
with the form of reconciliation drawn
up by the latter, ibid.

Romish, sends missionaries into
Tartary in xiii cent. ii. 324; a great
schism in xiv cent. 463; its bad conse-
quences, 464; plan for reforming it, and
the substance of it, in xvi cent. iii. 82;
and w; charged with fanaticism and
superstition, 106; zealous in appointing
an infinite number of missionaries, and