church under him, and his successors, iv. 110; Act of Uniformity, called also Toleration Act, under him, 111 and h; consequences to the Non-conformists, and fluctuating state, ibid. suffering state of the Quakers under him, 149; grants Pennsylvania to William Penn,
Chamsi, or Solares, an account of, in xvi
Charron, an enemy to the Gospel, iii. 119. Chaumont, French ambassador to the King of Siam, with the latter's acute answer to the former's memorial, iii. 394 and q. Chemnitz, Martin, his examination of the council of Trent, commended, iii. 218; Harmonies of the Evangelists, 224. Childeric III. King of France, deposed by Pope Zachary in viii cent. i. 495, 496, and 4.
Chillingworth, a leader of the Latitudina- rians, in xvii cent. his great character, iv. 109; his work entitled the Religion of Protestants, a safe Way to Salvation, commended, ibid. d.
China, Christianity planted there in vii cent. by Jesujabas of Gaddala, i. 439; the state of Christianity here in xiv cent. ii. 442.
- missions, there in xvii cent. iii. 395; their astonishing success, 396; owing to the Jesuits, with their dexteri- ty in arts and sciences, ibid. progress of Christianity how retarded, with a change of affairs, ibid. great success, 397; Romish missions in xviii cent. iv. 184; state of Christianity somewhat precarious, 185. Chinese monument discovered at Signanfu
in vii cent. i. 439 and a; Christians dispute about allowing them their old religious rites in xviii cent. iv. 185. Choniates, Nicetas, a good historian in xiii cent. ii. 336.
Chorepiscopi, their origin and office, i. 92; permitted to baptize, but not to confirm, as confirmation was reserved to the bi- shop alone, 108 and i.
Chosroes, King of Persia, a violent perse- cutor of the Christians in vi cent. i. 404; a patron of the Aristotelian philosophy, 408.
Christ, his birth, i. 53; accounts of him in the four gospels, 54; his choice of twelve apostles and seventy disciples, and reason for this particular number, 56; extent of his fame beyond Judea, 57; his death, 58; resurrection and as. cension, 58, 59; pours out the Holy Ghost on his apostles, 60; his gospel preached first to the Jews and Samari- tans, ibid. respected among the Gen- tiles, 62, 63 and c; left the form of the church undetermined, 85 and z; insti- tutes only two Sacraments, 104; hence a multitude of ceremonies not necessa-
ry or essential to Christianity, ibid. comparison between him and the philo- sophers, and its fatal consequence, 201, 202; a parallel arrogantly drawn be- tween him and Apollonius Tyanæus, 260; disputes about the nature of his body in vi cent. 436; debates about the manner of his birth in ix cent. ii. 56; the festival of his body, or the Holy Sacrament, in xiii cent. and its origin, 359, 417; controversy in xv cent, con- cerning the worship due to his blood, and how decided by Pius II. 561; his divine nature denied by the Socinians, iii. 354; omnipresence of his flesh, a subject of debate in xvii cent. iv. 52; generation of, according to Rocll's sen- timents, 120, 121; his humanity denied by the Quakers, with their opinions concerning him, 157, 158.
Christian religion, the whole comprehend- ed in two great points, and what these are, i. 98; rites or ceremonies multipli- ed in ii cent. and the reasons, 162; re- mark of Lord Bolingbroke concerning the elevation of the host in the Romish church, ibid. n; first reason, a desire to enlarge the borders of the church, ibid. a passage in Gregory Thaumaturgus's life illustrating this, 163, o; second rea- son, to refute calumnies and reproaches, with a remark thereon, ibid. third rea- son, the abuse of Jewish rites, ibid. fourth reason, the imitation of the hea- then mysteries, 164 and p; fifth reason, the symbolic manner of teaching among the eastern nations, 165; sixth reason, prejudices of converted Jews and Gen- tiles, ibid. an example brought for an illustration of this last reason, 166; as- semblies when and where held by the primitive Christians, ibid. the state of its doctrine in iii cent. 214; vicious me- thod of controversy practised by its de- fenders in this cent. and spurious wri- tings among them, 220, 221, its pro- gress in the east in vi cent. 397; in the west, 398; many converts retain their idolatrous customs through the vicious lenity of the missionaries, 399 and i; miracles supposed to be wrought by its missionaries in this cent. examined, 400; three methods of explaining its doctrine about this time, 421, 422. Christianity, causes of its rapid progress supernatural, i. 63, 127; its success as- cribed to absurd causes, 65; its progress in the Roman empire, 123; in Germa- ny, 125, 478; in Gaul, 125, 263; the conversion of the philosophers in ii cent. if advantageous or not, consider- ed, 129; is gradually corrupted, with a proof, 150, 151; deprived of its primi- tive simplicity, and whence, 162, 165; its success in iii cent. must be imputed partly to divine, partly to human causes,
193, 194; embraced by the Goths, 195, 263; interpreted according to the prin- ciples of the Platonic philosophy, 215; Julian attempts its destruction, 256, 257; the efforts of the philosophers against it, 260; and the prejudices received by the Christian cause from them, ibid. esta- blished in Armenia, 262; its progress among the Abassines and Georgians, ibid. the causes of the many conversions in iv cent. 264; corrupted by the intro- duction of various rites, 301; embraced by the Burgundians, 334; by the Franks, ibid. 335; by the Irish, 336; conver- sions in v cent. causes of, examined, 337; attempts of the Pagans to destroy its credit, 339; its decline in Britain, through the cruelty of the Anglo-Sax- ons, ibid. opposed by secret enemies, 341; authorities and logical discussions thought more useful in proving its prin- ciples, than the word of God, 362; its progress in the east, 397; the conver- sion of Ethelbert, King of the Anglo- Saxons, and of many others in Britain, 398, 440; many Jews converted, 399 ; Platonic philosophers oppose its success in their writings, 401; introduced into China by Jesujabas of Gadala, 439; many Jews compelled to embrace it by the Emperor Heraclius, 442; propaga- ted in Hyrcania and Tartary, 477, ii. 73 ; suffers through the success of the Turks and Saracens, i. 484, 485; embraced by the Danes, ii. 3, 78; by the Swedes and Cimbrians, 3, 4; by the Bulgarians, Bohemians, and Moravians, 4; Slavo- nians send an embassy to Constantino- ple with their resolution to embrace it, 5 and f; conversion of the Russians, who are misrepresented by Lequien, ibid. 6 and h, and 76; authority of the Fathers made the test of truth in ix cent. 41; embraced by the Poles in x cent. 75; by the Hungarians, 77; by the Norwegians, and through whose en- deavours, 79, 80, and u; the zeal of Christian princes in propagating it in this cent. and the cause, 84, 85; no writers in its defence at this time, 111; conversion of the Pomeranians in xii cent. by Otho, bishop of Bamberg, 227, 228; received by the inhabitants of the island of Rugen, through the pious la- bours of Absalom, Archbishop of Lun- den, 228 and b; by the Finlanders, 229 and c, d; by the Livonians, ibid. what judgment must be formed of the con- versions in this cent. 232; its doctrine corrupted, and by what means, 285; its decline in Asia in xiv cent. 445, 446; as also in China and Tartary, ibid. con- versions of the Samogetæ and Indians in xv cent. considered, 508; propagated by Spanish and Portuguese missions, and the methods examined, iii. 115 and a propagated in India, 390; how first
conveyed to Siam, Tonquin, and Co- chin China, 392; its enemies in Eng- land, and how audacious in the reign of Charles II. 418; the ingenious treatises in defence of religion, and Boyle's 'lec- tures founded, ibid. and x; Burnet's abridgment of these, 419, y; chief lead- ers of this impious band against Chris- tianity, and characters, ibid. 424 and notes; its enemies on the Continent, 424, 429, and notes; its prosperous state in xviii cent. iv. 183; propagated in Asia, Africa, and America,and by whom, with its different fruits, 184; its enemies in Europe, and more especially in Eng- land, 187 and e; Atheists, but few, 188; Deists, who, and may be divided into different classes, ibid.
Christians, ten persecutions of them, by the Gentiles, i. 67; what emperors made laws against them, ibid. why per- secuted by the Romans, 68; loaded with opprobrious calumnies, 70; false- ly charged by Nero with burning the city of Rome, 73; their persecution under him, ibid. and the extent, 74; why persecuted by Domitian, and the martyrs, who, 74, 75; a perfect equali- ty among the primitive, 88; divided into believers and catechumens, 99; first, their care in the education of their youth, 100; their schools and Gymna- sia different, ibid. secret doctrine, what, 101; lives and manners, ibid. contro- versies early among them, 102; adopt the Jewish rites in several places, but not in all, 105; unanimous in conse- crating the first day of the week to pub- lic worship, ibid. churches established among them, and how the public wor- ship was conducted, 107; the Lord's supper, feasts of charity and baptism, 107, 108; the sick anointed, and fasting introduced, 109; the persecution under Trajan, 130; under Adrian, 131; un- der Antoninus Pius, 132; the calumny of impiety and Atheism charged upon them, refuted by Justin Martyr, ibid. persecuted under Marcus Antoninus. ibid. and the chief martyrs, who, 133; the clemency of Commodus toward them, 134; the calamities they suffer under Severus, 134, 196; rendered odi- ous by calumnies, 134; at Alexandria, captivated with the principles and dis- cipline of the modern Platonics, 138; their learning in ii cent. 144; why ma- ny become Ascetics, 158; pious frauds, whence, 160; excommunication found necessary, ibid. penitential discipline gradually modelled by the Heathen mysterics, 161; and the expediency of this custom considered, ibid. their im- munities increased under various empe- rors in iii cent. 191, 192; their numbers increased, partly by divine, and partly by human causes, 193, 194; persecution
they suffered under Maximin, 196; ma- ny revolt from the Christian faith under Decius, 197; and the opprobrious names given them, ibid. certificates from the Pagan priests to those who apostatized, ibid. and s; warm disputes concerning the readmission of the lapsed, upon their request to be restored to the com- munion of the church, 198; persecuted by Gallus Volusianus, and Valerian, 199; their state under Gallienus and Claudius, tolerable, 200; persecution under Aurelian prevented by his death, ibid. attempts of the Jews against them, 202: their affairs reduced to a danger- ous crisis under Dioclesian, 248; mise- ries very great under Galerius Maximin, 249; happy state under Constantine the Great, ibid. calamities they suffer under Licinius, 253; letters revive among them in iv cent. and the causes, 266; yet many illiterate among them, 268; two most pernicious maxims adopt- ed by their teachers, 293; their immo- rality increases, 294; controversies fre- quent among them, 295; suffer from the success of barbarous invaders in v cent. 338; the cruelty of the Goths and Vandals to them in Gaul, 339; their calamities from the Picts and Scots in Britain, 340; persecuted in Persia, and the cause, ibid. the opposition they met with from the Jews, 341; sufferings from the Vandals in Africa, 374; from the Anglo-Saxons in England, 403; from the Huns and Lombards, ibid. from Chosroes in Persia, 404; oppressed by the Saracens in Spain and Sardinia, 485; their superstitious piety and mo- rals in viii cent. 508; persecuted in x cent. by the barbarians in the west, ii. 84; their affairs in Palestine in a declin- ing state, 234; oppressed by the Sara- cens in xii cent. and the cause, 243; an important division of their doctors, 292; both faulty in the methods of de- fending and explaining Christian doc- trines, 393; the decline of their inter- est in Palestine, and how occasioned in xiii cent. 332; endeavour to extirpate the Saracens out of Spain, 444, 507. Christiern, II. King of Denmark, promotes the Reformation among the Danes, but from bad motives, iii. 63; is deposed, and the reasons, 64 and r; the different conduct of his successor Frederic, ibid. 65 and t.
III. his laudable zeal in re- forming the Danish church from Romish superstition, and how he finished it by Bugenhagius, and the council at Oden- see, iii. 65 and u; suppresses episco- pacy, and how far justifiable, 66 and
Christina, Queen of Sweden, her change
of religion and character, iii. 476 and
m; joins with Lewis XIV. against Pope Innocent XI. 490, n.
Chrysoloras, Manuel, his character, ii. 449 and t.
Chrysostom, a general account of him and his works, i. 277, y, z; his commenta- ries on the Scriptures, 285; moral trea- tises, 288; the rigorous proceedings of Theophilus, Bishop of Alexandria against him, and on what account, i. 368 and w; the injustice of his suffer- ings considered, 369.
Chub, a Deistical writer in xviii cent. iv. 188 and c; his hypothesis of Deism, ib. Church, in general, its history in xvii cent. iii. 383; in xviii cent. and Romish in particular, its prosperous state, iv. 183; missions appointed by the latter, and success, with observations, ibid. famous contest concerning the obser- vance of the old Chinese rites in China, and how decided in two Papal edicts, 184; consequence of the execution of these edicts in China, 184, 185. Church, Arminian, its history and rise in xvii cent. iv. 137; by whom founded, and whence denominated, ibid. and a; its commencement and doctrine of Ar- minius, 128 and b; who is opposed, and by whom, ibid. and c; progress of this church after his death, with some hopes of a toleration, 129 and d; pacific me- thods used by its members, but in vain, ibid. and e, f; their doctrine compre- hended in five articles, and what these are, 130; last of the five articles changed by the Arminians, 131; resemble Lu- ther's doctrine, with the Calvinists' opi- nions concerning them, ibid. 132 and h; Prince Maurice declares against the Arminians, and consequence, ibid. 133 and notes; synod convoked at Dort, to examine their doctrine, and by whom, 135 and n; their tenets con- demned by it, with the bad conse- quences to them, 135, 136, and o; the synod accused of partiality by the Ar- minians, and with reason, ibid. and p; ibid. and q, r; their fate after the synod of Dort, 137; persecuted variously, 138; are invited into Holstein, and form themselves into a colony, ibid. and u; recalled from exile, 138; their ancient and modern system, 140 and y; which was invented by Arminius, but embel- lished by Episcopius, with the great end proposed by it, and its principal heads, 140 and z; their confession of faith, but are not obliged strictly to ad- here to its doctrine, and consequence, 142 and c, d; united only in their opi- nions concerning predestination and grace, ibid. their present state, 143; success in England, ibid. fundamental principle embraced at most Protestant courts, and what it is, ibid. great pro-
gress, how retarded in Germany, 144 and ee; form of divine worship and ecclesiastical government, 145 and f. Church, Dutch, its state in xviii cent. iv. 208; divided by the Cartesian and Coc- ceian controversies, but with some hopes of their termination, and whence, ibid. other controversies, and concern- ing what, ibid. 209 and x, y.
Eastern, its history in xvi cent. iii. 180; divided into three distinct communities, ibid. Greek, properly so called, what, its subdivision into two branches, and its four provinces de- scribed, 181, 182, and o, p, q; its doc- trine, 184; unsuccessful attempt to unite it with the Protestants, 185. Churches, Eastern, separated from the Greeks and Latins, iii. 190; compre- hended under two classes, with their names and subdivisions, ibid. and h; the remarkable aversion to Popery shown by those members of them who have been educated at Rome, 200, 201 and i; their state in xviii cent. iv. 195; Greek Christians treated with more in- dulgence than formerly, ibid. Church of England inclines to the senti-
ments of Luther, and in what respect, iii. 282; but changes after the death of Henry VIII. to Calvinism, 283; re- ceives a new form of ceremonials and discipline under Queen Elizabeth, 285 and ; controversy with the Puritans, 318; revolution in it, in favour of Ar- minianism, iv. 30, 93; its genius and spirit, 80; state under James I. and changes made in it, 90, 94 and notes; state under Charles I. 95, 104 and notes; under Cromwell, 105, 106 and t; who tolerates all sects but Episcopalians, ibid. Presbyterian government esta- blished, ibid. t; what sects flourished at this time, 106. and u, w, x, y; and 107; its state under Charles II. and his successors, 210; divisions, whence the terms of High church and Low church, 111, 112 and notes; its state in xviii cent. iv. 205; established form of go- vernment, i. 206; Non-conformists in general tolerated, ibid. the members of the established church divided into two classes, with their different opinions concerning episcopacy, ibid. warm dis- putes between them, with the principal champions, ibid. and 207; its spirit with relation to those who dissent from it appears from its rule of doctrine and government, and from Dr. Wake's pro- ject of peace and union between the English and Gallican churches, ibid. and w; various sects in England, through the unbounded liberty of the press, and publishing religious notions, ibid.
Church, Greek, its history and deplorable
state in xvii cent. iii. 550; some excep- tions, 551 and a; invincible aversion to the Latin church, ibid. and b; me- thods for softening it, under Urban VIII. and great hopes of success entertained by the Latins, who published many la- borious treatises on this plan, 552, 553 and d; its doctrine, if not corrupted by the Romish missionaries, and doctors, 554 and g; whence, with bribery, &c. of the Jesuits, in obtaining certificates from the Greeks about some Romish points, 555.
Helvetic, what points first excited a difference between its members and the Lutherans, iii. 273 and m; adopt Zuingle's doctrine of the Eucharist, 274 and n; opposes Bucer's endeavours to modify its doctrine to some degree of conformity with that of Luther, ibid. warm contests in it concerning the for- mulary of concord, and whence, iv. 209; and how terminated through the intercession of the King of Great Britain and the States General, 210.
Lutheran, its rise, iii. 42, 43 and q; progress retarded by internal divisions relative to the Eucharist, 49; and by a civil war, 50, 51; its name, commence- ment, and why called Evangelical, 207; why Lutheran, ibid. began to acquire a regular form, &c. and raised to the dig- nity of a lawful and complete Hierar- chy, 208; sum of its doctrine, ibid. cer- tain formularies adopted by this church, ibid. confession of Augsburg, with its defence, ibid. and a; its ceremonies and public worship, 209; rejects the ceremonies and observances of the church of Rome, 210; its visible head, and form of government, ibid. and ƒ; internal government removed from Episcopacy and Presbyterianism, Swe- den and Denmark excepted, 211 andg; Hierarchy, ibid. liturgies, public wor ship, and method of instruction, 212; holidays and ecclesiastical discipline, 213 and h; excommunication, ibid. and how brought into disrepute, and to what attributed, 214; few prosperous or un- favourable events, 215 and k; allega- tions of their enemies against the reli- gious peace, unjust, 216 and n; state of learning, ibid. study of the Belles Let- tres and languages, 217; authors emi- nent therein, 218; various fate of phi- losophy among them, 219; sects among them, 220; science of theology correct- ed and improved, 223; exegetic theo- logy, its state, ibid. respective merits of interpreters, 224; two classes, 225; didactic theology, ibid. its form chang. ed, 226; morality, its state, and wri- ters upon this subject, 227; no regular system, 228; polemic or controversial theology introduced, ibid. asperity in its
disputants, how alleviated, 229; three periods to be distinguished in the histo- ry of this church, 230; enjoys tolerable tranquillity during Luther's life, ibid. debates between Luther and the fanat- ics in the first period, and who they were, ibid. also between him and Caro- lostadt, with the occasion, 232, 233, and g, h, i; and Schwenckfeldt, 333; and Antinomians, 235; debates in the se- cond period between the death of Lu- ther and Melancthon, 237; methods to heal divisions, how frustrated, 249; form of doctrine projected, and James Andrea employed, 250; rejects the form of concord, 255; judgment con- cerning the controversies in it, 260; principal doctors and writers, 261; its history in xvii cent. iv. 3; loses ground in some places, ibid. attempts made to- ward a union between the Lutheran and Reformed churches, 6; declaration of the synod of Charenton, 8; prosper- ous events, 14 and p; progress in learn- ing, 15; state of philosophy, 16; free- dom of philosophical inquiries gains ground, 17; ecclesiastical polity, and bad consequence thereof, 23, 24; most eminent writers in this century, 24; historical view of its religious doctrine, 25; commotions in it, 29; its external and internal state in xviii cent. 196; re- ceives a considerable accession, and whence, with its success in remote countries, but is oppressed at home, ib. 197; methods of defence, &c. changed, and why, ibid. attempts to reform its body of ecclesiastical law, opposed by its chief rulers, whence contests arise, with their motives for opposition, ibid. its intestine enemies, and the fate they meet with, ibid. some pretended Refor- mers, but they fall into contempt and are forgotten, 198; state of philosophy, 200; metaphysics improved, and by whom, ibid. opposed, and controversies thereon, with the charges brought against it, ibid. the Wertheim transla- tion of the Bible condemned, and its au- thor imprisoned, 201; the Pietistical controversies, still carried on, but redu- ced to one principal question, and what that is, ibid. and 202; other religious contests and divisions in this church, 202.
Church, Reformed, its history in xvi cent. iii. 261; constitution and founders, ibid. no centre of union, and how far this re- mark is true, 262 and q ; the causes that produced this state of things, ibid. who may claim as members of it, 264; its progress in Switzerland, 266; contro- versy between the Lutherans and Re- formed, about the Eucharist, 265; pro- gress of it, 266, 268; disputes about pre- destination, 270; discord carried to the
greatest height, 271; what worthy of observation in the rise and progress of this church, 272; its history compre- hended in two periods, ibid. its princi- pal founder, 274; form of doctrine, dif- ferent from Zuingle's, 276; is opposed, 278, 279; yet propagated in many coun- tries, 279; in Germany and France, 281; its state in the Netherlands, 295; in Poland, 296; divisions, 299 and q; doctrine adopted by it, 301; how differ- ent from the Lutherans, 302; and the importance of these differences, 303; to whom belongs the right of ecclesias- tical government, determined, 304; its form of ecclesiastical government, 305, 306, and z; state of church discipline, 307; of learning, 309; interpreters of scripture, ib. theological doctrine, 310; state of morality, 312; aud explained by Perkins and others, ib. persons of emi- nent genius in this church, 313; gains ground in Hesse and Brandenburg in xvii cent. iv. 4, 5; its history in this cent. 64; limits extended, ib. 65, m, n, o; decline in France, 66; receives in- jurious treatment from the French court, 67; its decline in the Palatinate, 70; state of learning, ibid. and u; of explanatory, 72; and didactic theology, 74; and also of morality, 75; contro- versies, 77, 90; its state in xviii cent. 202; its great extent, and who may account themselves members of it, ibid. 203 and notes; expression of Dr. Mosheim censured, 203 o; inaccuracy censured, ibid. p; remarkable error in the quarto edition of this work correct- ed, and how, with the defence of the Reformed church against the charge of approximation to popery, ibid. r; no general subject of controversy between the Lutherans and Arminians, and how far this remark is true, 204 and s'; pro- jects of reunion between the Reformed and the Lutherans, and whence un- successful, ibid. and t.
Reformed, in France, disposed to favour Arminianism, iv. 80; particu- lar tenets, 81; the cause of departing from their brethren in some points, ibid. charged with some concessions of moment to Popery, and this charge examined, 82, ii, and k; controversy raised by Hypothetical Universalists, 83; Cameron and Amyrout's attempts, with the form of reconciliation drawn up by the latter, ibid.
Romish, sends missionaries into Tartary in xiii cent. ii. 324; a great schism in xiv cent. 463; its bad conse- quences, 464; plan for reforming it, and the substance of it, in xvi cent. iii. 82; and w; charged with fanaticism and superstition, 106; zealous in appointing an infinite number of missionaries, and
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