Bruno, Jordano, a supposed infidel in xvi
cent. iii. 119.
Bruys, Peter, attempts to reform the abuses
and superstition of his times, and is
charged with fanaticism, ii. 311, founder
of the Petrobrussians, ibid. is burnt,
ibid. some of his tenets, ibid.
Bryennius, Nicephorus, an eminent his-
torian in xii cent. ii. 246.

Josephus, his works, ii. 546.
Bucer, Martin, endeavours to bring about
a reconciliation between the Reformed
and the Lutherans, iii. 267; how defeat-
ed, 263; his attempts to modify the
doctrine of the Swiss church to that of
Luther, and how defeated, 274.
Budneians, a sect of Socinians, their doc-
trine, iii. 363; their founder, with his
character and sentiments, 379, 380;
who is excommunicated, but readmit-
ted, ibid. and followed by William Da-
vides, Francken, and others, ibid.
Bugenhagius, draws up a form of religious
government and doctrine, according to
the principles of the Reformation, for
the Danes, iii. 65; the salutary effect of
this work in perfecting the Reformation
in Denmark, ibid. and u.

John, his Harmonies of the
Evangelists, iii. 224.
Bullinger, his character, iii. 310; writings,
319.

Bulgarians, converted to Christianity in
ix cent. ii. 4.

Burchard, Bishop of Worms, character of
his Decreta, written in x cent. ii. 105.
Burckhard, Francis, writes against the
treaty of Passau, iii. 215.

Burg, Gibbon de, his pacificatory attempts

in xviii cent. iii. 469 and s.
Burgundians, spontaneously embrace
Christianity, i. 334; the cause to which
this is imputed, ibid. inclined to Arian-
ism, ibid.

Bulaus, Walter, the use of his works, ii.
450; his character, 488.

Bus, Cæsar de, founder of the order of the
fathers of the Christian doctrine in xvi
cent. iii. 151.

Buscherus, Statius, opposes the pacific
projects of Calixtus in xvii cent. iv. 31;
the conduct of the latter upon this occa-
sion, 32; an account of the Crypto Pa-
pismus of Buscherus, ibid.

C

Cabasilas, Nicholas, an eminent mathema-
tician in xiv cent. ii. 447.

Nilus, his character, ii. 448.
Cabballa, the source of many errors among
the Jews, i. 50; derived from the Orien-
tal philosophy, ibid. much taught and
admired by the Jews, 82.
Cæcilianus, Bishop of Carthage, condemn-

ed in iv cent. i. 309; the reasons alleged
for it, ibid. meets with a violent oppo-
sition from Donatus, ibid. and e.

Cælestius, his doctrine of original sin one
main source of Pelagianism, i. 391; ac-
count of, ibid. g.

Cæsarius of Arles, his works, i. 417, 423,

450.

Cajetan, Cardinal, his conference at Augs-
burg with Luther on the nature and ex-
tent of indulgences, iii. 30; insolent
behaviour, and fruitless issue of the de-
bate, 31 and r; absurd expression con-
cerning Christ's blood, 33 and x; cha-
racter of his exposition of the Bible,
160.

Cainites, an account of their tenets, i. 185.
Callistus, Nicephorus, his character and
works, ii. 446, 487.

Calixtines, in Bohemia, their rise in xv
cent. ii. 553; four demands, ibid.
Calixtus, George, his zeal for reconciling
the Protestants and Catholics in xvii
cent. iii. 472; as also the Lutherans and
Reformed, iv. 13; his peculiar method
and form of theology, 27; system of
moral theology, 29; author of Syncre-
tism, and character, 31; opposed by
whom, ibid. his death, 33 and d; doc-
trine condemned, and creed drawn up
against it by the Lutheran doctors, ibid.
opinions, 35 and ƒ; his real design, ibid.
sub fin. not. f; two great principles,
with debates carried on with the doctors
of Rintelen, Coningsberg, 36; and Jena,
37; the candid examination of Glas-
sius on this occasion, ibid. and k.

Frederic Ulric, opposes the
creed of the Lutheran doctors against
Syncretism, iv. 34.

II. Pope, his great character, ii.
261; disputes concerning investitures
subside by his prudence, ibid.

III. institutes in xv cent. the fes-
tival of the Transfiguration, ii. 562.
Calovius, a Lutheran writer in xvii cent.
iv. 26; attacks Calixtus, 32; his ma-
lignity against the disciples of Calixtus,
even after his death, 33.

Calvin, John, a short character of him, iii.
68 and a, b; facilitated a reconciliation
of the Reformed and Lutherans, 268,
269 and g; error here, 269; set on foot
the controversy about predestination,
270; his opinion, and that of the ancient
Helvetic doctors, ibid. the former, pro-
pagated with discord, carried to the
greatest height, 271; founder of the
Reformed church, 274 and o; his grand
views how in part executed, ibid. 275,
276 and p; doctrine and discipline alter-
ed from that of Zuingle in three points,
ibid. first, the power of the magistrate,
ibid. second, the eucharist, little differ-
ent from the Lutherans, though much
from Zuingle, 277, 278 and q, r; dif-
ferent from the Romanists, ibid. third,
in God's absolute decree, ibid. his
changes not approved or received by all
the Reformed, 278, 279; gains ground

in Germany, 279; and in France, 281;
in Scotland by Knox, and in England,
282; his system made the public rule
of faith in the latter place under Edward
VI. 283; his system adopted in the Ne-
therlands, 295; his rigid discipline, and
resolution in establishing it,and the dan-
gers he is thereupon exposed to, 307,
308 and d; his interpretation of the
precepts of Aristotle, 309; Commen-
tary, and why sharply censured, 310;
Institutes of the Christian religion, 312;
Practical divinity, or life and manners
of a true Christian, ibid. contest with
the spiritual libertines, 313; with those
of Geneva, 314; disputes with Castalio,
315; with Bolsec, 316; with Ochinus,
317; puts Servetus to death, 356; his
method of interpreting Scripture scru-
pulously followed by the members of
the Reformed church, iv. 72.
Calvinists, secret, favourers of, in Saxony,

iii. 250; whence called Crypto-Calvin-
ists, 252; attempts to spread their doc-
trine, 257; and consequences, with the
death of Crellius, their chief patron,

259.

Camaldolites, a monastic order, their rise
in xi cent. ii. 186; founder Romuald,
whose followers are divided into two
classes, the Cœnobites, and the Ere-
mites, ibid. and z.

Camateurs, Andronicus, his character, ii.
281.

Cambalu, now Pekin in China, erected by
Clement V. into an archbishopric in
xiv cent. ii. 442.

Camerarius, Joachim, a promoter of uni-
versal learning, and his character, iii.
219; his Commentary on the New Tes-
tament, 224.

Cameron, John, his reconciling doctrine
and endeavours, iii. 83.
Campanella, a philosopher in xvi cent. iii.
123; his character, ibid. p.
Campanus, his heretical notions, iii. 355
and a.

Canon, of Scripture, supposed to be fixed

about i cent. i. 93; and reasons for
this supposition, ibid.

Canons, a religious order, their origin in
viii cent. i. 503; their founder Chrode-
gangus, ibid. and h; encouraged by
Lewis the Meek, ii. 27; who orders a
new rule to be drawn up for their ob-
servance, which is condemned, and in-
stitutes the first Canonesses, 28 and h;
the author of this rule, ibid. partiality
of their historians, ibid. i; degenerate
from their primitive purity, 29; cor-
ruption among them in xi cent. 191;
reformation attempted, and new laws
made, ibid. distinction into regular and
secular, 192; why called Regular ca-
nons of St. Augustin, ibid. and p; in-
troduction into England, ibid.

Capistran, John, his character, ii. 549;
eminent for his defence of papal autho-
rity, ibid.

Capito, Robert, an account of, ii. 341, 400
and i; his commentaries on Dionysius,
410.

Cappel, Lewis, charged with making im-
prudent and base concessions, through
a desire of diminishing the prejudices or
resentment of the Papists against the
Protestants in xvii cent. iv. 86; the
voluminous and elaborate work under-
taken by him, what, ibid. q, r, and s;
zealously opposed, ibid. the churches
of Switzerland alarmed at his opinions,
and the event, iv. 125.

Capreolus, John, his character, ii. 548.
Capuchins, their origin in xvi cent. and
founder, iii. 147, 148 and i, k; envy
against them, and why so called, ibid.
and m, n; banished Venice in xvif cent.
iii. 483; but recalled, 484, a.
Caputiati, a sect of fanatics in xii cent. ii.

320.

Caracalla, Emperor, his lenity to the
Christians, i. 192.

Cardan, a philosopher in xvi cent. iii. 122;
his character, ibid. n.
Cardinals, the right of electing to the see
of Rome vested in them by Nicholas II.
in xi cent. ii. 150 and e; their origin
and rights, 152 and h, i; divided into
two classes of Cardinal Bishops and
Cardinal Clerks, 153; and the meaning
of these terms, 154 and n; their college
augmented by Alexander III. 155.

in Rome, their number, iii. 126';
what incapable of being elected to the
see of Rome, 127 and b.

Cario, an eminent historian among the
Lutherans, iii. 218.

Carolostadt, his intemperate zeal and
warm debates with Luther, iii. 232;
excites a tumult at Wittemberg, ibid.
and g; leaves Wittemberg, and opposes
the sentiments of Luther concerning
the Eucharist, ibid. and h; propagates
his doctrine in Switzerland, 233; fa-
vourable disposition toward the Ana-
baptists, and enthusiastical teachers,
ibid. charged with fanaticism, ibid. and i.
Carmelites, a monastic order, their rise in
xii cent. ii. 279; founded by Albert,
patriarch of Jerusalem, ibid. their rule
of discipline, ibid. and t; unwarrant-

able pretence to a very remote antiqui-
ty, and that Elias was their founder,
ibid. and u; the absurd arguments
brought in support of this pretence,
279; their arrival in England, 280; sub.
fin. not. y; transplanted into Europe,
and favoured by Honorius III. Pope,
369; reformation introduced among
them in xv cent. iii. 148; divisions
among them, ibid. and 149.

Caro, Cher, Hugo de St. his Concordance
to the Bible, the first that appeared, ii.
400 and 1; collects the various readings
of the Hebrew, Latin, and Greek Bi-
bles, ibid.

Carpathius, John, his moral writings, i.
515.

Carpathias, Philo, his character, i. 359.
Carpocrates, an Egyptian Gnostic, i. 181;
his impious tenets, which destroy all
virtue, 182.

Cartes, M. des, an astronomer, iii. 431;
his character, 438; philosophy, 439;
method adopted by him, and the clergy
alarmed, 440; charged with atheism,
ibid. opposed by other sects, and the
consequences to science, 440; his me-
thod applauded, yet several faults found
in it, 441; Gassendi his chief adversary,
ibid. has a great number of followers,
442; metaphysical, improved and pro-
pagated with success, 445; by Male-
branche and Leibnitz, with the charac-
ter of cach, ibid. and r.
Cartesian controversy in Holland, an ac-
count of, iv. 115; philosophy, why
considered as a system of impiety, 116;
edicts against it, but ineffectual, ibid.
Carthusians, a monastic order, its rise in
xi cent. ii. 189; founder and severe
laws, ibid. and h; why so few nuns of
that order, 190 and k.

Cassian, his character, i. 355 and q.
Cassidorus, his character, i. 418; exposi-
tions of Scripture, 420.

Castalio, Sebastian, opposes Calvin, and
his character, iii. 316 and y; is banish-
ed Geneva, and received into Basil,
ibid. and z.

Castilions, the extraordinary method used
by them to determine the superior ex-
cellence of the Roman and Gothic ser-
vice in xi cent. ii. 217.

Castilione, Gilbert de, refutes the Jews in
xii cent. ii. 299.

Casuists, ancients, not so good as the Lu-
theran, iii. 227.

Catechumens, an order of Christians in the
early ages of the Church, i. 88; how
distinguished from believers, 100; not
admitted to the sacrament, 307.
Catharists, Paulicians, so called in xi cent.
ii. 220; their unhappy state in xii cent.
308 and p; resemble the Manichæans
in their doctrine, and hence called by
that name, ibid. their tenets, ibid. and
VOL. IV.

52

q; two principal sects, ibid. their doc.
trine and subdivisions, 309; sentiments
concerning the birth of Christ, ibid.
church constitution, discipline, 310 & u.
Cedrenus, a historian in xi cent. ii. 136.
Celestine I. Pope, sends Palladius and
Patrick to convert the Irish in v cent.
i. 336.
III. Pope, excommunicates the
Emperor, the Duke of Austria, the
King of Gallicia and Leone, ii. 272.

V. Pope, obnoxious to the cler-
gy, and why, ii. 363; his good charac-
ter, ibid. resigns the papal chair, and is
founder of the Celestines, ibid. is saint-
ed, ibid.

Cellites, their rise at Antwerp in xiv cent.
ii. 484; called Alexians and Lollards,
with the reason, 485 and u; their fame
and progress, 486, 487; oppressed by
the clergy, ibid. privileges granted them
by the Popes, 487.

Celsus, his objections against Christianity
refuted by Origen, i. 135.

Celts, learning among them in i cent. i. 83,
their Druids and priests eminent for
their wisdom, ibid.

Cene, Charles le, propagates Pajon's doc-
trine, see Pajon, iv. 90; bis singular
translation of the Bible condemned,
ibid. and b; he rejects the doctrine of
original sin and human impotence, &c.
ibid. and c.

Century, i its Ecclesiastical history, i. 29.
-ii cent. 123.-iii cent. 191.-iv cent.
245. v cent. 331.-vi cent. 377.-vii
cent. 439.-viii cent. 477.-ix cent. ii.
3.-x cent. 73.-xi cent. 119.-xii cent.
227.-xiii cent. 323.-xiv cent. 441.-
xv cent. 507.--xvi cent. iii. 9.- Appen-
dix 1. 383.-xvii cent. 102.-xviii cent.
iv. 183.-Appendix II. 214.-Appendix
III. 226.

Cerdo, founder of an heretical sect in
Asia, i. 175; his principles and tenets,

176.

Ceremonies, rites, two only instituted by
Christ, i. 104; the Jewish retained in
some, but not at all places, 105; why
multiplied in ii cent. 162-165; the es-
teem of modern Platonism a cause of
their increase in iii cent. 226; their bur-
den in iv cent. apparent from a saying
of Augustin, 301; how multiplied in
v cent. with a general view of the new
rites, which are attended with much
pomp, i. 369; several introduced into
the Romish ritual in vii cent. 463; ad-
ditions by every Pope, with several
examples, ibid. their origin, nature,
and ends, become the subjects of many
writers in xi cent. 61; these writings
considered as to their use, ibid. a general
account of them in this cent. 62; many
of them drawn from Pagan rites 64 and
k; their increase, and the nature of

them in x cent. 113; of the Romish
church, imposed on all the western
churches, 216; the superior excellence
of the Latin or Gothic ritual left to be
determined by single combat and fiery
trial in Castile, 217; absurdity of per-
forming divine worship in an unknown
tongue, which prevails both in the La-
tin and Eastern churches, ibid. the
eagerness of the Grecian Bishops to in-
crease their ritual in xii cent. ii. 303;
multiplied in xiii cent. 415; ridiculous,
and those instituted in relation to the
Eucharist, 416 and r; many and use-
less ceremonies remain in xvi cent. iii.
179; where most prevalent, ibid. and

n.

Cerinthus, founder of an heretical sect in

i cent. i. 119; blends the doctrines of
Christ with the errors of the Jews and
Gnostics, and how, ibid. 120; an advo-
cate for the millennium, and promises
his followers a sensual paradise for a
thousand years, and an endless life in
the celestial world, ibid.
Celurarius, Michael, patriarch of Constan-
tinople, revives the controversy be-
tween the Greeks and Latins in xi cent.
ii. 202; accuses the Latins of various
errors, and resents the Pope's arro-
gance, 203; violent measures used on
both sides, ibid. and 204; adds new ac-
cusations, ibid.

Chains, what so called by the Latins, i.
421.

Chais, his letters concerning the jubilee
commended, ii. 238, a; 419, x.
Chalcedon, fourth general council, called
by Marcian the Emperor, i. 385; the
legates of Leo I. Pope, preside at the
council, ibid. condemns, deposes, and
banishes Dioscorus, ibid. annuls the
acts of the second council at Ephesus,
ibid. the doctrine relating to Christ es-
tablished here, what, ibid. the melan-
choly consequences of this council, ibid.
Chalcidius, his notions of the agreement
between the Christian and Pagan reli-
gions, i. 261; this philosopher not alone
in this opinion, ibid. whether a Chris-
tian or not, i. 401, n.

Chapters, controversy about the three, in

vi cent. i. 425 and o; condemned by
Justinian, and warm opposition, ibid.
Charenton, synod of, pacificatory attempts
at, in xvii cent. iv. 8; but ineffectual,
9 and h.

Charity, feast of, called Agapæ, what, i.

61; celebrated at the conclusion of the
Sacrament of the Lord's Supper, 108;
suppressed in v cent. i. 370.
Charlemagne, his expedition against the
Saxons in viii cent. i. 481; his design
of propagating Christianity, ibid. the
aversion of the Saxons to the gospel,
and whence, ibid. and h his methods

for converting and retaining the Saxons,
ibid. i; is canonized, 482; the judgment
to be formed of his conversions, 483;
his attempts against the Saracens not
very successful, 485; revives learning
among the Latins, through the assist-
ance of Alcuin, 487; if founder of the
university of Paris, considered, 488; bis
munificence to the Roman pontiff, and
the cause, 492 and n; his grant to the
see of Rome, and its extent uncertain,
498 and u; the motives to which this
grant is to be attributed, 499; opportu-
nity opened for the western empire,
which he embraces, ibid. and w; his
rights, and the papal right to dispose of
an empire, considered, ibid. and y
500; his works, 507; exposition and
zeal for the study of the Scriptures, 510;
misses his aim, and how, 511 and g;
assembles a council at Frankfort, at
which the worship of images was unani-
mously condemned, 521 and z; his at-
tachment to the Romish ritual, 523; at-
tempts to stop the progress of supersti-
tion, how rendered ineffectual, 524.
Charles the Bald, a great patron of letters
and the sciences, ii. 12.

Charles V. Emperor, is persuaded to pre-
vent the issuing of any unjust edict
against Luther, iii. 43; unwilling to of-
fend the Pope, he calls a diet at Worms,
at which Luther is banished, 44; ratifies
the sentence of Luther's banishment,
ibid. and r; his interview with the Pope
at Bologna, about calling a general
council, and the answer of Clement VII.
to his request, 59, 60; is an advocate
for Papal authority at the diet of Augs-
burg, 72; concludes a peace with the
Lutherans, and the conditions of it, 76;
listens to the sanguine councils of Paul
III: 83; his designs give occasion to the
Protestants to take up arms, ibid. raises
an army against the Protestant princes,
for opposing the council of Trent, 84;
his base and perfidious behaviour to
Philip Landgrave of Hesse, 85 and y;
his real views, 89; disconcerted by
Maurice of Saxony, 90; his attempts to
impose on the Germans the edict called
Interim, and consequence, 240.
Charles I. of England, his character, iii.
464; three principal objects of his ad-
ministration, iv. 95; intrusts the exe-
cution of his plan to Land, ibid. his
proclamation in favour of Calvinism
perverted by Laud, 96, sub. not. m; dis-
sensions between him and the Parlia-
ment increase, 98; the latter abolish
Episcopal government, and bring the
King to the scaffold, ibid. reflections
upon this event, and the conduct of the
Puritans, ibid.

II. patron of arts, iii. 432; his
character, 465 and 1; state of the