敢弗于從=予何敢盡欲用|-comp. 天命弗僭, in the ‘An下而不從爾勿征之言乎, nouncement of Tang, p. 5. The answer to this is given in the next clause. It was not merely a question between the oracles and the contrary opinions of many of the princes and officers. There was the example of king Woo and his ministers; and there was the duty of Ching to accomplish the work which his father had begun. These were potent considera tions to go into the scale. They would determine in favour of the expedition, even if the oracles were not so decided. As the oracles were so entirely in favour of it, however, there could be there ought at least to be-no hesitation in going forward. = √ × ± ₺ 寧人有指疆土 This is Gan-kwo's explanation of the words, and I have not met with any other so satisfactory. [We have thus got to the end of 'The Great Announcement,' the style of which is at least as rugged and difficult as that of 'The Pwan-kang.' Notwithstanding the uncertainty which attaches to the interpretation of particular passages, however, I cannot but believe that the transla tion gives, with tolerable correctness, the general meaning of the Book. In the year B.C. 7, when was Mang, the duke of Han (4), acting as regent of the empire, and designed to usurp the throne, he published an announcement modelled upon that of the duke of Chow. He incorporated the text of the Show with his own statements in a very remarkable way. Këang Shing and some others undertake to correct the text of the Shoo from Mang's Announcement, which ought not, however, to be appealed to for that purpose. It answers very well to show the general view which Mang and the scholars about him took of our Book. Mang's Announce His only error is in referring 寜人 to king | ment is preserved in the 前漢書第五 天命不 十四卷翟方進傳] Wăn, instead of king Woo. BOOK. VIII. THE CHARGE TO THE VISCOUNT OF WEI. 1 窮咸于其統古王 ◎休王禮承崇 永家物先德 呼世與作王象 節 王元子 乃無國賓修賢稽殷 "The king speaks to the following effect:-"Ho! eldest son of the king of Yin, in accordance with the statutes of antiquity, that the honouring of the virtuous belongs to their descendants who resemble them in worth, do you continue the line of the kings your ancestors, cultivating their ceremonies and taking care of their various relics. Be a guest also in our royal house, enjoying the prosperity of our kingdom, for ever and ever without end. THE NAME OF THE BOOK-his family before king Woo. Some points in K'e presented himself with the sacrificial vessels 'The charge to the viscount of Wei.', -see on the name of the 11th Book of the preceding Part.命 -see on the name of the 8th Book of the same part. that account may be called in question, but there can be no doubt that K'e was honourably received and treated. When it is said that Woo restored him to his former office, I understand that he confirmed him in his appanage of Wei, so that he continued to be 'the viscount of Wei,' up to the date of this Charge, when he was appointed to be the duke of Sung (宋), there to continue the sacrifices to T'ang, his ancestor and the founder of the dynasty of Shang. The prefatory note says:-'King Ching having made an end of the appointment in favour of the House of Yin, and put Woo-káng to death, he appointed K'e, the viscount of Wei, to take the place of the descendants of Yin. Descriptive of this there was made The charge to the In the first of the concluding notes to the viscount of Wei.' This no doubt states correct-Completion of the War,' I have quoted a pasly the time and occasion when the Charge' was made. We saw on 'The viscount of Wei,' how K'e was advised by his friends to withdraw from the court of Show and save himself from the destruction which was impending over the tyrant and his House; we saw also the account given by Sze-ina Ts'een of the guise in which sage from the Bk. 樂記of the Le Ke, in which it is said that king Woo, after his victory over Show, when he had descended from his chariot, sent the representative of the House of Yin to Sung.' From this statement, some have contended that K'e's investiture with the th The text is very concise, and it takes dukedom of Sung was from Woo and not from Ching, and was before the revolt which ended in the death of Woo-kăng and not after it. But many characters to bring forth its meaning; the editors of Yung-ching's Shoo have given but the explanation is, no doubt, correct. To the good reasons why the authority of Sze-ma ancient statutes, which prescribed the honourTs'een, and the preface to the Shoo, should be ing and sacrificing to the founders of former preferred in this matter to that of the ynasties, we have a reference in the Le Ke, Bk. If the merits of the men had been the sole, Pt. i, p. 12, where it is said, ✯ ground for Woo's arrangements, he would have 子存二代之後猶尊賢也 at once appointed either of the viscounts of Wei or Ke to continue the sacrifices to Tang and The emperor prethe other sovereigns of his line, but there were, we can easily conceive, reasons of state, which determined him to make trial, in the first place, of Woo-kăng, as being the son of Show. The Book is only found in the text of Gan kwŎ. serves representative descendants of two dynasties, still honouring the worth of their founders. This honouring of ancient worth does not go beyond two dynasties.' In what the honouring was displayed, is partly indicated in the remainder of the paragraph. 統承先 CONTENTS. The duke of Chow, as regent of the empire, and in the name of king Ching, tells the empire gathered under one rule is the viscount that in accordance with the statutes of antiquity, and because of his own worth, he is selected to continue the line of the sovereigns, his ancestors. The virtues of Tang and of the viscount are then celebrated, and he is charged to go and be prosperous, taking care so to conduct his administration that the new called. Here the sovereigns of Shang are conceived of as all gathered up or collected in the person of K'e, who should henceforth, in himself and his descendants in the dukedom of Sung, stand forth as their representative. dynasty of Chow might never have occasion-by to be weary of him. The Book is very short, consisting only of five paragraphs. P. 1. The grounds on which the viscount of Wei was called to be the representative of the kings of his line, with some of his duties and privileges. 王若日猷 -see on the last Book, p. 1. we are to understand 典禮 'the canons and ceremonies,' the institutions of Shang which had distinguished it from other dynasties; and by we are to understand, the literary monuments E ̃ ̃-πand other precious relics of the dynasty,'-car - 7, or £7, eldest son.' "The king of Yin' is 'Te-yih (Z), the father both of K'e and Show. How K'e, though older than Show, did not succeed to the throne, has been explained on page 274. Some critics, supposing that is equivalent to 'heir-apparent,' and cannot be otherwise applied, have contended on that ground against the authenticity of this Book, but to my mind there is no force in the objection. The is simply 'the eldest son ;'-he may be the heirapparent, but not necessarily. That idea does not form a part of the significance of the phrase. riages, flags, dresses, &c. The descendants of K'e held the dukedom of Sung till nearly the end of the Chow dynasty, but by the time of Confucius many of the ceremonies and relics which it was their business to preserve were lost. The sage bewailed this, and said, 'I am able to describe the ceremonies of the Yin dynwords. It cannot do so because of the insufasty, but Sung cannot sufficiently attest my ficiency of its records and wise men' (Con. Ana., III. ix.). See the introductory note on the Praise-songs of Shang,' in the third Part of the She King. 作賓至無第一 the representatives of the two previous dynasties were distinguished above the other princes of the empire by being denominated 'guests' of the 稽古崇德象賢-稽古 emperor of the dynasty then existing, as meeting him more on a footing of equality. See on the 'Canon of Yaou,' p. 1; the She-king, Part. III., the Praise-songs of see Chow," Bk, III., Song ii., 振鷺于飛于 彼西雝我客止亦有斯 聖王之有德者則尊崇而 奉祀之也崇德 means that the virtuous of the ancient sage sovereigns were 容. See also in the 左傳僖二十 四年一宋先代之後也於周 爲客天子有事焉有喪 拜焉 honoured and sacrificed to;象賢謂其 後子孫有象先聖王之賢 者則命之主也象賢 means that he among the descendants of those ancient sage kings who resembled them in talents and virtue was appointed to preside over the sacrifices to them.' These are the explana tions of Ts'ac, similar to those of Gan-kwo. He adds:- 古制尊崇成湯之 德以微子象賢而奉其 VOL. III. On this part Ts'ae gives some observations of Leu Tsoo-heen, which deserve a place in any commentary:- 48 2 德恭聞修後功以誕廣和 神恪厥裔。 寬受 篤人慎鱿○ 于 除厥 予克舊爾時 嘉孝有惟德邪撫 廣淵皇天 上乃肅合踐垂 粛合踐垂虐民佑聖 'Oh! your ancestor, T'ang the Successful, was reverent and sage, vast and deep in his virtue. The favour and help of Great Heaven lighted upon him, and he received the great appointment, to soothe the people by his gentleness, and to remove their wicked oppressions. His achievements affected all his age, and his virtue was 3 transmitted to his posterity. And you are the one who pursue and cultivate his plans;-this praise belongs to you of old. Reverently and carefully you discharge your filial duties; gravely and respectfully you behave to spirits and to men. I admire your virtue, and pronounce it great, and not to be forgotten. God will always 慾基奧 助愛養欲其與國咸休 除其邪虐 time,' his own age. 後裔,‘his posterity.’ Choo He observes that properly denotes the bottom of the skirt of a garment the superfluity of it, and from this is applied to express a man's posterity. P. 3. The worthiness of K'e, which made him fit to be selected to render the honour due to Tang. 踐修厥猷猷一道,‘ways' or the ground of the phrase 與國咸休 it plans; 踐一履其後, 'to tread in the steps being supposed that the empire would not be denominated merely; but the objection is as of T'ang's ways.' expresses the earnestness with which he sought to carry the plans into futile as that taken from the use of 元子, practice. 令間‘a good reputation' 恪 which has been already pointed out. Compare-Lin Che-k'e joins these two the language of the last Bk., p. 4, and of 'The Metal-bound Coffer,' p. 18. P.2. The virtue of Tang, the founder of the Shang dynasty, which made him worthy to be honoured. 齊=莊or肅 reverent," i.e., gravely and reverently attending to all his duties. clauses together, and supposes that they refer 忘-篤厚而不可忘 篤不 上帝 皇天佑誕受厥命 天 --comp. in the 'T'ae-kën,' Pt. i. p. 2, is to enjoy the savour of offer 厥德用集大命撫民以寬 ings.' K'e. being the representative of the sovereigns of Shang, had the privilege of offering 4 休無萬律以慎夏建帝 斁邦子乃蕃乃 ○爾 一有 王 無替朕命 四 欽于歆 往公民 鳴式 式人 民生命 命呼俾世 乃 有享 敷尹祇 烈典乃兹協 惟周德位祖 祖常訓東庸 enjoy your offerings; the people will be reverently harmonious under your sway. I raise you, therefore, to the rank of High Duke, to rule this eastern part of our great land. 'Be reverent. Go and diffuse abroad your instructions; be carefully observant of your robes and various other symbols of your appointment; follow and observe the proper statutes!-so as to prove a bulwark to the royal House. Enlarge the fame of your meritorious ancestor; be a law to your people!-so as for ever to preserve your dignity. So also shall you be a help to me the one man; future ages will enjoy the benefit of your virtue; all the States will take you for a pattern!— and thus you will make our dynasty of Chow never weary of you. 5 Oh! go, and be prosperous. Do not disregard my charge. the great solstitial sacrifice to God. It is with reference to this that it is said God would always, or at the appointed season of sacrifice, accept his offerings. 庸一用,所以, 'therefore,' according to the frequent usage of 用in the Shoo. 尹兹東夏-尹一治, ‘to rule.' Sung, the pres. dep. of Kwei.tih in Ho-nan, lay east from Fung and Haou, the capi tals of Wăn and Woo, which were in the pres. dep. of Se-gan, Shen-se. | carriage, flag, &c., appropriate to his rank, and which were the accompaniments of his investi ture:-see the Le-ke,Bk.王制 Pt. ii, p. 7. He is charged to be carefully-cautiously observant of them, not transgressing the pro per statutes. He must not indulge the ambitious thoughts which had brought ruin on Woo-kăng. 以蕃王室-蕃-屏衞to sereen and defend'藩 is more common in 律乃有民-Gan-kwǒ this sense. [In the 左傳僖十二年, we have we have says:-以法度齊汝所有之民, 'with laws regulate your people.' But this an address to the famous Kwan Chung, evidently does not give all the emphasis of the text. The modelled on the text of this par. and the(next: -王日舅氏余嘉乃勳應乃 ‘Daily Explanation’has better:一儀型爾 懿德謂督不忘往踐乃職,宋之有民而作之師毗 無逆命 Pp. 4, 5. Charges, Cautions, and Encourage ments addressed to Ke 4. 慎乃服命 ‘to assist.’ Gan-kwo and all the critics after him make 5. 往哉惟休一 惟休務休美爾政, ‘make your government prosperous and good I do not see as a High duke, K'e had the robes and cay, the the necessity for this. |