十二章. 叔孫僑如帥師圍棘 左傳日三年春諸侯伐鄭次于伯牛討邲之役也遂東使鄭鄭公 大雪 克衛孫良夫伐廧 孫良夫盟 子偃師師禦之使東鄙覆諸凱敗諸丘輿皇戌如楚獻捷 夏公如晉拜汶陽之田 許恃楚而不事鄭鄭子伐許 今晉人歸楚公子穀臣與連尹襄老之尸於楚以求知罃於是荀 十又一月晉侯使荀 也臣實不才叉誰敢怨王日然則德我乎對日二國圖其社稷而 求緑其民各懲其忿以相宥也兩釋纍囚以成其好二國有好 不聘衞侯使孫良夫 不與及其誰敢德王日子歸何以報我對日臣不任受怨君亦不 在受德無怨無德不知所報王日雖然必告不穀對日以君之靈 纍臣得歸骨于晉寡君之以爲戮死且不朽若從之惠而免之 午及荀庚盟丁未及 我遇君之外臣首首其請於寬君而以戮於宗亦死且不朽若不 狸命而使嗣宗職次及於事而帥偏師以修封疆雖遇執事其弗 秋叔孫僑如圍棘取汶陽之田棘不服故圍之 衞在卿, 其楚瑩 侯卿二也。 功人 君也寡朝賞月, 敢 之乎 於鞏甲 十禮晉中中 有之 其 今十二月甲戌晉作六軍韓厥趙括鞏朔韓穿荀趙旃 皆爲卿賞鞌之功也 笑辱也 今齊侯朝於晉將授玉郤 矣。侯 克 韓享趨 大大下位諸 夫,下為臧 下當上宣 當其卿 L 冬失晉 十民 盟其上將 丁 卿位良 國當在 未也之大三來 聘 晉郤克衛孫長夫伐廧咎如討赤狄之餘焉廧咎如潰上 III. 1 In his third year, in spring, in the king's first month, the duke joined the marquis of Tsin, the duke of Sung, the 2 3 marquis of Wei, and the earl of Ts'aou, in invading Ch'ing. On Sin-hae there was the burial of duke Muh of Wei. In the second month, the duke arrived from the invasion of Ch'ing. 4 On Keah-tsze the new temple took fire, when we wailed 5 6 9 for it three days. On Yih-hae there was the burial of duke Wăn of Sung. 7 K'eu-tsih, duke [Muh's] son, of Ch'ing led an army, and invaded Heu. 8 The duke arrived from Tsin. In autumn, Shuh-sun K'eaou-joo led an army, and laid siege to Keih. 10 There was a grand sacrifice for rain. 11 Këoh Kih of Tsin, and Sun Lëang-foo of Wei, invaded the 12 In winter, in the 11th month, the marquis of Tsin sent 13 14 On Ping-woo we made a covenant with Seun Kăng, and Par. 1. This par. shows how the weaker States oscillated between the two great ones of Tsin and Ts'oo, making covenants with them, and immediately after breaking them, according as the pressure came from them. Loo, Sung, Wei, and Ts'aou had all been parties with Ch'ing to the covenant at Shuh, in which the presidency of Ts'oo was acknowledged, only two months before this; yet here they are, at the summons of Tsin, banded together with it, and invading Ching. The Chuen says:-In the 3d year, in spring, the States [mentioned] invaded Ching, when their armies halted at Pih-nëw; the object being to avenge the battle of Peih [? Sufficient reasons for the attack of Ch'ing may be found without going back so far as that battle]. A detachment then proceeded eastwards into the country, which was met by duke [Muh's] son, Yen, who defeated it at K'ew-yu, having previously placed an ambuscade at Man in the eastern borders. Hwang Seuh proceeded to Ts'oo with the trophies of this victory.' As the last earl of Ts'aou and the marquis of Wei were both unburied, their successors should not be mentioned here by their titles, but sim ply as 衞子 and 曹子, according to the analogy of in V. ix. 2. Why this 'violation of rule,' as Too calls it, is committed here, we cannot tell. The failure of the enterprise is also kept back. Par. 2. Kung-yang has for. The interment took place a month behind the proper time. The delay was probably occasioned by the expedition against Ch'ing. tinguished, or nearly so, the State of Heu in the 11th year of duke Yin. The young prince of Heu recovered his patrimony in the 15th year of duke Hwan; after which the text records sundry invasions of Heu by Ch'ing, till the 6th year of duke He, when Ts'oo laid siege to its capital, and Ching was obliged to cease from troubling Heu in deference to that stronger power. For some reason or other, Ch'ing now thought fit to revive its ancient claims. Par. 8. [The Chuen introduces here the following narrative, a sequel partly to the first introduced after par. 5 of last year:-'The people of Tsin restored the Kung-tsze_Kuh-shin and the body of the Leen-yin, Sëang Laou, asking that Che Ying might be sent to Tsin in exchange for them. At this time Seun Show, [Che Ying's father], was assistant-commander of [Tsin's] army of the centre, and on that account Ts'oo agreed to the exchange. When the king was sending Che Ying away, he said to him, "Do you feel resentment against me?" Ying replied, "Our two States were trying the appeal to battle, when I, through my want of ability, proved unequal to the duties of my position, became a prisoner, and, lost my left That your servants did not take my blood to smear their drums with [See Mencius, I. Pt. I. vii. 4], and that you now send me back to have to blame only my own want of ability; Tsin to be punished there, is your kindness. I ear. against whom should I feel resentment?" "Then," continued the king, "do you feel grateful to me?" "Our two States," was the reply, "consulting for the [security of] their altars, and seeking to relieve the toils of their people, are curbing their anger, and exercising a mutual forgiveness. Each is giving up its prisPar. 4. By, 'the new temple,' we oner, to establish the good understanding beare to understand the temple or shrine-house of what is contemplated; there is no special refertween them. The good of the two States is duke Seuen. So Kung-yang says expressly-ence to my [good]:-to whom should I presume ĦAŻE, and Kuh-lëang has, to the same effect,禰宮 The three years of mourning for him had been completed, and his Spirit-tablet had been solemnly and regularly inducted into the shrine-house proper to it [See on IV. ii. 2], when thus, shortly after, it took fire. It was according to rule for duke Ching and his ministers to wail 3 days on such an occurrence. Par. 5. The extravagant interment given to duke Wăn is described on p. 5 of last year. Perhaps it was in the same spirit that the funeral was delayed, as if he had been emperor, till the 7th month after his death. Par. 6. Tso-she says that the duke now went to Tsin to make his acknowledgments for the lands of Wăn-yang, which Tsin had compelled Ts'e to restore to Loo. Par. 7. K'eu-tsih was the name of Tsze lëang (子良) a son of duke Muh of Ching, who appears, very creditably to himself, in the Chuen on VII. iv. 3. Tso says that he now invaded Heu, because that State, relying on the protection of Tsoo, would not serve Ching. It will be remembered how the earl of Ching ex to be grateful?" The king went on to ask, "When you return to Tsin, how will you repay me?" Ying replied, "I have nothing for which to feel resentment, and your lordship has nothing for which to demand gratitude. Where there is no resentment and no gratitude, I do not know what is to be repaid." "Yes," urged the king, "but you must give me an answer." Ying then said, "If, through your lordship, I, your prisoner, get back with my bones, to Tsin, should my ruler there order me to execution, in death I will remember your kindness. If by your kindness I escape that fate, and am delivered to [my father] Show, who is not a minister of Tatoo, then should he request permission from our ruler, and execute me in our ancestral temple, I will still in death remember your kindness. If he should not obtain permission to inflict such a doom, but I be appointed to the troubles then arise, and I be leading a troop to office hereditary in my family; and should look after the borders of Tsin, and meet with your officers, I will not presume to avoid them. I will do my utmost, even to death, and with an undivided heart discharge my duty as a servant [of Tsin]: it is thus I will repay you.” The king said, "Tsin is not to be contended with." He then treated Ying with exceeding courtesy, and sent him back to Tsin.'] Par. 9. Tso observes that when Loo took or received from Ts'e the lands of Wan-yang, the city of Keih refused its submission, and in consequence Shuh-sun K'eaou-joo now laid siege to it, and, we must suppose, took it. According to this, Keih was in the territory of Wan-yang. It is referred to the pres. dis. of Fei-shing, dep. T'ae-gan. Par. 10. See on II. v. 7. Par. 11. The tribe of Tsëang-kaou-joo is mentioned in the last Chuen on V. xxiii., where we also learn that the surname of the chief was 隗· Kung-yang gives the name with a | the lowest; the 2d degree to the great State's highest class of great officers, and the 3d degree to the second class. These are the relations of high and low [as concerns ministers and great officers], fixed by ancient rule. Now Wei, as compared with Tsin, cannot be regarded as a State of the 2d degree; and Tsin is lord of covenants:-give the precedence to it." [Accordingly], on Ping-woo a covenant was made with Tsin, and on Ting-we, with Wei;-which was right.. Par. 14. [We have here three narratives ap pended in the Chuen:-1st. In the 12th month, on Keah-seuh, Tsin constituted six armies [See the Chuen at the end of V.xxviii.]. Han Keueh, Chaou Kwoh, Kung Soh, Han Ch'uen, Seun 將 Chuy, and Chaou Chen, were all made high instead of 廧, and Kuh-lëang with a牆. Tso 6 she says that the reason for the expedition was that the Tsëang-kaou-joo were a remnant of the Red Teih. He adds, When it is said, “The Tsëang Kaou-joo dispersed," we are to understand that the chief bad lost his hold on the people.' Parr. 12, 13. The Chuen says:-'In winter, in the 11th month, the marquis of Tsin sent Seun Kǎng to Loo on a friendly mission, and to renew the covenant [between Loo and Tsin] 「That made at Chih-keih, in Ching's 1st yearj. The marquis of Wei [also] sent Sun Lëang-foo on a similar mission, and to renew the covenant between Loo and Wei [That in the 7th year of duke Seuen]. The duke consulted Tsang Seuenshuh saying, "The station of Chung-hang Pih (Seun Kăng) in Tsin is that of a minister of the 3d degree, while Sun-tsze is in Wei its minister of the 1st degree. With which shall I covenant first?” Seuen-shuh replied, " A minister of the 1st degree in a second-rate State corresponds to one of the 2d degree in a great State; its 2d degree corresponds to the great State's 3d; and its 3d degree to the great State's great officers of the highest class. In a small State, the minister of the 1st degree corresponds to a great State's of 鄭冬秋 | ministers,-in reward for their services at Gan.' 2d. The marquis of Ts'e paid a court-visit to Tsin. When he was about to deliver his symbol of jade, Këoh Kih ran forward and said, This visit is on account of the laughter of your lordship's women, and the disgrace thereby inflicted [on me] [See the Chuen on VII.xvii.5]; our ruler dare not accept this ceremony." When the marquis of Tsin was feasting him of Ts'e, the latter looked [stedfastly] at Han Keueh, who said, “ Does your lordship know me?" “ Your clothes are different," was the reply [See the account of the battle of Gan, p.3 of last year]. Han Keueh ascended the steps with a cup of spirits, and said, 'I did not presume not to risk my life, in order that your lordships might meet in this hall."" 66 6 3d. When Seun Ying was [a prisoner] in Ts'oo, a merchant of Ching formed a plan to convey him out of it in a bag of clothes. The plan was not carried out; but when Ts'oo had restored Ying, the merchant went to Tsin, where Ying treated him as well as if he had really delivered him. The merchant said, " I did not do the service, and dare I receive this treatment as if I had done it? I am but a small man, and must not for my own advantage impose on a superior man." He then went to Ts'e..] Fourth year. 許夏卒三元四 伯城公鄭卒。四 伐鄆。至襄 月, 月來年 王聘。春 許。 自公公甲伯申 晉。 如寅來鄭 晉.臧朝。伯 公使華 足以知二國之成 今晉趙嬰通于趙莊姬 佐伯 鄭之伐月 反首鄭十 2子荀陂冬止。其侯可秋之免夏左 易日, In the [duke's] fourth year, in spring, the duke of Sung sent Hwa Yuen to Loo on a friendly mission. In the third month, on Jin-shin, Kêen, earl of Ching, died. The earl of Ke paid a court-visit to Loo. Heu died. 5 The duke went to Tsin. In summer, in the fourth month, on Këah-yin, Tsang-sun 6 There was the burial of duke Seang of Ch'ing. 7 In autumn, the duke arrived from Tsin. 8 In winter, we walled Yun. Par. 1. Before this time, in all the period of | (吃), known as Tsang-sun Woo-chung (武 the Ch'un Ts'ëw, Sung had sent no friendly mission of inquiry to Loo. It had sent no response even to the mission of the Kung-tsze Suy in Wan's 11th year. There was probably some reason for Hwa Yuen's visit more than what Tso-she assigns,-that it was to open communication with Loo on the part of the new duke of Sung (通嗣君) Par. 2. On Too Yu's scheme of the calendar, Jin-shin was the 28th day of the 2d month. Par. 3. This earl of Ke was married to a daughter of Loo, of whose return to her native State, divorced, we read in the 1st par. of next year. Tso says the visit he now paid to the court of Loo was in preparation for that event; -to explain, that is, the reasons which made it see on VI. xii. 2. advisable. On the 伯 Par. 4. Heu had been an important officer of Loo. He was succeeded by his son, Heih 仲) Parr. 5,7. The Chuen says;-When the marquis of Tsin saw the duke, he did not behave to him with respect. Ke Wăn-tsze [Kesun Hăng-foo] said, "The marquis of Tsin is sure not to escape [a violent death]. The ode (She, IV. i. [iii.] III.) says, ‘Let me be reverent, let me be reverent. Heaven's method is clear; Its appointment is not easily preserved.' The appointment of the marquis of Tsin depends on the States; ought he not to treat them with respect?" In autumn, when the duke came [back]from Tsin, he wished to seek for a friendly understanding with Tsoo, and to revolt from Tsin; but Ke Wan-tsze said to him, ·You should not do so. Though Tsin has behaved unreasonably, we should not revolt from |
