PARADISE LOST.
LOST.

BOOK XI.

AS one who in his journey baits at noon,
Tho' bent on speed; so here the Archangel paus'd
Betwixt the world destroy'd and world restor❜d,
If Adam ought perhaps might interpose;
Then with transition sweet new speech resumes.
"Thus thou hast seen one world begin and end;
And man as from a second stock proceed.
Much thou hast yet to see, but I perceive
Thy mortal sight to fail; objects divine
Must needs impair and weary human sense.
Henceforth what is to come I will relate,
Thou therefore give due audience, and attend.
This second source of man, while yet but few,
And while the dread of judgment past remains
Fresh in their minds, fearing the Deity,
With some regard to what is just and right,
Shall lead their lives, and multiply apace,
Lab'ring the soil and reaping plenteous crop,
Corn, wine, and oil; and, from the herd or flock,
Oft sacrificing bullock, lamb, or kid,

With large wine-offerings pour'd, and sacred feast,
Shall spend their days in joy unblam'd, and dwell
Long time in peace, by families and tribes,
Under paternal rule: till one shall rise
Of proud ambitious heart, who, not content
With fair equality, fraternal state,
Will arrogate dominion undeserv'd
Over his brethren, and quite dispossess

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Concord and law of nature from the earth,

Hunting (and men not beasts shall be his game)
With war and hostile snare such as refuse
Subjection to his empire tyrannous :
A mighty hunter thence he shall be styl'd
Before the Lord, as in despite of Heaven,

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Or from Heav'n claiming second sovʼreignty;
And from rebellion shall derive his name,
Though of rebellion others he accuse.
He with a crew, whom like ambition joins
With him or under him to tyrannize,
Marching from Eden tow'ards the west, shall find
The plain, wherein a black bituminous gurge ‹
Boils out from under ground, the mouth of Hell:
Of brick, and of that stuff they cast to build

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A city' and tow'r, whose top may reach to Heav'n ;
And get themselves a name, lest, far dispers'd
In foreign lands, their memory be lost,
Regardless whether good or evil fame.
But God, who oft descends to visit men
Unseen, and through their habitations walks
To mark their doings, them beholding soon,
Comes down to see their city, ere the tower
Obstruct Heav'n-tow'rs, and in derision sets
Upon their tongues a various spirit to rase
Quite out their native language, and instead
To sow a jangling noise of words unknown.
Forthwith a hideous gabble rises loud
Among the builders; each to other calls

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Not understood, till hoarse, and all in rage,

Ridiculous, and the work Confusion nam'd."
Whereto thus Adam fatherly displeas'd.
"O execrable son, so to aspire
Above his brethren, to himself assuming

And looking down, to see the hubbub strange
And hear the din; thus was the building left

As mock'd, they storm: great laughter was in Heaven,

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Authority usurp'd, from God not given :
He gave us only over beast, fish, fowl
Dominion absolute; that right we hold
By his donation; but man over men
He made not lord: such title to himself
Reserving, human left from human free.
But this usurper his encroachment proud
Stays not on man; to God his tow'r intends

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Siege and defiance. Wretched man! what food
Will he convey up thither to sustain

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Himself and his rash army, where thin air
Above the clouds will pine his entrails gross,
And famish him of breath, if not of bread ?"

To whom thus Michael. Justly thou abhorr'st

That son, who on the quiet state of man

Such trouble brought, affecting to subdue
Rational liberty; yet know withal,
Since thy original lapse, true liberty

Is lost, which always with right reason dwells
Twinn'd, and from her hath no dividual being.
Reason in man obscur'd, or not obey'd,

Immediately inordinate desires

And upstart passions catch the government
From reason, and to servitude reduce

Man till then free. Therefore since he permits
Within himself unworthy pow'rs to reign
Over free reason, God in judgment just
Subjects him from without to violent lords;
Who oft as undeservedly inthrall
His outward freedom: tyranny must be,
Though to the tyrant thereby no excuse,
Yet sometimes nations will decline so low
From virtue, which is reason, that no wrong,
But justice, and some fatal curse annex'd,
Deprives them of their outward liberty,
Their inward lost. Witness th' irreverent son
Of him who built the ark, who for the shame

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Done to his father, heard this heavy curse,
"Servant of servants,' on his vicious race.
Thus will this latter, as the former world,
Still tend from bad to worse, till God at last,
Wearied with their iniquities, withdraw
His presence from among them, and avert
His holy eyes; resolving from thenceforth
To leave them to their own polluted ways;
And one peculiar nation to select

From all the rest, of whom to be invok'd,
A nation from one faithful man to spring:
Him on this side Euphrates yet residing,
Bred up in idol worship. O that men

(Canst thou believe?) should be so stupid grown,

While yet the patriarch liv'd, who scap'd the flood,
As to forsake the living God, and fall

To worship their own work in wood and stone

For Gods! Yet him God the most High vouchsafes
To call by vision from his father's house,

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His kindred and false Gods, into a land

Which he will show him, and from him will raise
A mighty nation, and upon him shower

His benediction so, that in his seed

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All nations shall be blest; he straight obeys,
Not knowing to what land, yet firm believes.
I see him, but thou canst not, with what faith
He leaves his Gods, his friends, and native soil
Ur of Chaldæa, passing now the ford
To Haran, after him a cumbrous train
Of herds and flocks, and numerous servitude;

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Not wand'ring poor, but trusting all his wealth
With God, who call'd him, in a land unknown.
Canaan he now attains; I see his tents
Pitch'd about Sechem, and the neighb’ring plain
Of Moreh; there by promise he receives
Gift to his progeny of all that land,

From Hamath northward to the desert south,

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(Things by their names I call, tho' yet unnam'd)
From Hernion east to the great western sea;
Mount Hermon, yonder sea, each place behold
In prospect, as I point them; on the shore
Mount Carmel; here the double-founted stream
Jordan, true limit eastward; but his sons
Shall dwell to Senir, that long ridge of hills.
This ponder, that all nations of the earth
Shall in his seed be blessed; by that seed
Is meant thy great deliverer, who shall bruise
The Serpent's head; whereof to thee anon
Plainlier shall be reveal'd. This patriarch blest,
Whom faithful Abraham due time shall call,
A son, and of his son a grand-child leaves,
Like him in faith, in wisdom, and renown;

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The grand-child with twelve sons increas'd departs

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From Canaan, to a land hereafter call'd

Egypt, divided by the river Nile;

See where it flows, disgorging at sev'n mouths

Into the sea: to sojourn in that land

He comes invited by a younger son

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In time of dearth; a son whose worthy deeds

Raise him to be the second in that realm

Of Pharaoh: there he dies, and leaves his race
Growing into a nation, and now grown
Suspected to a sequent king, who seeks
To stop their overgrowth, as inmate guests

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Too numerous, whence of guests he makes them slaves
Inhospitably', and kills their infant males:

Till by two brethren (those two brethren call
Moses and Aaron) sent from God to claim
His people from inthralment, they return

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With glory' and spoil back to their promis'd land.
But first the lawless tyrant, who denies
To know their God, or message to regard,
Must be compell'd by signs and judgments dire;
To blood unshed the rivers must be turn'd;

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