PART III.

COLONEL GORDON'S CAMPAIGN.

CHAPTER VIII.

THE ORGANISATION OF GORDON'S Force.

Chinese partiality for beautiful phraseology-The title "Ever-Victorious

Army"-Captain Holland's defeat at Taitsan, and Major Brennan's at

Fushan-Colonel Gordon appointed to command the E. V. A.-His pre-

vious services-Its officers and privates-Rates of pay-Its artillery and

small-arms-The punishments inflicted-Chinese aptitude for drill-

Colonel Gordon's flotilla-The steamer Hyson and Captain Davidson—

The auxiliary Imperialist force-Aptitude of the Chinese for war-For the

work of sappers-Colonel Gordon's tactics-Expenditure of the Chinese

Government-Colonel Gordon's view of his position and the authority

under which he acted,

123-141

CHAPTER IX.

GORDON'S FIRST VICTORIES.

Burgevine's visit to Peking-The British Minister wishes him restored to com-

mand-Colonel Gordon takes command of the E. V.A.-His Staff-Cap-

ture of Fushan-Gordon receives an Imperial commission, with the rank

of Tsung-ping-Governor Lí's opinion of the new commander-Descrip-

tion of the theatre of war-An amphibious boat-Tai-ping treachery at

Taitsan-Capture of Taitsan-Alleged Imperialist cruelties-Chinese

punishments-Letter from Colonel Gordon-A mutiny in the Force-Situa-

tion of Quinsan-A demon steamboat-Great destruction of Tai-pings—

Capture of Quinsan—It is made headquarters of the Force-Another

mutiny,

142-165

CHAPTER X.

BURGEVINE'S HISTORY AND FATE.

A third mutiny-Situation of Soochow-Gordon's troubles-Burgevine's

previous career-He joins the Tai-pings-Alarm caused in Shanghai-

Gordon's providential escape-The Foreign Allies desert the Rebels-Po-

lite interchanges between Burgevine and Jones-Burgevine attempts again

to join the Tai-pings-His seizure by the Chinese authorities-His re-

ported accidental death—The doubt which rests over his fate,

CHAPTER XI.

166-182

THE FALL OF SOOCHOW, AND THE EXECUTION OF ITS WANGS.

The investment of Soochow-Storming of Leeku-Gordon's "Magic Wand"

-Death of Captain Perry-Disposal of the besieging forces-The Faithful

King's apprehensions-Complete investment of Soochow-Pirating of the

steamer Firefly-A disastrous night-attack-Capture of the East Gate

stockades Negotiations for surrender-Murder of the Moh Wang-A

characteristic letter from Colonel Gordon-The capitulation of Soochow

-Gordon's perilous position-His grief and indignation-His search for

Governor Lí-Execution of the Wangs-Li's reasons for that act-Gordon

refuses to act, and rejects an Imperial douceur-Imperial decree regarding

the fall of Soochow,
183-208

CHAPTER XII.

GORDON'S FURTHER OPERATIONS.

Imperialist successes-Inactivity of the Ever-Victorious Army-Gordon's rea-

sons for retaking the field-Mr Hart's report on the Soochow "Massacre"

-Sir Frederick Bruce approves of the resumption of operations-A letter

from him-Gordon retakes the field-State of the country occupied by

Rebels-Evacuation of Yesing and Liyang-Severe repulse at Kintang-

Colonel Gordon wounded-Tai-ping advance towards Quinsan-Gordon

suffers a disastrous repulse at Waisoo-Fate of his captured officers-Im-

perialist successes in Chekiang-Death of General Ching-Li's memorial

of him-Taking of Hangchow-Capture of Waisoo-Cruelty of the vil-

lagers-The Rebellion near its end-Death of Major Tapp-Repulse at

Chanchu―A Tai-ping letter-Storming of Chanchu-Death of the Hu

Wang-Close of the services of the E. V. A.,

CHAPTER XIII.

THE DISSOLUTION OF GORDON'S FORCE, AND

A REVIEW OF ITS RESULTS.

209-240

Expulsion of the Tai-pings from Kiangnan-Recall of H.M. order permitting

British officers to serve the Emperor-Gordon determines, on his own re-

sponsibility, to dissolve his force—Appreciation of his conduct by the

Chinese Gratuities to wounded officers-Dissolution of the Ever-Victorious

Army-Distinctions conferred on Gordon-Imperial decree recognising his

services-anxiety of Sir Harry Parkes-Letter from Governor Lí, claiming

a chief share in the overthrow of the Tai-pings-Address to Colonel

Gordon from the merchants of Shanghai-The difficulties Gordon had to

encounter-Opinion of the 'Times'—An estimate of the military results

of his campaign-The political effects of his action-The Imperial mari-

time customs and the Lay-Osborn fleet-Mr Lay's attempt to make him-

self an imperium in imperio-His failure, and dismissal from the Chinese

service-His use of Sir F. Bruce's private letters-Appointment of Mr

Hart-The general effects of Gordon's action discussed,

CHAPTER XIV.

241-266

THE MEDICAL ARRANGEMENTS OF GORDON'S FORCE.

Rudimentary state of medical science in China-Assistant-Surgeon Moffitt's

services to Gordon's force-Capacity of the Chinese as soldiers-Malaria

-Organisation of the medical department-Hospital tables of disease-

Effects and cure of opium-smoking-Dysentery-Table of wounds received

in action-Cases of wounds,

267-277

PART IV.

THE END OF THE TAI-PINGS.

CHAPTER XV.

A VISIT TO TSENG KWO-FAN-SKETCHES OF NATIVE AND

ENGLISH OFFICIALS IN CHINA.

Tseng Kwo-tsun—View of Nanking and the Imperialist lines—Appearance

of Tseng Kwo-fan-Gordon's conversation with him-Generals Paou and

Ping-Chinese mandarins-Mandarin buttons-Ki Ying's history-His

ode on leaving Canton-His treatment by Lord Elgin, and his fate-Yeh

and Pih Kwei-Kweiliang and Hwashana-Sankolinsin-Su Shu-en and

the Princes of I and Ching-Shung Pow-Prince Kung-Wan See-ang,

the present Premier of China-Li Hung Chang-Tseng Kwo-fan, Gene-

ralissimo of all the Chinese forces-Sir John Bowring-Lord Elgin-Sir

Frederick Bruce-Sir R. Alcock-Mr Wade, Sir Harry Parkes, and Mr

Lay—Mr T. T. Meadows-Admiral Hope and Captain Dew-Generals

Staveley and Brown-Colonel Gordon and Mr Hart,

CHAPTER XVI.

THE FALL OF NANKING AND THE LAST STRUGGLES

OF THE TAI-PINGS.

281-317

The Tien Wang's indifference and seclusion-Sweet dew-His wisdom and

good fortune-Complete investment of Nanking-Despair of the Faithful

King—Last days of Hung Sew-tsuen-His death and burial—His son

Fu-tien ascends the throne-The fall of Nanking-Capture of the Faith-

ful King-His character and autobiography-His execution- Fate of the

Shield King and of the young monarch-State of Nanking when captured

-Report on its condition by Vice-Consul Adkins-Reception of the news

at Peking-Imperial decree-The fall of Wuchu-Experiences of Patrick

Nellis-Retreat of the Tai-ping remnant through Kiangsi into Fukien-

They appear at Changchow, near Amoy-Manifesto of the Attendant King

-Their dispersion and final disappearance-Fate of the I Wang,

CHAPTER XVII.

NIEN-FEI AND MOHAMMEDAN REBELS.

318-342

Meaning of the name Nien-fei-Origin of these rebels-Their character and

tactics-Weakness of the central government in China-Political parties

-Sankolinsin and Tseng Kwo-fan-Death of Sankolinsin-Varying for-

tune of the Nien-fei-Li Hung-chang appointed to the command against

them-His suppression of them-Relationships between China and Mo-

hammedanism-The Mohammedan Rebels in Shensi-Their retreat into

Kansuh-The province of Ili and its relation to China-The Miaoutsz

and Hakkas,

343-355

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER XVIII.

xi

THE PRESENT AND FUTURE OF CHINA.

China at present in a period of disturbance and transition-Causes of such

periods-Over-population—Falsehoods regarding the prevalence of infan-

ticide - Dangers of prosperity-China's present favourable position—

Crushing of the Nien-fei rebels-Degradation of Lí Hung-chang—Euro-

pean gunboats and artillery employed by the Government-Military re-

form-Services of a British officer required-China's foreign relationships

-Foreigners have provoked hostility-Spaniards and Portuguese-Opium

versus tea-English merchants in China-The East India Company-

Opening of the five ports-Remarkable success of our merchants-Their

dissatisfaction-The Treaty of Tientsin-Our merchants ruined by the open-

ing of China-Over-trading-Tea sold cheaper in London than in China

-Complaints as to exactions on the transit of goods-Memorials of the

Anglo-Chinese Chambers of Commerce-Jardine, Matheson, & Co. on

the opium traffic, and on access to the interior of China-Net results of

an aggressive policy—A prophecy by Wan See-ang-Danger of our trade

passing into Chinese hands,

356-382

ARRANGEMENTS FOR PLACING THE EVER- VICTORIOUS ARMY

UNDER THE JOINT COMMAND OF CHINESE AND FOREIGN

OFFICERS, APPOINTED BY HIS EXCELLENCY THE FUTAI

AND GENERAL STAVELEY, C.B.,

384

386

388

389

STATEMENT OF GEORGE BAFFEY, A PRISONER SENT TO H.B.M.

LIST OF THE CHINESE NAMES OF PLACES NEAR SHANGHAI,

LIST OF MAPS.

1. Map of China, to face title-page.

TO FACE PAGE

2. Sketch-Map of the Routes taken by the Rebel Forces

during the years 1851-65,

3. Map illustrating the Operations of the Chung and Ying Wangs, 1855-64,

4. Sketch - Map of the Operations against the Rebels,

1862-64,

5. Sketch of Taitsan and Quinsan, .

48

68

122

142

6. Sketch of Country ravaged by Rebels, March 1864,