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The moderate Sun; commanded to repair,
In summer's heat, to cool th' intemperate air.
When scorch'd Siene feels her Cancer's fire,
Then lest the world, consum'd in flame, expire,
Nile to its aid his watery forces draws,
And swells against the Lion's burning jaws,
Moistening the plains, till Phoebus late descends
To Autumn's cooler couch, and Meroe's shade ex-
tends.

Who can the cause of such great changes read?
Ev'n so our parent Nature had decreed
Nile's constant course, and so the world has need.

[fly

As vainly too Antiquity apply'd
Th' Etesian winds to raise this wondrous tide,
Which blow at stated seasons of the year
For several days, and long possess the air;
Or thought vast clouds, which, driv'n before them,
Beyond the South, discharg'd the burden'd sky
On Nilus' head, and thence his current swell'd;
Or that those winds the river's course repell'd,
Which stopp'd, and press'd by th' entering sea,
disdains

His banks, and issuing boils along the plains.
Some think vast pores, and gaps in earth abound,
Where streams in silent veins creep under ground,
Led from the chilling North, the line to meet,
When pointed beams direct on Meroe beat,
While the parch'd earth a watery succour craves;
Then Po and Ganges roll their smother'd waves
Deep through the vaults beneath; and, Nile sup-
Discharges at one vent their mingled tide, [ply'd,
Nor can the gather'd flood in one straight channel
ride.

Some think the sea, which round all lands ex-
tends

His liquid arms, these gushing waters sends;
That length of course the saltness wears away;
Or thus; since Phœbus and the stars, we say,
Drink ocean's streams; when, near hot Cancer's
The thirsty Sun a larger portion draws, [claws,
That more than air digests, attracted so,
Falls back by night, and causes Nile to flow.

Might I in so perplex'd a cause engage,

I think, since Nature grew mature in age,
Some waters, Cæsar, have deriv'd their birth
From veins by strong convulsions broke in earth!
And some coeval with the world began,
And starting through appointed channels ran,
When this whole frame th' Almighty Builder rear'd,
Ordain'd its laws, and its first motions steer'd.

The kings of Greece, of Egypt, and the East,
Ardent like you, were with this wish possest,
And every age has labour'd to attain

The wondrous truth, but labour'd still in vain,
For Nature lurks obscure, and mocks their pain.
Philip's great son, whose consecrated name
Memphis adores, the first in regal fame,
Envious of this, detach'd a chosen band
To range th' extreme of Æthiopia's sand!
They pass the scorching soil, and only view
Where hotter streams their constant way pursue.
The farthest west our great Sesostris saw,
While harness'd kings his lofty chariot draw,
Yet drank your Rhodanus and Padus first

At both their springs, ere Nile obey'd his thirst.
Cambyses, mad with lust of power t' o'er-run
The long-liv'd nations of the rising Sun,

VOL X.

To promis'd spoils a numerous army led;
His famish'd soldiers on each other fed,
Exhausted he return'd, nor saw great Nilus' head :-
Nor boasting Fame pretends to inake it known;
Where'er thou flow'st, thy springs possest by none,
And not one land can call thee, Nile, her own.
Yet what the god, who did thy birth conceal,
Has giv'n to know, to Cæsar I'll reveal.

First from the Southern pole thy stream we trace,
Which rolling forward with a speedy pace,
Under hot Cancer is directly driven
Against Bootes' wain, far in the north of Heaven.
Yet winding in thy course from east to west,
Arabia now, now Libya's sands are blest
With thy cool flood; which first the Seres spy,
Yet seek thee too; thy current, rolling by,
Through Ethiopia next, a stranger, flows.
Nor can the world perceive to whom it owes
Thy sacred birth, which Nature hid from all,
Lest any nation should behold thee small,
And, covering deep thy infant head, requir'd
That none should find what is by all admir'd.

Thou, by a law to other streams unknown,
In summer's solstice o'er thy banks art thrown,
And bring'st in thy full tide a winter of thy own.
To thee alone 'tis given thy waves to roll
Athwart the globe, enlarg'd to either pole;
These nations seek thy fountain, these would trace
Thy gulph. With spacious arms thou dost embrace
Hot Meroe, fruitful to a sooty race,
And proud of ebon woods; yet no retreat
Their useless shades afford to shun th' excessive

heat.

Then through the regions of the scorching Sun,
Not lessen'd by his thirst, thy waters run.
O'er barren sands they take a tedious course,
Now rolling in one tide their gather'd force;
Now wandering in their way, and sprinkled round,
Thy channel here its scatter'd troops regains,
O'er yielding banks thy wanton billows bound.
Between th' Ægyptian and Arabian plains,
Where Philas bounds the realm; with easy pace
Thy slippery waves through deserts cut their race,
Where Nature by a tract of land divides
Our sea, distinguish'd from the Red-Sea's tides.
Who that beholds thee here so gently flow,
Would think thou ever could'st tempestuous grow?
But when o'er rugged cliffs and ways unev'n
In steepy cataracts thou'rt headlong driv'n,
Thy rushing waves, resisted, fiercer fly,
And batter'd froth rebounding fills the sky,
The hills remurmur with the dashing sound,
Thy billows ride triumphant far around,
And rear their conquering heads with hoary ho-

nours crown'd.

Hence shaken Abatos first feels thy rage,
And rocks, which in our great forefathers age
Were call'd the river's veins; because they show
His first increase, and symptoms of his flow.
Vast piles of mountains here encompass wide
His streams, to Libya's thirsty land deny'd,
Which thus enclos'd in a deep valley glide.
At Memphis first he sees the open plains,
Then flows at large, and his low banks disdains.

While thus secure, as if no danger nigh,

Till Night's black steeds had travell'd half the sky,
They pass the hours of rest, Pothinus' mind
From brooding mischief can no leisure find.

F

Season'd in sacred blood, what crime can scare
The wretch, that late could such a murder dare?
Great Pompey's ghost dwells in his breast, t' inspire
New monsters there; and furies add their fire.
He hopes ignoble hands shall wear those stains,
Which Heaven for injur'd Roman chiefs ordains,
And that blind Fortune to a slave that day
The senate's vengeance should bequeath away,
The debt for civil war, which Cæsar once shall
But oh! ye righteous powers, exert your care!
The guilty life in Brutus' absence spare !
Nor let vile Egypt Rome's great justice boast,
And this example to the world be lost!

pay.

Vain is th' attempt; yet, scorning secret snares, Steel'd by his crimes, the desperate villain dares With open war th' unconquer'd chief provoke, And dooms his head already to the stroke, Designs to bid the slaughter'd father go, And seek his son in dreary shades below, Yet first he sends a trusty slave, to bear This hasty message to Achillas' car, His partner-ruffian in great Pompey's fall, Whom the weak king had made his general, And, thoughtless of his own defence, resign'd A power against himself and all mankind.

"Go, sluggard, to thy bed of down, and steep
Thy heavy eyelids in luxurious sleep!
While Cleopatra does the court invade,
And Pharos is not privately betray'd,
But giv'n away; dost thou alone forbear
To grace the nuptials of thy mistress here?
Th' incestuous sister shall her brother wed,
Ally'd already to the Roman's bed,
And sharing both by turns; Ægypt's her hire,
Already paid, and Rome she may require.
Could Cleopatra's sorceries decoy

Ev'n Cæsar's age, and shall we trust a boy?
Whom if one night she fold within her arms,
Drunk with lewd joys, and fascinating charms,
Whatever pious name the crime allay,

Between each kiss, he'll give our heads away,
And we by racks or flames must for her beauty
In this distress Fate no relief allows;
[pay,
Caesar's her lover, and the king her spouse:
And she herself, no doubt, the doom has past
On us, and all who would have left her chaste.
But by the deed which we together shar'd,
In vain, if not by new attempts repair'd,
By that strict league a hero's blood has bound,
Bring speedy war, and all their joys confound,
Rush boldly on; with slaughter let us stain
Their nuptial torch; the cruel bride be slain
Ev'n in her bed, and which soe'er supplies
In present turn the husband's place, he dies.
Nor Cæsar's name our purpose shall appall;
Fortune's the common mistress of us all,
And she, that lifts him now above mankind,
Courted by us, may be to us as kind.
We share his brightest glory, and are great
By Pompey's death, as he by his defeat.
Look on the shore, and read good omens there,
And ask the bloody waves what we may dare.
Behold what tomb the wretched trunk supplies,
Half hid in sand, half naked to the skies!
Yet this was Cæsar's equal whom we slew :
And doubt we then new glory to pursue?
Grant that our birth's obscure; yet, shall we need
Kings, or rich states confederate to the deed?

No, Fate's our own, and Fortune in our way,
Without our toil, presents a nobler prey;
Appease we now the Romans while we may!
This second victim shall their rage remove
For Pompey's death, and turn their hate to love.
Nor dread we mighty names, which slaves adore;
Stripp'd of his army, what's this soldier more
Than thou or I?—To night then let us end
His civil wars; to-night the Fates shall send
A sacrifice to troops of ghosts below,

And pay that head, which to the world they owe.
At Cæsar's throat let the fierce soldiers fly,
And Fgypt's youth with Rome's their force apply,
Those for their king, and these for liberty,
No more, but haste, and take the foe supine
Prepar'd for lust, and gorg'd with food and wine.
Be bold, and think the gods to thee commend
The cause, which Brutus' prayers and Cato's will
defend."

To mischief swift, Achillas soon obey'd
This summons, yet his sudden march betray'd
By no loud signal, nor the trumpet's jar:
In silent haste he led a barbarous train of war.
Dégenerate crowds of Romans fill his bands,
So lost in vice, so chang'd in foreign lands,
That they, who should have scorn'd the king's
commands,

Forgetful of their country and their fame,
Under a vile domestic's conduct came.

No faith, no honour, can the herd restrain,
That follow camps, and fight for sordid gain;
Like ruffians brib'd, they ne'er the cause inquire,
That side's the just, which gives the largest hire.
If by your swords proud Cæsar was to bleed,
Strike for yourselves, ye slaves! nor sell the deed!
Oh wretched Rome! where'er thy Eagle flies,
New civil wars, new fury, will arise;

Ev'n on Nile's banks, far from Thessalian plains,
Amidst thy troops their country's madness reigns,
What more could the bold house of Lagus dare,
Had Pompey found a just protection there?
No Roman hand's exempt, but each must spill
His share of blood, and Heaven's decrees fulfil,
Such vengeful plagues it pleas'd the gods to send,
And with such numerous wounds the Latian state
to rend.

Not for the son or father now they fight;
A base born-slave can civil arms excite,
Achillas mingles in the Roman strife;
And, had not Fate protected Cæsar's life,
These had prevail'd: each villain ready stood,
This waits without, and that within, for blood,
The court, dissolv'd in feasting, open lay
To treacherous snares, a careless easy prey.
Then o'er the royal cups had Cæsar bled,
And on the board had fall'n his sever'd head.
But lest, amid the darkness of the night,
Their swords unconscious, in the huddled fight,
Might slay the king, the slaves awhile took breath
And slipp'd the important hour of Cæsar's death.
They thought to make him soon the loss repay,
And fall a sacrifice in open day.

One night is given him; by Pothinus' grace
He sees the Sun once more renew his race.

Now the fair morning-star began to show The sign of day from Cassia's lofty brow, And ev'n the dawn made sultry Egypt glow,

When, from afar, the marching troops appear,
Not in loose squadrons, scatter'd here and there,
But one broad front of war, as if that day
To meet an equal force, and fight in just array.
While Cæsar thinks not the town-walls secure,
He bars the palace-gates, compell'd t' endure
Th' inglorious siege, and in a corner hide
Enclos'd, nor dares to the whole court confide.
In haste he arms his friends; his anxious breast,
Now fir'd with fury, now with doubt deprest,
Much fears th' assault, yet more that fear disdains;
So when some generous savage, bound with chains,
Is shut within his den, he howls with rage,
And breaks his teeth against the massy cage:
And thus, if by new weight of hills impos'd
Sicilian Etna's breathing jaws were clos'd,
Ev'n thus th' imprison'd god of Fire would rave,
And drive his flames, rebellowing, round the cave.
Behold the man, who lately scorn'd to dread
The senate's army to just battle led,
The flower of Roman lords, and Pompey at their
[head,
Who, in a cause forbidding hope, could trust
That Providence for him should prove unjust,
Behold him now opprest, forlorn of aid,
Driv'n to a house, and of a slave afraid!
He, whom rough Scythians had not dar'd abuse,
Nor savage Moors, who barbarously use,
In sport, to try inhospitable arts

On strangers bound, their living mark for darts,
Tho' Rome's extended world, tho' India join'd
With Tyrian Gades, seems a realm confin'd,
A space too scanty to his vaster mind,
Now, like a boy or tender maid, he flies,
When sudden arms th' invaded works surprise;
He traverses the court, each room explores,
His hope is all in bars and bolted doors.
Yet doubtful, while he wanders here and there,
He leads the captive king his fate to share,
Or expiate that death the slaves for him prepare.
If darts or missive flames shall fail, he'll throw
Their sovereign's head against th' advancing foe.
So, when Medea fled her native clime,
And fear'd just vengeance on her impious crime,
With ready steel the cruel sorceress stood,
To greet her father with her brother's blood,
Prepar'd his head, to stop, with dire affright,
A parent's speed, and to assure her flight.

Yet Cæsar, that unequal arms might cease,
Suspends his fury, and essays a peace.
A herald from the king is sent, t' assuage
His rebel servants, and upbraid their rage,
And, in their absent tyrant's name, t' inquire
The secret author of this kindled fire.
But, scornful of reproach, th' audacious crew
The sacred laws of nations overthrew,
And for his speech the royal envoy slew.
Inhuman deed! that swells the guilty score
Of Egypt's monsters, well increas'd before.
Not Thessaly, not Juba's savage train,
Pharmaces' impious troops, not cruel Spain,
Nor Pontus, nor the Syrtes' barbarous land,
Dar'd an attempt like this voluptuous band.

Th' attack is form'd, the palace closely pent;
Huge javelins to the shaken walls are sent,
A storm of flying spears; yet, from below,
No battering rams resistless drive the blow,
No engine's brought, no fires; the giddy crowd
In parties roam, and, with brute clamours loud,

In several bands their wasted strength divide,
And here and there to force an entrance try'd;
In vain, for Fortune fights on Cæsar's side.

Then, where the palace, 'midst surrounding waves,
Projects luxuriant, and their fury braves,
The ships too their united force apply,
And swiftly hurl the naval war on high,
Yet, present every where with sword or fire,
Cæsar th' approaches guards, and makes the foes
retire.

To all by turns he brings successful aids,
Inverts the war, and, though besieg'd, invades.
Fireballs, and torches drest with unctuous spoil
Of tar combustible, and frying oil,

Kindled, he launch'd against the fleet; nor slow
The catching flames invest the smouldering tow.
The pitchy planks their crackling prey become;
The painted sterns and rowers seats consume.
Arms on the waves and drowning me
There hulks, half burnt, sink in the main; and here
ppear.

Nor thus suffic'd, the flames from thence aspire,
And seize the buildings with contagious fire.
Swift o'er the roofs, by winds increas'd, they fly;
So shooting meteors blaze along the sky,
And lead their wandering course with sudden glare,
By sulphurous atoms fed in fields of thinnest air.

Affrighted crowds the growing ruin view;
To save the city from the siege they flew,
When Cæsar, wont the lucky hour to choose
Of sudden chance in war, and wisely use,
Lost not in slothful rest the favouring night,
But shipp'd his men, and sudden took his flight.
Pharos he seiz'd, an island heretofore,
When prophet Proteus Egypt's sceptre bore,
Now by a chain of moles contiguous to the shore.
Here Cæsar's arms a double use obtain ;
Hence from the straiten'd foe he bars the main,
While to his friends th' important harbour lies
A safe retreat, and open to supplies.
Nor longer now the doom suspended stands,
Which justice on Pothinus' guilt demands.
Yet not as guilt, unmatch'd like his, requires,
Not by the shameful cross, or torturing fires,
Nor torn by ravenous beasts, the howling wretch
expires.

The sword, dishonour'd, did his head divide,
And by a fate like Rome's best son he dy'd.
Arsinoe now, by well-concerted snares,
'Scap'd from the palace, to the foe repairs;
The trusty Ganymede assists her flight,
Then o'er the camp she claim'd a sovereign's right;
Her brother absent, she assumes the sword,
And frees the tyrant from his household lord:
By her just hand Achillas meets his fate,
Rebel accurs'd! in blood and mischief great!
Another victim, Pompey, to thy shade;
But think not yet the full atoneinent made,
Though Egypt's king, though all the royal line,
Should fall, thy murmuring ghost would still repine;
Still unreveng'd thy murder would remain,
Till Cæsar's purple life the senate's swords shall stain.

Nor does the swelling tempest yet subside.
The chief remov'd that did its fury guide,
To the same charge bold Ganymede succeeds,
Prosperous awhile in many hardy deeds.
So long th' event of war in balance lay,
So great the dangers of that doubtful day,

That Cæsar from that lay alone might claim
Immortal wreaths, and all the warrior's fame,

Now, while to quit the straiten'd mole he strove,
And to the vacant ships the fight remove,
War's utmost terrours press on every side;
Before the strand besieging navies ride;
Behind, the troops advance. No way is seen
T'escape, or scarce a glorious death to win.
No room with slaughter'd foes to strew the plain,
And bravely fall amidst a pile of slain.
A captive to the place he now appears,
Doubtful if death should move his hope, or fears.

In this distress, a sudden thought inspir'd
His hardy breast, by great examples fir'd;
Bold Scava's action he to mind recalls,
And glory won near fam'd Dyrrhachium's walls;
Where, whilst his men a doubtful fight maintain,
And Pompey strove the batter'd works to gain,
Amidst a field of foes, that hemm'd him round,
Alone the brave centurion kept his ground.

*Here the original poem breaks off abruptly, having been left unfinished by the author.

THE

POEMS

OF

JOHN SHEFFIELD,

DUKE OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.

-Nec Phobo gratior ulla est

Quam sibi quæ Vari præscripsit pagina nomen.

Virg,

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