Orphan school at Ægina, and author of an epitome of the gospels printed at Malta. On the 30th of May, this school contained 176 scholars of both sexes. The Committee have sent Mr. King 500 slates and a proportionate number of pencils, and he will be amply furnished with school-books from the press at Malta. He expected to have opportunity to supply many small schools in Attica, Thebes, and other parts of continental Greece, with books, and thinks it will soon be desirable to establish a college in the renowned seat of ancient learning, where he is now residing.

The school at Syra, under the superintendence of Doct. Korck, Church missionary, in the commencement and partial support of which the Board has been concerned, have been of great service to the cause of education in Greece, especially in the islands called the Cyclades. Syra is one of these islands, opposite Tenos. The schools are three in number.

The three schools have grown out of the one established in January 1828, by Mr. Brewer, at the expense of the Board. When Mr. Brewer was about returning to this country, he gave that school into the hands of Dr. Korck. In the summer of 1829, there were 330 scholars of both sexes. The house for the school was erected by the government and people, and the salary of the Greek master, since the expiration of the first three months, has been paid by the Greeks. In 1829, another school-house was reared by the Greeks, with some foreign aid, having two apartments;-one for the accommodation of females, the other for a scientific school for boys. A great increase of pupils was the consequence of this division. The teacher of the female school, a Greek young woman, has derived her wages from the Treasury of the Board; and all the three schools were under the free, personal superintendence of Doct. Korck and his associate Mr. Hildner, until the close of the last year. They have since experienced considerable embarrassment in their relations to these schools, from circumstances growing out of the policy of the government. It should be stated, however, that the connection, which these schools have had with the government, were the result of necessity, not of choice and design.

The Committee have never had any thought of embarrassing their operations in Greece, by any sort of connection with the Greek government. They were long doubtful, indeed, what measures were expedient. The inquiries addressed to the President of Greece in the spring of 1829, were merely for the purpose of gaining information, and they elicited some facts, which deterred the Committee from a class of expenditures, that would have been in accordance with the popular feeling then pervading our community, but might have proved a fruitful source of disappointment and regret. The Committee resolved to direct almost their whole efforts, for a time, so far as Greece was concerned, to the production of books for elementary instruction, and to the introduction of these into the schools of that country. This they believe to be within their commission to publish the gospel to every creature, and the most direct and effectual

method of obeying this command, which the providence of God has placed within their power; and his merciful guidance they would acknowledge with heartfelt gratitude. The Committee are now ready to provide Mr. King with an associate, and to authorise the establishment of schools, where they will not interfere with those instituted by the government.

SYRIA.

Isaac Bird and George B. Whiting, Missionaries, and their wives.

Messrs. B. and W. resumed the mission in Syria in May 1830, and were received by many of the natives with the usual friendly salutations. Among those who received them gladly, were a few young men, over whom the missionaries had rejoiced in former years as the fruits of their labors, and who appeared to have remained steadfast in the faith, and to have honored the gospel by their lives. The adherents of the Romish church began immediately to oppose, as in for

mer years.

Mr. Whiting is employed in learning the Arabic language. Mr. Bird is occupied in scattering the seeds of divine knowledge, which fall, like those of the sower in the parable, upon every description of soil. Among all classes of the people, there is a distressing apathy on the subject of education, as that does not enter at all into the ecclesiastical or civil policy of the country. There is but little demand for the Arabic copies of the word of God, though from twelve to twenty persons meet the missionaries every Sabbath for the

purpose of reading a few chapters in the New Testament, which is accompanied by brief expository and practical remarks. Many are believed to be dissatisfied with the religion taught in their churches, and it is generally conceded, that there is no such thing as vital godliness found in the country. Indeed a great amount of preparatory labor is yet to be performed, before the foundations of the spiritual temple can be laid, and the walls begin to rise.

CONSTANTINOPLE.

William Goodell and H. G. O. Dwight, Missionaries, and their wives.

Mr. Goodell was instructed to leave Malta as soon as he had carried his Armeno-Turkish version of the New Testament through the press, and take up his residence at Constantinople, where he would be more favorably situated for exerting an influence upon the Armenians, and determining the value of his translation. This was in accordance with a plan of operations concerted at Malta, in the year 1829. Accordingly he embarked for Constantinople, with his family, on the 21st of May, in the Banian, captain Smith, which was to touch at Smyrna. He arrived at Smyrna on the 29th of May, and at Constantinople on the 9th of the following month. Before leaving Malta, Mr. Goodell had commenced a translation of the Hebrew scriptures into the Armeno-Turkish; and the prosecution of this important work will continue to occupy a portion of his time.

Mr. Dwight, after completing his arduous exploring tour through Armenia and the neighboring countries, in company with Mr. Smith, proceeded to Malta; but is expected to become associated, for the present, with Mr. Goodell.

Exploring Tour in Armenia.

This occupied the year previous to May 25, 1831, and extended from Constantinople, through Tocat, Erzeroom, Kars, Tiflis, Shousha, Erivan, Etchmiazin, Tebreez, and from thence through Bayazid to Trebizonde on the Black Sea, and thence by water to Constantinople.

Messrs. Smith and Dwight, always courageous and enterprising, prosecuted their object without rashness, until they appear to have ascertained satisfactorily what is practicable and expedient, and what is not, for American Christians to attempt for the religious improvement of the Armenians in the Russian and Turkish dominions, and also with respect to considerable bodies of Nestorians on the south. The larger portion of the results is yet to be submitted, with the facts by which they are sustained, which will probably be done personally by Mr. Smith, during a visit he is about making to his native land. But enough is known already to prove the expediency of the enterprise, and to justify all the costs, labors, and risks it has occasioned.

JEWS IN TURKEY.

William Gottlieb Schauffler, Missionary.

Mr. Schauffler has gone to Paris, where he will spend three or four months in completing his preparatory studies, and then proceed to Turkey. His central position is expected to be Constantinople. He is supported by the Ladies Jews Society of Boston and Vicinity.

General View.

The missionaries of the Board have traversed a vast extent of country around the Mediterranean. We may trace their routes from Tripoli to Tunis -from Alexandria to Thebes in Upper Egyptfrom Cairo through the desert to Gaza-through almost every district of Palestine-from Beyroot in Syria across the mountains of Lebanon to Damascus thence to Aleppo and Antiochthence down the shore to Beyroot-from the ancient Tarsus through the southern provinces of Asia Minor to Smyrna-from thence through the central district of the same country to Cæsarea -from Smyrna through the country round about which embraced the Seven Churches-from Smyrna to the Bosphorus-from Constantinople through the northern provinces of Asia Minor to Erzeroom in Armenia-thence to Tiflis among the mountains of Caucassus-thence through the northern parts of Persia-thence through the inhospitable region of the Koords, and through Armenia, to Trebizonde on the Black Sea. We may trace their route, also, in Europe, to five of the seven Ionian Islands, throughout the Peloponnesus, in Attica, and to many islands in the Egean.

We now know, to a great extent, the physical, intellectual, moral, and religious condition of those countries. We know what kind of moral power is most needed and most likely to succeed. We know what places are most accessible and most promising. We know, far better than we did six years ago, how to economize and direct our labors. But little more exploring, at the expense of long and hazardous journies, now remains to be done in that part of the world. The missionaries may now locate and concentrate their influence. The press may operate with greater certainty in its various languages. Books

The missionaries feel the importance of raising the qualifications of the schoolmasters. Schools have been instituted for them in various places, under the immediate instruction of the missionaries, their wives, or the single females connected with the mission. Here are taught reading, writing, and arithmetic. Soon geography will be added, and the first principles of astronomy; and, in process of time, other fields of science will be opened upon the astonished minds of the islanders.

Printing. The mission press at the Sandwich Islands commenced its operations on the first Monday in January 1822. From that time, when the language was just beginning to assume a written form, until March 20, 1830, scarcely ten years after the mission was commenced, 22 distinct books had been printed in the native language, averaging 37 small pages, and amounting to 387,000 copies, and 10,287,800 pages. This printing was executed at Honolulu, where there are two presses. But besides this, 3,345,000 pages in the Hawaiian language have been printed in the United States, (viz. a large edition of the gospels of Matthew, Mark, and John,) which swells the whole amount of printing in this time, for the use of the islanders, to 13,632,800 pages. Reckoning the 22 distinct works in a continuous series, the number of pages in the series is 832. Of these, 40 are elementary, and the rest are portions of scripture, or else strictly evangelical and most important matter, the best adapted to the condition and wants of the people that could be selected under existing circum

stances.

Perhaps never, since the invention of printing, was a printing press employed so extensively as that has been at the Sandwich Islands, with so little expense, and so great a certainty that every page of its productions would be read with attention and profit.

Improvement of the People in Knowledge, Morals, Religion, etc. Nothing more will be attempted, than to present the more remarkable

facts.

The language of the islands has been reduced to writing, and in a form so precise, that five vowels and seven consonants, or twelve letters in the whole, represent all the sounds which have yet been discovered in the native tongue. And as each of these letters has a fixed and certain sound, the art of reading, spelling, and writing the language, is made far easier than it is with us.-About one-third part of the people in the islands have been brought into schools, and one half of these have been taught to read. Many are able to write, and some are versed in the elementary principles of arithmetic.-Nine hundred of the natives are employed as schoolmasters. The historical parts of the New Testament, and selections from the Old, and summaries of Christian doctrines and duties, have been printed in the native language, and placed in the hands of some thousands of the natives.-The government of the islands has adopted the moral Jaw of God, with a knowledge of its purport, as the basis of its own future administration; and the

Christian religion is professedly the religion of

the nation. Indeed most of the chief rulers are members of the visible church of Christ.-Special laws have been enacted, and are enforced, against murder, theft. licentiousness, retailing ardent spirits, Sabbath breaking, and gambling. The Christian law of marriage is the law of the land.-Commodious houses for public worship have been erected by the principal chiefs, with the cheerful aid of the people, in the places of

their residence; and when there is preaching, these chiefs regularly and seriously attend, and their example is followed by great numbers of their subjects.-Churches are gathered, as with us, wherever there are pastors to take the care of them, and accessions are made to them, from time to time, of such as we may reasonably hope will be saved. In one small district, which, but a few years since, rung through all the length and breadth of it with the cries of savage drunkenness, a thousand people have associated on the principle of entire abstinence from the use of intoxicating liquors.-Moreover, in that same district and in two others, with a united population of perhaps 40,000, where the morals were as degraded, a few years ago, as anywhere on earth, a fourth part of the inhabitants have formed themselves into societies for the better understanding and keeping of God's holy law, and require unimpeachable morals as a condition of membership in their several fraternities.

All these are believed to be facts. And they are traceable wholly to the blessing of God on the establishment of a Christian mission on those islands, a little more than eleven years ago.

A moment's reflection, however, is sufficient to show, that after all the work of evangelizing and civilizing those islands is but just commenced. The nation is yet in its infancy. It is just beginning to understand the advantages of the social state. The elements of individual improvement, and domestic happiness, and national order and prosperity, have been introduced, and the contrast between the former and present condition and character of the nation, as such, is great in almost every respect. Yet very few have done more than merely to cross the threshold of knowledge. Three-fourths of those, who are capable of learning to read, have yet to acquire the art. A collection of all the books in the language would not contain as much matter, as there is in one volume of the Missionary Herald. Salvation through the Lamb that was slain, is brought within the reach of thousands, and many have fled and are fleeing to lay hold on the hope set before them; but how few are their helps, compared with those which we have, and with what they ought to possess. The regular preaching of the gospel is enjoyed by not more than one-fourth of the inhabitants. The rest see only a few rays of heavenly light.

North American Indians.

The Board have missions among the Cherokees, Chickasaws, Choctaws, Arkansas Cherokees, Osages, Stockbridge Indians near Green Bay, at Mackinaw, among the Ojibeways southwest of Lake Superior, the Indians in Ohio, and Indians in the State of New York.

CHEROKEES.

Begun in 1816: eight stations, five missionaries, eight male and twenty female assistants, and one native preacher.

BRAINERD. John C. Elsworth, Teacher and Su

perintendent of Secular Concerns; John Vail, Far

mer; Ainsworth E. Blount, Farmer and Mechanic; Henry Parker, Miller; with their wives: Miss Delight Sargent, Teacher.

CARMEL. Daniel Butrick, Missionary; Isaac Proctor, Teacher and Catechist; with their wives. CREEKPATH. William Potter, Missionary; Mrs. Potter: Miss Erminia Nash, Teacher.

HIGHTOWER. John Thompson, Missionary; Mrs. Thompson: Miss Catherine Fuller, Teacher.

WILLSTOWN, William Chamberlin, Missionary; Sylvester Ellis, Farmer; with their wives: Mrs.

Hoyt, Widow of Rev. Ard Hoyt; John Huss, Native Preacher.

HAWEIS. Elizur Butler, Physician and Catechist; Mrs. Butler; Miss Nancy Thompson and Miss Flora Post, Assistants and Teachers.

CANDY'S CREEK. William Holland, Teacher and Catechist; Mrs. Holland.

NEW ECHOTA. Samuel Austin Worcester, Missionary; Mrs. Worcester: Miss Sophia Sawyer, Assistant.

Preaching, Churches, &c. Public religious meetings are held at each of the stations on the Sabbath, and occasionally during the week; and Mr. Butrick and Mr. Chamberlin have itinerated and preached extensively in the Cherokee villages. Unusual seriousness has prevailed at Brainerd, Carmel, Creekpath, and Haweis; and it is hoped that twenty or twenty-five have been renewed by the Spirit of God, some of whom were distinguished opposers. A number of the inquirers were formerly members of the mission schools. A new meeting house has been erected at Haweis, and another at Willstown, the labor and expense of which were almost entirely borne by the Indians.

There are now eight churches at the several stations occupied by this mission, embracing in the whole, last December, 219 members; of whom 167 were Cherokees, and the remainder were of African descent, or white persons residing in the nation. During the past year three were added to the Church at Carmel, and one that had been cut off has been restored, three have been added at Haweis, and two or three other persons propounded; and six have been added at Creekpath. The church at this last place has been more signally blessed with the influences of divine grace, than during any previous year.

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Education. The school at Brainerd has not yet been resumed since the burning of the buildings in 1829; though the preparations for ing it again are nearly completed. This mission had under its care, on the first of June last, when they were interrupted by the enforcement of the law of Georgia excluding white residents, seven schools containing about 150 pupils; about 80 of whom were boarded in the mission families.

By an estimate made early last winter, it appeared that there were more than 200 Cherokees, excluding females, and all of the other sex who could barely read and write, who had obtained an English education sufficient for the transaction of ordinary business; of whom more than 130 had been instructed wholly within the nation, and about 44 had received their education chiefly abroad. Most of those who were educated in the nation were instructed in the schools supported by the Board. Including those who have emigrated to the Arkansas, or have deceased, the whole number of males and females, who have received an English education adequate to the transaction of the ordinary business of life, is probably not less than 300; besides nearly as many more, most of whom can read and write in English. Others have been in various ways and degrees benefited by their connection with the mission schools. An increasing desire among the people to have their children educated is very apparent.

A Cherokee Sunday School Union has been organized, embracing six schools, eight teachers, and 113 scholars.

Printing and Distribution of Tracts. During the year a second edition of the Cherokee Hymn book has been called for and 1400 copies have been printed; making, with the first edition, 2,200 copies. The number of hymns was in

creased from 33 to 58. This edition is also nearly exhausted. Of the gospel of Matthew 1,000 copies have been printed, and a second edition is needed, and is ready for the press. Three thousand copies of a tract of twelve pages, consisting principally of historical extracts from the Old and New Testaments, has been printed, and another of a similar character and the same size is ready for the press. These have been prepared by Mr. Worcester and Mr. Boudinot, and have been extensively circulated in all parts of the nation. Societies have been formed by the Cherokees themselves to purchase them for gratuitous distribution.

State of the people. The mission among the Cherokees has now been established more than fourteen years; during which period the progress of improvement, which had then been considerable, has been steady, and considering all the circumstances, rapid. The mass of the people, in their dress, houses, furniture, agricultural implements, manner of cultivating the soil, raising stock, providing for their families, and in their estimate of the value of an education, will not suffer greatly by comparison with the whites in the surrounding settlements. In their present condition and character they certainly much more nearly resemble man in his civilized state, than they do the savages which they were thirty years ago. The mass of the people have externally embraced the Christian religion. They have a regular system of civil government, founded on liberal principles and administered with a good degree of decorum and energy. Intemperance, the bane of the Indian as well as the white man, has been checked. The laws of the nation rigorously exclude intoxicating liquors from all public assemblies, and otherwise restrict its introduction and use. Numerous associations for the promotion of temperance have been organized, and joined by large numbers. Some formed, and others have been arrested in their notoriously intemperate persons have been re

fatal course.

During the last year the Cherokees have been greatly agitated by their political troubles. Their government has been hindered in its operations, jurisdiction of the state of Georgia over their their laws counteracted by the extension of the territory, many of their citizens have been imprisoned, and their nation has been threatened with banishment from their country. The missionaries of the Board have been forbidden to of them have been arrested for not removing, reside among them by the laws of Georgia, four and two, Mr. Worcester and Dr. Butler, have been, for the same cause, tried and sentenced to the Georgia penitentiary for the term of four years, where they are now confined. All the members of the mission families have been com

pelled to leave Carmel and Hightower for the

present.

CHICKASA WS.

Begun in 1821: three stations, two missionaries, one licensed preacher, and two male and five female assistants.

TOKSHISH. Thomas C. Stuart, Missionary; and Mrs. Stuart.

MARTYN. James Holmes, Licensed Preacher; Mrs. Holmes; Mr. Mosby, and Miss Emeline H. Richmond, Teachers.

CANEY CREEK. Hugh Wilson, Missionary; Mrs. Wilson: Mr. Knight, Teacher; Miss Prudence Wil

son.

Preaching and churches. There has been preaching at the stations on the Sabbath, and to