Âi, the duke of Lû, XX. 1.

Ch'ăng, the philosopher, introductory note.
Châu dynasty, XXVIII. 5.

Châu, the duke of, XVIII. 3; XIX.

Chi, a small State in which sacrifices were
maintained to the sovereigns of the Hsia
dynasty, XXVIII. 5.

Chi-li, the old duke, who received from king
Wû the title of king, XVIII. 2, 3.
Chung-ni, designation of Conf., II. 1; XXX. 1.
Confucian school, introductory note.

Hsia dynasty, XXVIII. 5.
Hûi, a disciple of Conf., VIII.

Hwa, the name of a mountain, XXVI. 9.

Mencius, introductory note.

Shun, the sovereign, VI; XVII. 1; XXX. 1.

Sung, a State in which sacrifices were main.
tained to the sovereigns of the Yin dynasty,
XXVIII. 5.

Tâi, the old duke, T'an-fû, who received from
king Wû the title of king, XVIII. 2, 3.

Tsze-lu, a disciple of Conf., X. 1.
Taze-sze, introductory note; concluding notes to chaps.
I; XII; XXI; XXXIII.

Wăn, the king, XVII. 4 ; XVIII ; XX. a; XXVI.
10; XXX. I.

Wû, the king, XVIII; XIX; XX. 2; XXX. I.

Yang, a distinguished scholar, A.D. 1064–1085,
concluding note to chap. I.

Yao, the sovereign, XXX. 1.
Yin dynasty, XXVIII. 5.

Yo, the name of a mountain, XXVI. 9.

THE 1ST RADICAL,

(1) One, sometimes = a, A., II. ii; IV. vi.
2, xviii. 2; VI. ix, xxii, et alibi, saepe. G.L.C.,
x. 14. D.M., viii, xiii. 4, xxvi. 7, 9. (2) One
and the same, D. M., xvii. 3, xx. 9. (3)

Singleness = sincerity, D. M., xx. 8, 15. (4)E

A unity, A., IV. xv. 1; XV. ii. 3. (5) Ad-
verbially by one effort, D.M., xx. 20. (6)
Asa verb to unite in one, A., XIV. xviii. 2.

(7) —, the One man, a designation

of the sovereign, A., XX. i. 5. G.L.c., ix. 3.
(8) 則: E, partly, now...

...

now, A., IV. xxi.

Seven, A., II. iv. 6; XI. xxv. 5, 7, 10;
XIII. xxix; XIV. xl.

(1) Three, A., I. xi; II. ii, iv. 2;_III.
ii, et alibi, saepe. D.M., xviii. 3, xx. 8, 11,
xxvii. 3, xxix. 1. (2) Adverbially-thrice,
A., V. xviii. 1; VIII. i; X. xviii. a. Into
three parts, A., VIII. xx. 4. But,
A., I. iv, on three points.

, ye, disciples, A., III

D.M., xii. 3. (5) #ZA, the

grass, when the wind is upon it, A., XII.
xix. (6), God, the most High
God, G.L.c., x. 5. D.M., xix. 6.

下

hsid

To ascend; proceeding
, A., VI. xix; VII. vii.

Anciently, in the 3rd tone. (1) He,
she, it, this, that, which is below, with the
corresponding plurals; both positive and
superlative, A., IX. iii. 2; X. ii. 1; XVI.
ix. G.L.C., x. 2, 21. D.M., xiv. 3, xix. 4,

XX. 6, 17, xxix. 2. (2) ET,

see on

上
(3) or ... T, under, in or on the

beneath of..., A., XII. xxi. 1; XVI. xii.
1. (4), the world, the kingdom,
A., III. xi, xxiv; IV. x, et al. G.LT., 4,
5. G.L.c., viii. 1, ix. 4, X. 1, 4. D.M., i.
4, X. I, et al. (5) Occurs in the proper

name

TH, A., XV. xiii; XVIIL

ii, viii. 1, 3.

A verb, in the 4th tone. (1) To descend,

(3)

xxiv; VIL
xxiii; IX. xi. 3; XI. x. 3; XVII. iv. 4.
(4), three kings; i. e. the foun-
ders of the three great dynasties, D.M.,

下

hsia

san

上

shang

xxix. 3. (5), the name of a tower,

A., III. xxii. 2. (6), A., XVIII.

downwards, A., VI. xix.

to humble one's self to others, A.,
XX. 5.

(1) He, she, it, this, that, which is
above, with the corresponding plurals,

A., I. ii. 1; III. xxvi, et saepius, G.L.C.,

X. I, 2, 21. D.M,, xiv. 3, et al. (2) Ad.
verbially upwards, A., XIV. xxiv, xxxvii.
2 (in these instances some tone it in and

tone). D.M., xviii. 3, xxx. 1. (3)在......

, above in or on the above of...,
A., VI. vii; IX. xvi. D.M., xvi. 3. (4)

ET, above, below, in opposition, ap-

plied to heaven and earth, A., VII. xxxiv.
VOL. I.

G g

Not, passim. The simplest negative.

Moreover, and moreover, A., II. iii. 2;
VI. iv; VII. xv; VIII. xi, xiii. 3; IX.
xi. 3; XI. xxv. 4; XVI. i. 4; XVIII. vi.
3. D.M., xv. 2, xxvii. 7.

(1) An age, a generation, A., II. xxiii.
1, 2; VI. xiv; XIII. xii; XVI. i. 8, ii. 1,
iii. D.M., xi. 1, xxviii. 1, xxix. 3, 4
(2) To all ages, D.M., xxix. 5. (3)

-after death, A., XV. xix. G.L.G.,
iii. 5. This phrase is commonly explained

丘

ch'iu

by-as long as men live, or to
the end of the world." (4), inter-
rupted generations, i. e. families whose
line of succession has been broken, A.,

XX. i. 7. D.M., xx. 14. (5) The world,
A., XIV. xxxix. 1; XVIII. vi. 3. G.L.C.,
, as a proper name,

zi. 3. (6) 世叔,

A., XIV. ix.

(1) A hillock, A., XIX. xxiv. (2) The
name of Confucius. Used by himself,
A., V. xxvii; VIL. xxiii, xxx. 3, xxxiv, et
al. D.M., xiii. 4. Applied to him con-
temptuously, A., XIV. xxxiv. 1; XVIII.
vi. 2, 3. (3) Part of a double name, A.,
V. xxiv.

Properly written. Together,along-

ping side, A., XIV. xlvii. a ; XIX. xvi. G.L.C.,
x. 23. D.M., XXX. 3.

halfway, A., VI. x. (6), mediocre

men, A., Vi. xix. (7), to stand
in the middle of the gateway, A., X. iv.
2 (8), to walk in the Mean, to

act entirely right, A., XIII. xxi. Comp.
the
name of

D.M., xxxi. 1. (9) 4,

a placc, A., XVII. vii. 2.

中 The 4th tone. To hit the mark; hitting

chung

the mark; exact, A., XI. xiii. 3; xviii.

a; XIII. iii. 6; XVIII. viii. 3, 4. G.L.C.,
ix. a. D.M., i. 4; xx. 18.

THE 3RD RADICAL,

(1) To count as chief or principal, A.,

I. viii. a; III. xvi; IX. xxiv; XII. x.

(a) A master, president, A., XVI. i. 4.

THE 4TH RADICAL, ).

ba

To be....For fil, is it

not...? A., VI. i. 3; XIV. xxxiv. 1; XVI.

i.3.

Long, for a long time, A., III. xxiv ;
IV. ii, et al. D.M., iii; xxvi. 2, 4, 5, 8.
After a long time, A., V. xvi.

(1) A particle of interrogation. Found
alone; preceded by another interrogative
particle; preceded by, A., I. i, iv;
II. vii, viii, xvii; VI. xxviii; VII. xiv. 1,

a, et al., saepe. G.L.o., iii. a. (2) A particle

of exclamation, A., VI. vi; VIIL xviii,
xix. 1, 2; IX. xx, et al. D.M., xvi. 3, xxvii.
2. Followed by giving emphasis, A,

III xiv ; VIL'xxix, et al. Preceded by

A., XII. xxii. 5; XIV. xlii. 1, 2. (3)
Partly interrogatory, partly exclamatory.
In this usage it is sometimes preceded by

必也; it is often preceded by 其 ; and

by
2; III. vii, xi; IV. vi. a; V.xviii. 1, 2, et al,
saepe. G.L.a, iv. 1, vi. 3. D.M., iii, xv. 2,
xvi. 1, xviii. 1, xix. 1, et al. (4) As a pre-
position, after verbs and adjectives, = in,
to, &c., A., I. x. a; II. xvi; VIII. iv. 3;
XVIII. x, et al., saepe. G.Lc., ix. 4, 1.6.
D.M., i. 2, vii, xiv. 1, 2, 5, et al, saepe.
(5) Than, in comparison, A., XI. xxv. a;

immediately before it, A., IL. xxi.

XVII. xxii. D.M., i. 4,‡.....¥ (6)

, how, A., IV. v. 2 (7) Observe

焉爾乎, A., VI. xii; and 其庶

F, XI. xviii. 1.

The Ist tone. Joined with †♪ (ww)

hú An exclamation, D.M., xxvi. 10.

chih

(1) Of, A., L. ii. 2, v, xì. 1, et passim.

G.L.T., 1, 4. G.Lc., iii. 4, et passim. D.M.,
ii. a, viii, et passim. In the construct state,

the regent follows the Ź, and the regi
men precedes. They may be respectively
a noun, a phrase, or a larger clause. (2)
Him, her, it, them, A., I. vii; XIV. xviii.
I, xix. 2, et passim. So in G.L. and D.M.
(3) It is often difficult to find the ante-
cedent to, and it seems merely to
give an active, substantive force to the
verb, A., II. xiii; III. xxiii; XV. ii. 3 ;
XVII. ix. 6, et saepe. D.M., xx. 18, 19, 20,
et al. (4) Z, G.Lc., viii 2, x. 14,

Rs in (2), hut 有之 and 無之

are

more like our use of impersonal verbs,

G.L.c., ix. 1. A., IV. vi. 3. (5) Where
comes in a sentence with, it is

之

generally transposed, G.L.T., 7. A. IV.
vi. 3, et al. 8o莫之知避,D.M,

vii, et al. All negative adverbs seem to
exert this attractive force. (6)

it is called, D.M., i. 1. G.Lc., vi 1. A.,
XVI. xii. 2, et al.

is different,
So,, A,
XIX. xxiii. a. (7) Observe the idiom in
A., VI. iii. 3; XI. vii. 1, 2, XXV. 12;
XVIII. i. 1. (Wang Yin-chih explains
these cases by takingas-‡.) (8)

and comes under (2).

, how, A., III xix; XL xxi,

et al. (9), died with, or for, him,
A., XIV. xvii. 1. (10) A
末之難,A,

XIV. xlii. 3. (11) 2-, in regard

to, G.L.o., viii. I; but this is doubtful.
(12)-, this, G.L.c., ix. 6. (13) As

a verb. To go, or come, to, A., V. xviii. a;

XIII. xix, et al. (I do not think that Wang
Yin-chih gives this meaning of .) (14)
Part of a man's name, A., VI. xiii.

乘 To mount, to ride;_ spoken of horses,

carriages, boats, A., V. vi; VI. iii. a;
XV. L. 3, XXV.

shăng
乘 The 3rd tone.

(1) A carriage, A., I.

chăng V. vii. a, 3, et al. G.LO., L. 22. (2) A

team of four horses, A., V. xviii. 2.

THE 5TH RADICAL, Z.

Nine, A., VI. iii. 3; VIII. xx. 3; XVI. x.
, the nine rude tribes on the east,

A., IX. xiii. I., the nine standard

rules of government, D.M., xx. 12, 15.

The Ist tone. To collect, A., XIV.
xvii. 2.

To beg, A., V. xxiii.

(1) A particle used at the end of
sentences. Sometimes it might be dis-
pensed with, and at others it is felt to be
necessary, not only to the euphony and
strength of the style, but also to give clear-
ness and definiteness to the meaning, A.,
I. ii. 1, X. 1; X. i, ii. 1, 2, iii. 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, et passim. So also in G.L. and D.M.
It closes also the different clauses in a
long predicate, where we might use the
semicolon in Englishi, D.M., xx. 8, et al.
(a) It is used after proper names, after
some adverbs, and after a clause, in the
first member of a sentence, and may be
construed as as to, the Latin quoad. A.,
I. L. 1, 2, XV. 3; X. a; XI. xii. 1, xiv. 2,
XV, xvi. 1, xvii. 1, 2, 3, 4, et passim. So,
in G.L. and D.M. In these cases it is
followed at the end of the sentence by
another particle,—itself,,,.

(3) As correlate of, in explanation
of terms, G.L.c., iii. 4, vi. x, x. 7.

D.M.

xxv. A., III. viii. 3; XII. xvii., et al., saepe.

(4) At the end of sentences, we find

也, sometimes preceded by 者,

some-

times not. In these cases 者 may often
be explained as imparting a participial or
adjective power to other characters, but
not so always, A., V. xxvi ; VI. ii; VII.
xix; et saepe. So, in G.L. and D.M. (5)
in the first member of a sentence,

resuming a previous word, and followed

by an explanation or account of it, A.,
I. ii. a. D.M., i. 2, 4, et al., saepe. (6)
- interrogative, A., II. xxiii. 1;
V. xvii; VI. xxiv. (7) As a final, it
appears often followed by other par-

ticles一也與也已;也已矣:
也夫;也哉

(1) To confound; unregulated; con.
fusion, insurrection, A., VII. xx; VIIL
ii, x, xiii. 2; X. viii. 4; XV. xxvi; XVII.

viii. 3, xviii, xxiii; XVIII. v. 5. 1

, to raise confusion, or insurrection,

A., L. ii. 1. G.L.T., 7. G.LO., ix. 3.
D.M., XX. 14. (2) To put in order; able
to govern, A., VIII. xx. 2. (3) The
name of a certain part in a musical
service, A., VIII. xv.

THE 6TH RADICAL, ]

(1) I, me, my, A., III. viii. 3; VI.

xxvi; VII. xxii, et al. D.M., vii, xxxiii.
6. (2) Name of a disciple of Confucius,
A., V. ix. 1, 2; XVII. xxi. 6.

(1) An affair, affairs; business, A., I. v,
xiv; III. viii. 2, xv ; XV. i. 1, et al., saepe.
G.L.T., 3. G.L.c., ix. 3, x. 21. D.M.,
xix. 2; xx. 16., having trouble-

some affairs, A., II. viii. Having an

2.

affair with, A., XVI. i. a., to
從事,
pursue business, A., VIII. v; XVII. i. 2.
, to manage business, A., XIII.
xix. (2) Labours; the results of labour,
A., XII. xxi. 3; XV. ix; XIX. vii. D.M.,
XX. 14. (3) To serve, A., IX. xv. D.M.,

xix. 5, el passim. (4) fu

probably, what diff-
culty has he in practising benevolence?
so that it may be classed under (1), A.,
VI. xxviii. 1.

THE 7TH RADICAL,.

(1) Two, A., III. xiv ; XII. vii. 3, ix.

3, et al. (2), see

(3)

In, on, to, from, A., II iv. 1, xxi. 2;
XX. i. 3, et al. G.L.c., iii. 2, et al. D.M.,
xvii. 4, et al.

(1) Says, saying, generally in quota-
tions, A., II. xxi. 2; IX. vi. 4; XIV.
xliii. 1 ; XIX. iii; xxiii. 4.
often

in G.L. and D.M. Observe A., XVII. vi.

(a) Closing a sentence, and apparently

30, A., VII. xviii. a, xxxiii. It is gener-

ally followed by such particles as 爾
爾已矣

Five, D.M., xx. 8. A., II. iv. I, 4;
XX. ii. 1, et al.

, the name of a village, A.,

VII. xxviii.

A well, A., VL xxiv. 1.

The 4th tone. Frequently, A., XVII.

i. 2.

yǎ

t

wang

t

гой

-the band-master at the
seoond meal, A., XVIII. ix. 2,

THE 8TH RADICAL,

(1) The dead, D.M., xix. 5, xX. 2. (2)
To perish, to go to ruin, D.M., xxiv,
xxxiii. 1. (3) To cause to perish, A., VI.
viii. (4) Not at home, A., XVII. i. 1.
, a fugitive, G.La., I. 13.

Used as, not having, being with-
out, A., III. v; VI. ii; VII. xxv. 3; XI.
vi; XII. v. 1; XV. xxv; XVII. xvi. 1 ;

XIX. ii, v.

meaning officers. D.M., xvii. 4. A., XI.

xxiv. 3. (3) playing the man,

the style of man, A., I. ii; VIII. xix. 1

(為君) Observe人君人必人
子人臣, G.La, iii 3 (4) 小人,

the mean man, opposed to,passim.
(5), the Sage, A., VII. xxv; XVI.
viii. 1, a; XIX. xii. 2. D.M., xii. 2, xvii.
1, IX. 18, xxvii. 1, xxix. 3, 4. (6) P
A, disciples, A., IV. xv. 2; VII. xxviii.
1, et al. (7), all the people, the
masses, A., XVI. ii. 3. G.L.T., 6. D.M.,
xviii. 3. (8), the good man, A.,
VII. xxv. 2, et al. (9), the com-
plete man, A., XIV. xiii. (10),
a woman, A., VIII. xx. 3. (11) ★ ^,

the designation of the wife of the prince
of a State, A., XVI. xiv. (12) Used in
designations of officers, like our word
man in huntsman., the border-

warden, A., III xxiv. 行人,the

manager of foreign intercourse, A., XIV.
ix.

Is found passim. (1) Benevolence. (2)
Perfect virtue.

(1) Now; the present, modern, time,
saepe. (2) Used logically, by way of in-
ference, A., XI. xxiii. 4; XVI. i. 8, 12
D.M., xxvi. 9.

According as, A., XI. xiii. 2.

To take to be in-office, A., V. v, xviii ;
XV. vi. a; XVII. i. a; XVIII. vii. 5;
XIX. xiii.

Other, another, A., V. xviii. a; X. xi.
1; XVI. xiii. 3; XIX. xviii, xxiv. G.L.C.,
X. 14.

A measure of eight cubits, A., XIX.
xxiii. 3.

(1) Instead of, alternate, D.M., II.
2. (2) A dynasty., the three
dynasties ;-Hsia, Shang, and Châu, A.,

XV. xxiv. 2; III. xiv (1)

(1) To order, A., XIII vi; XX. ii. 3.
G.L.O.
ix. 4. (2) Excellent, D.M., xvii.

4. (3) Specious, insinuating, A., L. iii;

V. xxiv. (4), designation of the
chief minister of Ch'û, A., V. xviii. 1.

(1) To do, A., II. x. I. Rarely found
in this sense. ?A., XI. xxv. 3. (a) By.
with, according to, and perhaps other
English prepositions, G.L.o., ix. 4. D.M.,
xviii. 3, XX. 4. A., I. v; II. i, iii. 1, 2, v.

3, et passim. To this belong
therefore, that by which;

hence;

, whereby-which are found
passim. (3) To take. This use is analo-

gous to the preceding, but the pre-
cedes the verb, and is often followed by
it without an intervening object, as in

以告以與以爲to take

=

to be, to consider, to be considered.
Examples occur passim. We may refer
to it the use of sometimes at the
beginning of a sentence, considering,
take it that. (4). To, so as to, G.L.I., 6.
G.LO., X. 18. D.M., I. 3, xvii. 6, 7;
XXIX. 3, 4, 6. A., II. ii, ix; IIL xxiii;
VII. 1, 2, et passim. Sometimes we might
translate in these cases by-and thereby. But

not so in such cases as 以至,以上

T, &c. (5) It is often found after
., may, may be. (6) To use,
to be used, A., III. xxi; X. xvi. a; XIII.
xiv; XVIII. x. (7) The following in-