refuted by reason, our Author took an effectual method to obviate that calumny. In the mean time, at the chancellor's request, he likewise wrote a confutation of some of the chief of those principles, and sent them to archbishop Parker, in a letter dated December 29, with an intention to publish them, but was prevented. In 1671, he served the office of vice-chancellor. The same year an order was made by the archbishop and bishops, that all those who had obtained faculties to preach, should surrender them before the third of August; and that upon their subscription to the thirty-nine articles, and other constitutions and ordinances agreed upon, new licences should be granted. This being signified to the university, and an order sent, requiring them to call in all the faculties granted before, our Author in pursuance thereof surrendered his former liscence, obtained in 1566, and had another granted him September 17, 1571, wherein he was likewise constituted one of the university-preachers. June the nineteenth, in consequence of the queen's nomination, he was elected dean of Lincoln, into which dignity he was installed August the second following. October the thirtyfirst he obtained a dispensation from the archbishop, impowering him, together with his deanery, his prebend of Ely, and rectory of Teversham (besides the mastership of Trinity-College) to hold any other benefice whatsoever. Towards the end of the same year he preached the Latin sermon at the meeting of the convocation, being then proctor for the clergy and chapter of Ely. May the fourteenth, the next year, he was presented to the lower house for their prolocutor and chosen. In August the same year, he resigned the rectory of Teversham.

He was now, by particular apointment from the archbishop of Canterbury, writing his answer to the Admonition, which requiring more ease of mind and leisure hours than the execution of his office as master of Trinity-College (where he met with much trouble and opposition) seemed to allow of, he even desired to leave the university. However, the heads applied to the chancellor in a letter dated September the twenty-eighth, to prevent it. He had a little before, in the same month this year, expelled Cartwright from his fellowship, for not taking orders in due time, according to the statute of the colleges. November the second, by the appointment of the bishop of London, he preached at Paul's Cross; and before the expiration of the year came out his answer to the Admonition.'

As archbishop Parker was the chief person that set Whitgift about this work, so he gave him considerable assistance therein; and the several parts of the copy as it was finished were sent to him to revise; and Cooper, bishop of Lincoln, another of the most learned bishops of that time, together with other bishops and learned men, were consulted with. For, in September 1572, the doctor having made an end of his confutation, as soon as he had written out fair the first part of it, he sent it to the bishop of Ely, (Dr Cox,) Dr Perne, (dean of Ely,) and some other learned men, for them to peruse; and then afterwards, for the last perusal of it, it was by him sent to the archbishop of Canterbury, accompanied with a letter, dated from Trinity-college, September the twenty-first; and shortly after having transcribed the second part, which the bishop of Lincoln had read over, he sent that also to the archbishop, with a letter, bearing date October the twentyfirst, from Ely, desiring his grace to peruse it, and to correct it as should seem good to him; he likewise desired to be directed by the archbishop to whom he should dedicate it, whether to the queen or parliament, as Cartwright had done, or any other; and lastly he prayed his grace, that the printer might be charged not to give a copy of it, or a sheet of it, till all were printed. In this letter he acquainted the archbishop, that he had an Epistle of Mr Gualter (the learned divine of Zurich) written of late to the bishop of Ely (a copy of which he sent him inclosed,} which would be, he said, a very fit answer for the Epistle of the same eminent foreigner set at the end of the Admonition by the compilers of it, as favouring their cause. He did not know the bishop of Ely's pleasure, whether he would have it printed; but he told his lordship, the archbishop, that he would resort unto his lordship of Ely for the same. It appears that he had that bishop's leave, this letter being published in Latin and English at the end of his book, with this preface: And forasmuch as the authors of the Admonition, for their better credit, had set down in print the Epistles of Mr Beza and Mr Gualter, so he thought good to set down an Epistle of Mr Gualter, revoking the same upon better information; as also another of Mr Bullinger, chief minister of Zurich, concerning the same subject. So that (as Mr Strype observes,) in this book, taking in his defence printed a year or two after, may be seen all the arguments and policy used in those times for laying episcopacy and the liturgy aside, and all the exceptions to them drawn up to the best ad

vantage;

vantage; and herein also are subjoined a full and particular answer and refutation of the one, and vindication of the other; together with the favourable sense of the learned men abroad, as Peter Martyr, Bucer, Zuinglius, Bullinger, Calvin, Gualter, expressed in their letters, or other writings of theirs, and their approbation of this church's frame and discipline, and the government of it by bishops. Mr Strype was of opinion, that this book may be justly esteemed and applied to as one of the public books of the church of England concerning her profession and principles, and as being of the like authority in respect to its worship and government, in opposition to the disciplinarians, as bishop Jewel's Apology and Defence in respect of the Reformation and doctrine of it, in opposition to the Papists. It was first printed in 4to, and reprinted the year following, with this title: An Answer to a certain Libel, intitled, An Admonition to the Parliament, by John Whitgift, D. of Divinity, newlie augmented by the Authour, as by Conference shall appear. Imprinted at London by Henrie Bynneman, for Humfrey Toy, Anno 1573. To this a reply being published by Mr Cartwright the next year, 1573, our Author wrote his defence the same year.

In 1575, a Rejoinder being published by Cartwright to our Author's Defence, he consulted his friends upon it, who advising him to let it pass as not worthy his notice; he yielded to that opinion. Amongst others who dissuaded him, the learned Dr Whitaker, (though himself much inclined to favour Puritanism) was one; who, in a letter to Dr Whitgift upon this occasion, has these words: Quem Cartwrightus nuper smisit libellum ejus magnam partem perlegi: Ne vivam, si quid unquam viderim dissolutius ac pene puerilius. Verborum satis ille quidem lautam novamque supellectilem habet, rerum omnino nullam quantum ego judicare possum. Deinde non modo perverse de principis in rebus sacris & ecclesiasticis authoritate sentit, sed in Papistarum etiam castra transfugit, a quibus tamen videri vult odio capitali dissidere. Verum nec in hac causá. ferendus, sed aliis etiam in partibus tela a Papistis mutuatur. Denique, ut de Ambrosio dixit Hieronymus,-verbis ludit, sententiis dormitat, & plane indignus est, qui a quoquam docto refutetur. Thus translated by Dr Bancroft: I have read a great part of that book which Mr Cartwright hath lately published. I pray God I live not, if ever I saw any thing more loosely written, and almost more childishly. It is true, for words he hath a great store,

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and those both fine and new; but for matter, as far as I can judge, he is altogether barren. Moreover, he doth not only think perversely of the authority of princes in matters ecclesiastical, but also flyeth unto the Pa pists holds, from whom he would be thought to dissent with a mortal hatred. But in this point he is not to be ‹ endured, and in other points also he borroweth his argu'ments from the Papists. To conclude, as Jerom said of Ambrose, he playeth with words, and is lame in his sentiments, and is altogether unworthy to be confuted by any man of learning.'

At the same time Whitgift appeared, with that warmth that was natural to his temper, against a design, then on foot, of abolishing pluralities, and taking away the impropriations, and tythes, from bishops, and spiritual (not including temporal) persons, for the better provision of the poorer clergy. March the 24th, the last day of the year 1576, he was nominated to the bishopric of Worcester, to which being confirmed, April 16, he was consecrated April the 21st, 1577; and as this bishopric brought him into the council for the marches of Wales, he was presently after appointed vice-president of those marches in the absence of Sir Henry Sydney, lord president, made lord lieutenant of Ireland. He did not resign his mastership of Trinity-college till June; and in the interim procured a letter from the chancellor in order to prevent the practice (then in use) of taking money for the resignation of fellowships.

The queen had it in her eye to raise him to the highest dignity in the church before her intentions took place, and shewed an inclination, as was said, to put him into archbishop Grindal's room before that prelate's death. So much is certain, that Grindal, in the condition he then was, had been desirous to resign, and as desirous of Whitgift for his successor; but Whitgift could not be persuaded upon to comply with it; and in the queen's presence begged her pardon for not accepting thereof upon any condition whatsoever, during the life of the other. But upon Grindal's death, which happened the sixth of July, 1583, the queen nominated Whitgift to succeed him, August the fourteenth following; and accordingly he was elected the twenty-third of the same month, and confirmed the twenty-third of September. On the seventeenth of November, the queen's accession happening on a Sunday, he preached at St Paul's Cross upon this text, Put them

in mind to be subject to principalities, &c. Titus iii. At his first entrance upon this charge, he found the archbishopric over-rated, and procured an order for the abatement of one hundred pounds to him and his successors, on the payment of first-fruits. He shortly after recovered from the queen, as part of the possessions of the archbishopric, Long-Beech Wood in Kent, which had been many years detained from his predecessor by Sir James Croft, comptroller of her majesty's household. But that

court.

which most concerned him was to see the established uniformity of the church in so great disorder as it was from the non-complying Puritans, who, taking advantage of his predecessor's easiness in that respect, were possessed of a great many ecclesiastical benefices and preferments, in which they were supported by some of the principal men at He therefore set himself with extraordinary zeal and vigour to reform those infringements of the constitution, for which he had the queen's express orders. With this view, on the fifth of December this year, he moved for an ecclesiastical commission, which was soon after issued to him with the bishop of London, and several others. To the same purpose in 1584, he drew up a form of examination, containing twenty-four articles, which he sent to the bishops of his province, enjoining them to summon all such clergy as in their respective dioceses were suspected of nonconformity, and to require them to answer those articles severally upon oath ex officio mero, likewise to subscribe to the queen's supremacy, the Book of Common Prayer, and the thirty-nine articles of religion.

At the same time he held conferences with several of the Puritans, and by that means brought some to a compliance; and when others appealed from the ecclesiastical commission to the council, he resolutely asserted his juris-. diction, and vindicated his proceedings at the peril of his life, and even in some cases against the opinion of lord Burleigh, who was his chief friend there. He waited this year also, about these matters, upon the queen, who had been solicited in favour of some of the innovators against the liturgy, and soon after sent her highness his answer to all their most plausible objections that were commonly urged by them, and gave her several reasons why the discipline was rather to be suppressed, than by writing confuted. In the mean time he prevailed to have some of the sees filled, that had been vacant ever since the ejection of the popish bishops; and obtained a promise