克告於君君爲來見也 同日否 以 所棺而士 可前 子瑜衣以以君 是 篇見也衾 五大 大所以孟孟 來孟貧之鼎夫謂不子軻 見子富美與前踰往之也。 也曰不也。曰者見後日 He said, Prince, why have you not gone to see Măng K'o?' The duke said, 'One told me that, on the occasion of the scholar Mang's second mourning, his observances exceeded those of the former. It is on that account that I have not gone to see him.' 'How is this!' answered Yo-chăng. By what you call "exceeding," you mean, I suppose, that, on the first occasion, he used the rites appropriate to a scholar, and, on the second, those appropriate to a great officer; that he first used three tripods, and afterwards five tripods.' The duke said, ‘No; I refer to the greater excellence of the coffin, the shell, the grave-clothes, and the shroud.' Yo-chăng said, That cannot be called "exceeding." That was the difference between being poor and being rich.' 3. After this, Yo-chăng saw Mencius, and said to him, 'I told going out, half-ashamed at the same time to do | But his father died, according to the received so, to offer the due respect to him as a professor accounts, when he was only a child of three of moral and political science, by visiting him years old. We must suppose that the favourite and asking his services. The author of the 書拓餘說 approves of the view that the incident in this chapter is to be referred to the 4th year of the sovereign赧. B. C. 311, but the chronology of the duke P'ing is very confused. invented the story. I have retained the surname Mäng here, as suiting the paragraph better than Mencius 2 is a double surname. This individual, whose name was K'o ( | see par. 3), was a disciple of Mencius The 所之-之-往:何哉 is an exclama. State, and the name of his offco passing over tion of surprise, extending back to to become the designation of his descendants. The tripods contained the offerings of meat used Io 以為賢乎,the 乎 is hardly so much in sacrifice. The sovereign uied nine, the prince as an interrogation. I have given its force by of a State seven, a great officer five, and a scholar three. To each tripod belonged its appropriate does not indicate the -'I suppose.' origin of rites and right, but only their exhibi. kind of leah 3 君為來一篇 sth tone, tion. The first occasion of Mencius's mourning = 'therefore,' i.e. in consequence of what You referred to was that, it is said, for his father. chăng had said, the duke was going to visit 遇 氏之子焉能 使氏魯也止止 日以者嬖 人 果君有 不 哉能臧遇有 倉 君臧 the prince about you, and he was consequently coming to see you, when one of his favourites, named Tsang Ts'ang, stopped him, and therefore he did not come according to his purpose.' Mencius said, ‘A man's advancement is effected, it may be, by others, and the stopping him is, it may be, from the efforts of others. But to advance a man or to stop his advance is really beyond the power of other men. My not finding in the prince of Lû a ruler who would confide in me, and put my counsels into practice, is from Heaven. How could that scion of the Tsang family cause me not to find the ruler that would suit me?' Mencius. is read in the 3rd and 4th really conveys all the meaning in the tones, both with the same meaning, = 止, to translation, however periphrastic that may stop' 不遇魯君 is not spoken merely seem. With this reference of Mencius to with reference to the duke's not coming, as Heaven, compare the language of Confucius. he had purposed, to meet him. The phrase Analects, VII. xxii; IX. v; XIV. xxxviii. BOOK II. KUNG-SUN CHÂU. PART I. 吾路乎 日之當 會晏子 子功路 公孫丑問日夫子 公孫丑章句上 所西吾人許管問 管畏 仲也然與或知 季 孰日日子問管子子 CHAPTER I. 1. Kung-sun Châu asked Mencius, saying, Master, if you were to obtain the ordering of the government in Ch'i, could you promise yourself to accomplish anew such results as those realized by Kwan Chung and Yen?' 2. Mencius said, 'You are indeed a true man of Ch'i. You know about Kwan Chung and Yen, and nothing more. 3. ‘Some one asked Tsang Hsi, saying, “ Sir, to which do you give the superiority,-to yourself or to Tsze-lu?" Tsang Hat looked uneasy, and said, " He was an object of veneration to my grandfather.” Chao Ch'i says,-當仕 TrwLE OF THHs Boox. The name of Kung-sun literally, ‘in a way. Ch'au, a disciple of Mencius, heading the first chapter, the book is named from him accord ' in an official way,' and Chût Hsi, ingly. On 章句上se note on the title 地, 'to occupy an important position.’The of the first Book. 1. WHILE MENCIUS WISHED TO SEE A TRUE gloss in the says:— 當路 操 ROYAL GOVERNMENT AND SWAY IN THE KINGDOM, E to grasp the handle of government.' AND COULD EASILY HAVE REALIZED IT, FROM THE PECULIAR CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE TIME, HE WOULD The analogous phrase is used now to describe an officer's appointment. 管仲一 NOT, TO DO SO, HAVE HAD REOOURSE TO ANY WAYB INCONSISTENT WITH ITS IDEA. I. Kung-sun Ch'au, one of Mencius's disciples, belonged to Ch'i, and see Confucian Analects, III. xxii; XIV. x, xvii, was probably a cadet of the ducal family. The xviii 晏子- -see Analects, V. xvi; Mensons of the princes were generally 公子; cius, I. Pt. II. iv. 3. Tsang Hei was the grand. their sons again, A, ducal grandsons, son, according to Chão Ch'i and Chú Hat, of and those two characters became the surname Tsang Shăn, the famous disciple of Confucius. of their descendants, who mingled with the un- Others say he was Shǎn's son. It is a moot-point. distinguished classes of the people. 當路孰賢,compare Analecta, XI. xv. 蹴然 晏 君為仲也彼如會賢 子霸我 會 於艴 平管悅 也。足 1乎。 化功 予烈 管為不 顯 也是。彼| 則以管以而日其政得爾 弟齊仲其子管卑如君何 “ Then,” pursued the other, “ Do you give the superiority to yourself or to Kwan Chung?" Tsăng Hst, flushed with anger and displeased, said, "How dare you compare me with Kwan Chung? Considering how entirely Kwan Chung possessed the confidence of his prince, how long he enjoyed the direction of the government of the State, and how low, after all, was what he accomplished,-how is it that you liken me to him ?” 6 4. ' Thus,' concluded Mencius, Tsang Hst would not play Kwan Chung, and is it what you desire for me that I should do so ?? 5. Kung-sun Ch'du said, 'Kwan Chung raised his prince to be the leader of all the other princes, and Yen made his prince illustrious, and do you still think it would not be enough for you to do what they did ?? 6. Mencius answered, 'To raise Ch'i to the royal dignity would be as easy as it is to turn round the hand.' 7. 'So!' returned the other. The perplexity of your disciple according to Cha, is不安貌 as in the the duke Hwan. 4. 為我一篇 4th tone, translation The dictionary gives it, 敬貌 on my behalf' Sun Shih (孫奭), the ‘the appearance of reverence.’先子,we paraphrast of Chao Ch'i, takes it as w as see what a wide application this character Do you think that I desire to do so? This does not appear to be Ch'T's own interpretation. hae 何會一貫 is not to be taken as if it s 管仲晏子猶不足為與 were the sign of the present complete tense, though in the dictionary this passage is quoted literally, and are Kwan Chung and Yen still under that signification of the character. It is not sufficient to be played ?” 7. 若是in ·則 or 乃. For more than forty years this case; but by using our exolamatory Sol Kwan Chung possessed the entire confidence of the spirit of the remark is brought out. B here w 也丁下於與。言 百 紂朝歸武王王年 俗之諸殷丁文若周而惑 流去侯久賢王男公後滋 風武有何然崩甚 善 丁.天 久之 之猶 政 未下 到君當文然未以 猶久猶難 也王後洽文 有也運變七由不大於 存其之也作湯足行 者故掌武天至法今 下德 is hereby very much increased. There was king Wan, moreover, with all the virtue which belonged to him; and who did not die till he had reached a hundred years :-and still his influence had not penetrated throughout the kingdom. It required king Wû and the duke of Châu to continue his course, before that influence greatly prevailed. Now you say that the royal dignity might be so easily obtained:-is king Wan then not a sufficient object for imitation?" 8. Mencius said, How can king Wăn be matched ? From T'ang to Wa-ting there had appeared six or seven worthy and sage sovereigns. The kingdom had been attached to Yin for a long time, and this length of time made a change difficult. Wa-ting had all the princes coming to his court, and possessed the kingdom as if it had been a thing which he moved round in his palm. Then, Châu was removed from Wu-ting by no great interval of time. There were still remaining some of the ancient families and of the old manners, of the influence also which had emanated from the earlier sovereigns, and of their good government. Moreover, there were the viscount of introduces a new subject, and a stronger one for eighteen sovereigns, exclusive of themselves, the point in hand. King Wän died at 97.- and from Wû-ting to Châu (1323–1153) seven. Ch'au uses the round number. 今言王朝(or'do), and tone, used as in Bk. I. Pt. L. vii. 若易然-今言王齊若是之易 zodol 微子,比干,箕子, Ana然‘Now you say that Ch f might be raised to leots, XVIII. i. The latter two are 王子 the royal sway thus easily.' 8. From Tang to Wü-ting (B. C. 1763-1923) there were altogether as being uncles of Châu, royal sons. -800 |