Buxtorfs, Gerard, Glass, Voet, Flacius Illyricus, Lightfoot, Leusden, and others. Cappell, in 1624, though wrong on the question of criticism, adopted the opinions of a learned Jew, Elias Levita, who wrote in 1520, and of some Jewish and Christian writers even before the days of Levita, and first took strong ground in denying the antiquity of the Hebrew points, and tracing them to the school of the Masoretes. Still, the question was not determined. Schultens, in 1737, followed by Michaelis, adopted an intermediate course, contending that some points had been in use from the earliest ages of the language. Eichhorn and Gesenius were inclined to believe in the existence of some points before the Talmud and the days of Jerome. It was only in 1830 that Hupfeld is considered to have set the question at rest, by proving the Masoretic punctuation to have been unknown both to the authors of the Talmud and to Jerome. It is a question which it has taken the discussion of centuries to settle, and some may even yet be disposed to think that all the difficulties connected with Hupfeld's view are not eliminated from it, and that some apparatus corresponding to the points must have been needed to secure uniformity in Hebrew pronunciation during successive ages, and in all parts of the world, wherever in ancient times there were Jews to speak their own tongue or read their own Scriptures. Owen erred in various matters of detail; but the same allegation, though not to the same extent, might be made respecting Walton, who advanced opinions in the controversy which no modern scholar would endorse with his sanction. Owen erred also in betraying a nervous sensitiveness, lest an imposing array of various readings should invalidate the authority of the sacred text. The spirit in which Walton replied, however, cannot be justified, transmuting the hypothetical reasonings of his adversary into positive averments, and applying to the Polyglott what he wrote against Bellarmine, Leo Castrius, Morin, and Cappell, whose principles of criticism were notoriously unsound and dangerous. Owen begins the following treatise by stating, that after he had finished, but before he had sent off, the manuscript of the preceding treatise "On the Original of Scripture," the London Polyglott had reached him. "Palpable untruth!" exclaimed Walton, "for in that treatise there are two references to the Polyglott;"-as if they could not have been inserted after he had seen it, the more especially as on seeing it Owen declares that he took time for consideration. It is to be wished that he had taken more time, and been more guarded, and less rash on this occasion. He would have been less open in minor details to the rebukes of his learned and haughty antagonist; with whom, after all, we cannot help feeling some degree of sympathy, in his fears lest the rude breath of jealous criticism should scorch the laurel due to his brow for devising and completing that stupendous monument of enterprise, learning, and industry, the Biblia Sacra Polyglotta Londini. RECENT BRITISH PUBLICATIONS. I. BIBLICAL LITERATURE. The Bible in the Middle Ages. By Leicester Buckingham. Notes on the Book of Daniel. By Rev. Albert Barnes. 2 vols. II. THEOLOGY. Theological Essays. By the Rev. F. D. Maurice. 8vo. Incidents in the Life of our Saviour; illustrated by his Divine Character and Mission. By Rev. A. L. R. Foote. The Cherubim and the Apocalypse. By Alexander Macleod. The Warburton Lectures of 1852. By the Rev. E. B. Elliot, M. A. 1 vol. 8vo. III. CHURCH HISTORY, ANTIQUITIES, AND STATISTICS. The History of the Early Christians. By Samuel Eliot. 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The most recent Historical School in Jewish Literature; with an Account of the Hebrew Works of Leopold Duke, connected with this Department. 8vo. pp. 32. A. Theiner. Letters, Briefs, and some other Acts of Clement XIV. ; Illustrating his Pontificate, Drawn from the Secret Archives of the Vatican, and now just published. 8vo. pp. 403. History of the Pontificate of Clement XIV., from unpublished State Papers in the Secret Archives of the Vatican. 2 vols. 8vo. G. Weber. History of the Non-Catholic Churches and Sects of Great Britain. Part I. Vol. II. The Constructive part of the Reformation, and the Forming of the Puritan Sects. 8vo, pp. 704. J. A. Helfert, Huss and Jerome. 8vo, pp. 332. C. Vehre, History of the German Courts since the Reformation. Vol xxi. 8vo, pp. 332. J. Brandis. Rerum Assyriarum tempora emendata. Commentatio, W. F. Rinck. Religion of the Hellenes developed, from the Myths, P. Schegg. History of the Last Prophets. Part. I. 8vo, pp. 203. C. B. Moll. The System of Practical Theology presented in Outline. 8vo, pp 878. J. Köstlin. Luther's Doctrine of the Church. 8vo, pp. 216. A. F. O. Munchmeyer. The Office of the New Testament, according to the Doctrine of Scripture and the Lutheran Confessions. 8vo, pp. 82. BRITISH AND FOREIGN EVANGELICAL REVIEW. DECEMBER 1853. ART. I.-James Hervey, and the Evangelism of his Times. WE shall not occupy the time of our readers by investigating the causes that led to the almost total extinction of evangelical doctrine in the Church of England during the early part of last century. The fact is unquestionable, and has been acknowledged by the most intelligent writers of that communion. Pelagianism, so clearly condemned in her standard books, had found its way into the high places of the church, and held undisputed possession of her pulpits. The fountain-error of Socinianism that which assigns to Reason the chair of authority, and summons Revelation to stand at its bar, that her doctrines may be received or rejected, as they agree or disagree with its dictates-had been embraced long before the distinguishing tenets of that system were openly avowed. And, with the exception of a struggle for the deity of the Saviour, thirty years of that century elapsed without any perceptible improvement. "At that time," says Middleton, minister who ventured to maintain her articles and homilies in doctrine, and who supported them by a holy practice, was a kind of prodigy, and met with nothing but censure, persecution, and hard names, from all ranks and sorts of men. Our pulpits sounded with morality, deduced from the principles of nature and the fitness of things, with no relation to Christ or the Holy Ghost; and in consequence of this, our streets have resounded with heathen immorality."* a Matters were not so bad among the English dissenters; yet a great change to the worse had come over them also, and was advancing with accelerated speed. Many of them, who had resisted the infection of Arianism, had lost the vigorous and NO. VII. * Middleton's Biographia Evangelica. 3 G |