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Pool.-Unto the lowest hell, or, unto hell, or the graves beneath. The sense is, it shall not only burn up all the corn and fruits and buildings which appear above ground, but it shall reach to the inwards and depths of the earth, and burn up the very roots and hopes of future increase.

Bp. Patrick.-22 For a fire is kindled in mine anger.] Great and sore calamities are compared to fire in Scripture (Ezek. xxx. 8). Burn unto the lowest hell. Never cease till

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m. verbal. adj. intrans. sucked out, exhausted: once Deut. xxxii. 24, 7, exhausted with famine. Sept. Tηкóμevo Xu, Vulg. consumentur fame.

they have destroyed them. For hell and destruction seem to be the same (Prov. xv. 11). And therefore the lowest hell signifies the depth of misery. Consume the m. a difficult word, concerning the earth with her increase. Make an utter deso- signification of which different opinions and lation in the country (Isa. i. 7). Set on fire views are entertained. The following order the foundations of the mountains. Subvert of significations appears in reference to conthe strongest fortresses, which were accounted nexion the most certain and most easy. impregnable. Such as Jerusalem (which Rasi thinks is here meant), in whose last destruction this was perfectly fulfilled, as was in part at the first (2 Kings xxv. 9).

Ver. 24.

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1. Flame, glowing fire. (So it is plainly understood by the Chald. in Ps. lxxviii. 48: it, flames of fire, and the Hebrew interpreters, e. g. Kimchi, render it by burning coals, glowing coals, i. q. 77 q. v.) Thus it is most clear, Cant. viii. 6: p mynai N, the glowings of it (of love) are flames of fire, a flame of Jehovah. Vulg., lampades ejus. Syr., radii. sexta: σπινθρακες. Αλλ. λαμπάδες. Gr. Venet., ävepakes. Especially

τηκόμενοι λιμῷ καὶ βρώσει ὀρνέων, καὶ ὀπισθότονος ανίατος. ¿dóντas Onpiov èñaποστελῶ εἰς αὐτοὺς, μετὰ θυμοῦ συρόντων ἐπὶ γῆν.

Vers.

2. Flame of Jehovah, lightning. So, probably, Ps. lxxviii. 48, in which it stands in parall. with hail-shower, and in which all old translators render it by fire. The Rabbies might have retained here also their explanaAu. Ver.-21 They shall be burnt with tion coals, and adduced Ps. xviii. 9, where hunger, and devoured with burning heat, coals of fire, is used for lightning. [Heb., burning coals], and with bitter de- (It might also otherwise be referred to No. 3.) struction: I will also send the teeth of beasts upon them, with the poison of serpents of the dust.

Ken.

Ps. lxxvi. 4: n, lightning, flashes of the bow, a poetical expression for arrows. Comp. Ferdusi in Jones de Poesi Asiatica, ed. Eichhorn, p. 250: Sagittas, flammis

Scorched with hunger, and devoured with similes, in illum effudi. burning heat,

3. A burning, venomous disease, compare

The bird of destruction shall be bitter top, heat, and poison. Deut. xxxii. 24: them:

And the tooth of beasts will I send upon
them,

With the poison of serpents of the dust.
Bp. Horsley.-24 Literally,

Leanness of famine, and devourings of
burning heat,

And bitter plagues of the solstitial disease, And the tooth of beasts I will send upon them,

With the venom of the serpent of the dust.

, consumed by a venomous disease. (Greek, Venet. Tupéro. Arab., febri caloris.) It occurs here between the corresponding words, famine, and 2, disease. So likewise probably Hab. iii. 5, where in the parallel member of the passage stands 77, pest. This passage may be referred to No. 2, and be rendered by lightnings. (Chald., flamma ignis.) In this view of the word,

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the most difficult.

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given, however, by Kimchi and Targum, who take it in the signification of No. 2, for sons of the flames, or coals, i. e., sparks, and Cocceius finds the point of comparison in the high flight, and quick disappearance of the spark, compare, xx. 8; Ps. xc. 10. But the expression to fly on high, which (Job xxxix. 27, 30) is used, though in an elliptical sense, of the eagle, long ago duced the old translators, LXX, Vulg., Aqu. Symm., Syr., Arab. to adopt here the signification of bird, bird of prey; from which J. D. Michaëlis (Beurtheilung der Mittel, die Hebr. sprache zu verstchen, p. 298—307, and Supplem., p. 2269), proceeds to take it as a principal signification in the other passages. He compares moreover the Arab

ew, VIII. in altum elatus, sublatus est, but with respect to which it is very doubtful, whether it is to be applied to flying. His

arrangements are as follows:

Ex

Professor Lee.-, r. non occ. Arab.
6, auxit, redup;, huc illuc novit, et
agitavit. Whence, pl. constr. 1,
hausted, reduced, of (by) famine; or, agi-
tated, perplexed, &c., once, Deut. xxxii. 24.
, cogn. 737, which see. Burning.

(a) A burning coal. (b) Lightning. (c):7
, and E, Ignited arrows. (d) 1
burning, wasting disease. (e) The heat of
any strong passion. (a) Cant. viii. 6. (b)
Ps. lxxviii. 48; Hab. iii. 5. (c) Job v. 7,

where see the note; Ps. lxxvi. 4. (d) Deut.
xxxii. 21. (e) Cant. viii. 6. Some have
supposed this word to signify a bird, pec. a
bird of prey, and hence any thing winged, or
Mying. LXX. ὀρνέων, λυπὸς, περίπτερα,
Kрárη, Tuрí. Vulg., avis, potentias, igni,
lampades, diabolus.

2, m. Cogn. 227, 227, 227. Cutting, cutting down; destruction, Deut. xxxii. 24;

Ps. xci. 6; Is. xxviii. 2.

מי רָעָב :2.Rosen

Alexandrini recte Tηkóμevoi λag, marcidi facti fame reddiderunt. Nam, unde adjectivum 71, conferendum est cum Arab. 12 et 2, suxit; et Hebræis i. q. est exsugere, Jes. xvi. 11. Apte exsueti fame et exsucci dicuntur, quibus succum corporis et humorem , Et absumti telá exhausit fames.

1. Bird of prey, Job v. 7; Deut. xxxii. 24. (Compare LXX, Vulg., Onk. He understands here, the birds of prey consuming the carcases of the slain, as I. i. 6; but in this whole verse, the plagues of the land which were to happen to the living Israelites, are evidently the subject of description.) Hab. iii. 5. (Compare Aqu., Symm., Theod., Syr.), and Ps. Îxxviii. 48. s. sagitta ardente, i. e., lue ardente, peste. But to the latter passage the above objection proprie telam, sagittam significat; viextends, and the signification is totally in- detur tamen notionem ardoris sibi junctam habere (cf. ad Ps. lxxvi. 1), ut uno hoc applicable to Hab. iii. 5. nomine, sagittæ ardentes (Ps. vii. 14) denotentur. Pestis et Hom. Iliad. i. 51 est édos éɣeñevкés, sagittu picea, i. e., pice illita, ut facilius ardeat. 77, Et De vid. ad

arrow.

arrows of love.

prey,

q.,

pas

absumti exitio acerbo, lue,

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2. Bird of the bow, Ps. lxxvi. 1, i. Thus Ferdusi uses in the cited sage aquila, for sagittæ aquilis similes. 3. Arrow. So Cant. viii. 6, applied to the With this arrangement agree most modern authors, c. g., Rosen- Ps. xei. 6, ubi de peste usurpatur. müller, Vater, de Wette. But on account Dentemque forarúm immittam, concitabo of the hardness of the interpretation bird of (Ex. viii. 17) in eos. Cum veneno repentium in such passages as Ps. lxxviii. 18: in pulvere, serpentibus venenatis, cf. Jer. Hab. iii. 5, the latter author has also adopted viii. 17. that of lightning; imagining an identity to subsist between both significations, in respect of swiftness, or the like. Without coming to a decision, we have above placed together the views of the Jewish interpreters, grounded on tradition, and reception, the difficulty of which might be wholly removed, by omitting Job v. 7; and by considering it there as a different word, with the significa

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Ver. 25.

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ἔξωθεν ατεκνώσει αὐτοὺς μάχαιρα, καὶ ἐκ τῶν ταμιείων φόβος. νεανίσκος σὺν παρθένῳ, θηλάζων μετὰ καθεστηκότος πρεσβίτου.

Au. Ter.-25 The sword without, and terror within [Heb., from the chambers],

shall destroy [Heb., bereave] both the young | exstinguit eorum memoriam, ut in altero man and the virgin, the suckling also with hemistichio sequitur, sed eos omnium homi

the man of gray hairs.

See note of Bp. Jebb on verse 42.

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εἶπα, διασπερῶ αὐτοὺς, παύσω δὲ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων τὸ μνημόσυνον αὐτῶν.

Au. Ver.-26 I said, I would scatter them into corners, I would make the remembrance of them to cease from among men.

I said. So Pool, Patrick. Said, i. e., resolved.-Bp. Patrick.

Rosen., Ged., Booth.-I would say, "I will," &c. 2 conditionaliter dicerem esse! vertendum, ostendit nisi vs. 27.-Rosen.

I would scatter them in corners.

Prof. Lee. I will scatter them in every direction.

num oculis exponit. Rectius igitur DTNEN vertitur exscindam eos, coll. Arab. NN, amputavit, excidit. In Camus, p. 1928 edit. Calcutt. habetur: Radix et ND, significat percutere et findere.-Rosen.

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εἰ μὴ δι ̓ ὀργὴν ἐχθρῶν, ἵνα μὴ μακροχρονίσωσι, ἵνα μὴ συνεπιθώνται οἱ ὑπεναντίοι. μὴ εἴπωσιν, ἡ χεὶρ ἡμῶν ἡ ὑψηλὴ, καὶ οὐχὶ Kúpos éπoinσe taûta távta.

Au. Ver.-27 Were it not that I feared the wrath of the enemy, lest their adversaries should behave themselves strangely, Ged. I will extirpate them. and lest they should say, Our hand is high, Gesen a root not used in Kal, to and the LORD hath not done all this [or, our which I do not hesitate to assign the sig-high hand, and not the LORD, hath done all nification to breathe, to blow, like the kindr.

(), also Me, me, me, all which are onomatopoetic and imitate the sound of one blowing from his lips. Hence ñ. Xeyóμ.

here Arab.

Hiph. Deut. xxxii. 26 DTNER, I will blow them away, i. e., scatter them like the wind. Sept., diaσmeр aurous.-Simonis compares which has the signification of splitting, separating, and so of wounding, dispersing; but less well. See more in Thesaur., p. 1086.

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this].

Were it not that I feared the wrath.

Ken. Were it not that I avoided the wrath of the enemy.

&c.

Horsley.—I was cautious of the insult of,

Ged. Were I not apprehensive of the haughtiness of the enemy.

Dr. A. Clarke.-Houbigant and others contend that wrath here refers not to the enemy, but to God; and that the passage should be thus translated: " Indignation for Rosen., Booth. -I will cut them off the adversary deters me, lest their enemies Vocem sunt, qui ex tribus voce. should be alienated, and say, The strength compositam autument, videlicet, ubi? of our hands, and not of the Lord's, hath , hic, et co suffixo. Ita Syrus et Hie-done this." Had not God punished them in ronymus: ulinam sunt? vertit, quod ipsum such a way as proved that his hand and not posuit Hieronymus. E duobus vocabulis the hand of man had done it, the heathens DER, ira mea sunt conflatam opinatus est would have boasted of their prowess, and interpres Samar., qui vertit. Nee Jehovah would have been blasphemed, as aliter Onkelos, nisi quod is sensum elegantius not being able to protect his worshippers, or expresserit: quiescet ira mea super iis. to punish their infidelities. Titus, when he Rectius alii pro uno verbo habent, et eorum took Jerusalem, was so struck with the quidem plerique ad nomen 7, angulus re-strength of the place, that he acknowledged ferunt, explicantque: angulatim profligabo that if God had not delivered it into his cos, vel, in angulos, extremitates terra re-hands, the Roman armies never could have legabo ees, aut, ex omnibus angulis ejiciam taken it. Houb.-Sed deterrent me hostes ipsorum, cos. Jod esse putant loco tertiæ radicalis, Illi enim qui eos quasi pro cis user. Ita jam LXX, dia- qui me irritaturi essent. σñeрó aiτois. Sed relegatio ad extremos oderunt hæc dissimularent, angulos, seu dispersio, non opprimit et fortitudo manuum nostrarum,

dicerent que;

non autem

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Dominus fecit hæc omnia. Ex hoc loco doce- | tradiderunt hunc locum, templum meum. mur, verbo 2 notari non tantùm timorem, Onkelos: ne sese efferat hostis. vel metum, sed etiam cautionem. Nam sen- simplici negandi significatu capiunt, ut Saatentia est, nisi caverem ne...Proptereà nos, dias: ne forte negent hoc hostes eorum, me sed deterrent me hostes ipsorum, quia non videlicet, fuisse, qui Hebræos ob eorum convenit in Deum loquentem, nisi timerem. crimina perdiderit. 28 D, indignatio inimici, sive quam concitaret inimicus, si hæc diceret, quæ deinde inducitur dicturus. Quæ quidem si diceret inimicus, diceret triumphans, non indignans ; ut constet indignationem esse Dei, non inimici.

Rosen. Nisi iram, furorem hostis timerem, scil. contra eos, uti supplet Saadias, i. e., nisi metuerem, hostes in eorum excidium sese conjuraturos idque suae adscriberent potentiæ, ut sequitur.

Lest their adversaries should behave themselves strangely.

Pool. Strangely, i. e., insolently and arrogantly, above what they used to do. Or, make themselves strangers, i.c., either really not acknowledge, or pretend they did not know, that which I had publicly declared, and they either did or easily might have known, to wit, that this judgment was inflicted upon them by my hand for their

sins.

Bp. Horsley. Should affect ignorance.
Ged. Should become arrogant.
Booth.- -haughty.

Gesen.— Piel 1, i. q. Hiph. No. 1, a, to look upon, to regard with partiality; Job xxxiv. 19, nor regardeth the rich more than the poor. But contra

Our hand is high, and the LORD hath not done this.

Ged., Booth.

Lest they should say, Our own high hand,
And not Jehovah, hath done all this!

Bp. Patrick. The marginal translation of this last clause is also agreeable to the Hebrew, "Our high hand, and not the Lord, hath done all this."

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Bp. Patrick. The Hebrew word abad (which is commonly translated perish, and here we translate void) signifies, in the Ethiopic language, is foolish or mad, as Job Ludolphus observes in his excellent history of that country. Which makes it probable this was the ancient sense of the word among 2. Not to know, to be ignorant of, Arab., this place, which may be thus translated, the Hebrews, and gives the best account of Conj. I. see above in Kal. Job xxi. 29, ask | « They are a nation foolish in their counsel." them that pass by the way, 227, and their signs thou shalt not fail to know, i. c., the signs, tokens, which they give.

Whose counsels led them to such courses as utterly undid them: and when they seemed most wise they madly ruined themselves. Hence And thus those words of Jeremiah may be 3. To feign not to know, to deny; Arab. best translated, "The heart of the king is Conj. IV., see above in Kal. Deut. xxxii. | foolish " (iv. 9).

27, 2, lest their enemies should Gesen. 1. pp. to lose oneself, to be deny, and say, &c.

lost, to wander about.

Rosen.—, Ne alienum redderent 2. To perish, to be destroyed; Syr. Samar. hostes corum, i. e., recte exponente Jarchio, id. Hence Deut. xxxii. 28, H 78, a ne si hostes contra populum Hebræum præ-nation whose counsel is perished, void of valerent, eumque perderent, id sibi ipsorum- counsel, Vulg., consilii expers. que diis adscriberent, et hoc est, quod dicitur Rosen.-Nam gens periens, perdita conon me, ne alienam facerent rem tri-siliis, destituta consiliis bonis, sunt illi, Hebuendo victoriam ipsorum ", alieno, sc. bræi. Verbum 2 notat rei amissionem dedeo, cui nulla est magnitudo. Similiter Jer. fectumre, ut Jer. iv. 9. xix. 1. Jova dicit: Propterea quod me re- cor regis, i. e., rex animo deficiet. liquerunt, ippon, et alienis diis xxix. 14;, Joel i. 11; Job. xxx. 2.

8, peribit

Cf. Jes. Ceterum

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Ged.-29 They are not [Sam., LXX, and three MSS.] wise enough to discern this, nor to consider their latter end.

That they understood this.

Bp. Patrick. That they understood this, &c.] Or, as it may be translated, "Then would they understand this, they would consider their latter end." They would soon perceive the hand of God in all that is befallen them; and that if they do not change their course, they will, in the conclusion, be utterly undone.

Their latter end.

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32 ἐκ γὰρ ἀμπέλου Σοδόμων ἡ ἄμπελος αὐτῶν, καὶ ἡ κληματὶς αὐτῶν ἐκ Γομόῤῥας. σταφυλὴ αὐτῶν σταφυλὴ χολῆς, βότρυς πικρίας αὐτοῖς. 33 θυμὸς δρακόντων ὁ οἶνος aurov, kaì Ovμòs áσñídwv åvíatos.

Au. Ver.-32 For their vine is of the vine of Sodom [or, is worse than the vine of Sodom, &c.], and of the fields of Gomorrah : their grapes are grapes of gall, their clusters

are bitter:

and the cruel venom of asps. 33 Their wine is the poison of dragons,

For.

Pool.-For, or but; for these words seem to contain an answer to that question, ver. 30, How should, &c. To this he answers, 1. Negatively; It was not from and delivered them up, they could not have impotency in God, for if he had not forsaken been so easily chased. 2. Positively; But, saith he, the true reason was this, their vine, &c. Of the vine of Sodom: The people of Israel [so Patrick, Rosen., &c.], which I planted and brought up as a choice vine, are now degenerated and become like the vine of Sodom; their principles and practices are all corrupt and abominable.

Bp. Horsley.-32, 33, "Their vine-their wine;" i. e., the vine, and the wine of the enemies of God and his people.

Fields.

Bp. Horsley.-Burnt fields.

Ged., Booth.-Blasted fields.

Gesen. f. I. A blasting, blight, Is. xxxvii. 27, i. q. 7 2 K. xix. 26, the letters and being interchanged; see under 1.

II. Plur., constr. ni, fields, Jer. xxxi. 40 ; 2 K. xxiii. 4; especially fields of grain, Hab. iii. 17; or of vines, vineyards, Deut. xxxii. 32. Twice, Is. xvi. 8; Hab. iii. 17, it is joined with a verb sing.This signification of the word, although no vestige of it exists in the kindred dialects, is

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