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A grove.

See notes on Exod. xxxiv. 13.

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erigas statuam idoli, omne lignum, i. e., ligneum, appositio, quam Grammatici vocant, qua materia ex qua quid factum, indicatur, 1 Reg. vii. 42; cf. Gesenii Lehrgeb., p. 667. De, statua idoli, præsertim Astartes, vid. Jes. xvii. 8.

CHAP. XVII. 3.

Au. Ver.-Which I have not commanded.
Ged., Booth.-Which I have forbidden.
Rosen., Quæ non præcepi,

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Ver. 4.

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keep the people in order, with a staff and a whip, and to execute the decrees and orders of the judges; whom they appointed not only in the court, but in the streets, looking after weights and measures in the market, and correcting offenders. Maimonides also makes them the same with our apparitors, or those who, in the Roman law, are called officiales, as Constantine L'Empereur observes, p. 362, upon Cornelius Bertram (who mistook them for a sort of judges), and in the digests executores: and in the New Testament πράκτορας, "exactors," Luke xii. 58. Josephus makes them to have been immo diserte vetui, peiwois, ut Jer. vii. 31. public criers; and so we find them employed, xx. 8; Josh. i. 11. But then some of them, at least, seem to have been an honourable sort, like our heralds (Josh. xxiii. 2), and all of them were men of authority, though but young men (as Maimonides describes them), who had not attained the years and knowledge of the doctors of the law, and therefore unfit to be judges. But the Jews place them next under their wise men, or Au. Ver.-4 And it be told thee, and doctors, and above their scribes and clerks, thou hast heard of it, and enquired dilias Mr. Thorndike observes, in his Review gently, and, behold, it be true, and the of the Rites of the Church, p. 94. But thing certain, that such abomination is that they were certainly only under officers, wrought in Israel. and not judges, there is another argument; which is, that Solomon upon this account commends the ants, that they carefully do their business, though they have no schoter set over them (Prov. vi. 7), on paßdovxos, or épуodiwkтns, to force or affright them XXV. 20.-Rosen.

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καὶ ἀναγγελῇ σοι καὶ ἐκζητήσῃς σφόδρα, καὶ ἰδοὺ ἀληθῶς γέγονε τὸ ῥῆμα, γεγένηται τὸ Boé vypa ToûTO év 'Iσpaǹλ.

Ged., Booth.-4 And it be told thee, then thou shalt hearken, and inquire diligently,

&c.

Behold.

Rosen., Booth.-If. 7, si, ut Lev.

Ver. 9.

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καὶ ἐλεύσῃ πρὸς τοὺς ἱερεῖς τοὺς Λευίτας καὶ πρὸς τὸν κριτὴν ὃς ἂν γένηται ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις, καὶ ἐκζητήσαντες ἀναγγελουσί σοι τὴν κρίσιν.

Rosen.—, Iudices dirimebant caussas; scribis vero (Ex. v. 6) commissa Au. Ver.-9 And thou shalt come unto erat cura tabularum genealogicarum. Ju- the priests the Levites, and unto the judge dices et scribæ postea sumebantur ex Levitis, that shall be in those days, and enquire; quod hi nullis aliis negotiis distracti, legibus and they shall shew thee the sentence of omne studium impendere potuerunt. Cf.

1 Chr. xxiii. 4; xxvi. 29-32; 2 Chr. xix. 8-11; xxxiv. 13.

Ver. 21.

Au. Ver.-21 Thou shalt not plant thee a grove of any trees near unto the altar of the LORD thy God, which thou shalt make thee.

judgment.

And thou shalt) enquire; and they shall shew thee, &c.

Ged., Booth. And they shall enquire [Sam., LXX], and shew thee, &c.

Ver. 10.

du. Ter.-The Lord.

Ged. The Lord your God [Sam., LXX].

Ver. 14.

spiciunt, patet, legem hanc datam esse, cum Au. Ver.-14 When thou art come unto adhuc dum in castris detineretur legislator. the land which the LORD thy God giveth Ex verbis autem: si dixeris (cogitaveris), thee, and shalt possess it, and shalt dwell constituam super me regem, sicut habent therein, and shalt say, I will set a king over omnes per circuitum nationes, patet, illum me, like as all the nations that are about me; qui hanc dedit legem, rem supposuisse, 15 Thou shalt in any wise set him king quam numquam fieri exoptabat, et ut cum over thee, whom the LORD thy God shall Clerico loquar, præmonuisse, quid fieri choose one from among thy brethren shalt oporteret, si id contingeret, quod, ne conthou set king over thee: thou mayest not tingeret, metuebat. Non comprobatur a set a stranger over thee, which is not thy legislatore regia potestas, sed cavetur, ne id, brother. quod prohiberi non amplius poterat, damno

et

Rosen. 14, 15, Legem, quæ sequitur, de esset. Quem autem magis hæc lex saluelectione regis, non a Mose datam videri, briter præmonens decuit, quam Mosen, qui sed a sacerdotibus, legum ac traditionum in omnibus, quæ præceperat, clarissima Mosaicarum statoribus, post Salomonis summæ mentis suæ providæ edidit speciætatem additam, persuasum sibi habet Car. mina? qui ipse in aula regia in virum adultus Dav. Ilgen. in Commentat. de Notione tituli noverat despotismum, et quæ in res subFilii Dei, Jenæ, 1795 (repetita in den Me- ditorum inde redundare solent mala. Moses, morabilien ab H. E. G. Paulo editt., p. vii.). qui gentis suæ mentem mobilem, et inArgumenta sententiæ suis ipsius verbis sub- domitum sane pruritum, exterarum gentium jungam: “Primum lex de electione regis re-mores consuetudinesque æmulandi noverat, pugnat formæ constitutionis Mosaicæ, qua suspicari et prævidere poterat, Israelitas Jova rex erat colendus; nec, ut videtur, un-rege invisibili, per sacerdotes tantum quam in mentem Mosi venerat, aut regem eli- Levitas adeundo, non contentos, sed regem gere, aut de electione ejus quidquam præcipere. petituros fore, quem oculis suis cernere, Deinde, si Moses jam præscripsisset modum quem precibus suis adire, quem exercitibus eligendi, et, quod inde sequeretur, tacite præficere, quem regio splendore induere regis electionem comprobasset; non appa- possent. Sane, qui minus providens est reret, cur Samuel, quum populus eum animus, hæc prævidere potuit. Jam quum rogaret, ut sibi regem præfigeret, tam grahanc rem prohibere non posset, concessit viter has preces ferret. Quomodo dicere vir eam, legislatoris prudentis instar, qui cum sanctissimus potuisset, populum Deum suum, legem quandam non observatum iri, scit, Jovam rejicere, si Moses in omnem eventum satius ducit, eam tollere, quam ceterarum non modo probasset talem reipublicæ muta- auctoritatem infringere, certisque eam COtionem, sed etiam modum mutandi præ- ercuit limitibus, ne, si contigerit, exitio foret scripsisset? Denique, si ante Salomonem genti Hebraica. Samuel ergo precibus lex nota fuisset, sive a Mose lata, sive a Hebræorum regem petentium non ideo reSacerdotum aliquo codici addita, non video, stitit, quod hæc lex non nota, vel theocratiæ quomodo Salomoni concessum esse potuisset, Mosaicæ contraria erat potestes regia, sed contra legem Jovæ, equorum tantam mul- quia sciebat, Mosen tantummodo concessisse, titudinem alere, et mulieres principes ut majora inhibeantur mala. Tandem prehabere septingentas et trecentas pellices cibus annuit, quod lege jam Moses abusum (1 Reg. x. 28, et xi. 5). Ex his causis sequi præcidisset." 15 102 hey, arbitror, hanc legem post Salomonem, ubi Quem eliget Deus, h. e., approbabit per sacerdotum ordo animadverterat, quæ regis prophetam, vel per sortem, quod utrumque esset potestas, et quæ libido, ad eam coer- factum est in Saulis electione, 1 Sam. ix. cendam esse insertam." Ilgenio adstipu- 15, 16; x. 1, 20. latus est De Wette (Diss. in Deut., p. 15). Digna tamen sunt, quæ in legem hanc regiam monuit Herbst in Observatt, de Pental. quatuor libror, posterior. auctore eta editore, p. 20 sq. "Ex formula," inquit,

66

"cum ingressus fueris – dabit tibi,habi

taveris, illis legibus communi, quæ res He

Ver. 16.

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אֶת־הָעָם

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bræorum post occupatam Palæstinam re- διότι οὐ πληθυνεῖ ἑαυτῷ ἵππον, οὐδὲ μὴ

ἀποστρέψῃ τὸν λαὸν εἰς Αἴγυπτον, ὅπως μὴ | all the tribe of Levi, shall have no part nor πληθύνῃ αὑτῷ ἵππον. ὁ δὲ κύριος εἶπεν, οὐ inheritance with Israel: they shall eat the προσθήσεσθε ἀποστρέψαι τῇ ὁδῷ ταύτῃ ἔτι.

Au. Ver.-16 But he shall not multiply horses to himself, nor cause the people to return to Egypt, to the end that he should multiply horses: forasmuch as the LORD hath said unto you, Ye shall henceforth return no more that way.

Ged., Booth.-16 But he shall not mul

offerings of the LORD made by fire, and his inheritance.

And his inheritance. So the Heb.

Ged., Booth.-Which are his inheritance.

Ver. 3.

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הָעָם מֵאֵת זִבְחֵי הַזֶּבַח אִם־שׁוֹר אִם־ tiply horses to himself, est he cause the שֶׂה וְנָתַן לַכֹּהֵן הַזְרֹעַ וְהַלְחָיַיִם people to return to egypt, for the sake of

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multiplying horses: for Jehovah hath said to you, Ye shall return no more that way.

Rosen.-, Tantummodo rex aliquando eligendus non multiplicabit, multos alat sibi equos, bbw, neque reducat populum in Egyptum ad multiplicandum sibi equos. Nam ex Ægypto solebant eo tempore equi educi, ut Salomonis exemplum mandato huic contrarium probat, 1 Reg. x. 28, 29. Itaque timendum erat, ne rex, equis comparandis plus nimio addictus, populum in Egyptum reduceret, ut ibi haberet e servis suis et populo suo, qui, ut emtioni præessent, habitarent in urbibus equestribus," ut dicit R. Moses Nachmanis fil. ad h. 1. Quin et alii potuissent, hoc exemplo provocati, redire in Egyptum, et in Egyptios

mores relabi.

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Bp. Horsley. Rather thus, And it shall be, that so soon as he is seated upon the throne of his kingdom (i. e., upon his first accession), then he shall write him a copy of this law, according to the book which is in the custody of the priests the Levites." CHAP. XVIII. 1.

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καὶ αὕτη ἡ κρίσις τῶν ἱερέων τὰ παρὰ τοῦ λαοῦ παρὰ τῶν θυόντων τὰ θύματα, ἐάν τε μόσχον, ἐάν τε πρόβατον. καὶ δώσεις τὸν βραχίονα τῷ ἱερεῖ καὶ τὰ σιαγόνια καὶ τὸ ἔνυστρον.

Au. Ver.-3 And this shall be the priest's due from the people, from them that offer a sacrifice, whether it be ox or sheep; and they shall give unto the priest the shoulder, and the two cheeks, and the maw.

Pool.-A sacrifice, to wit, a sacrifice of thanksgiving, or a peace-offering, as appears from Lev. vii. 31, 33, which is ofttimes called simply a sacrifice, as Exod. xviii. 12; Lev. xvii. 5, 8; Numb. xv. 3; Deut. xii. 27. The shoulder, and the two cheeks, and the ma. Quest. How doth this agree with other texts, in which the shoulder and the breast, and those parts only, are the priest's due, not the cheeks and maw? Answ. 1. Who shall tie God's hands? what if he now makes an addition, and enlargeth the priest's commons? Nothing more usual than for one scripture to supply what is lacking in another, and for a latter law of God to add to a former. 2. The breast may be here omitted, because it is comprehended under the shoulder, to which it is commonly the Lord. 3. The Hebrew word here renjoined, and with which it was waved before dered maw or stomach [so Lee, Gesen., Rosen.], which was reckoned among dain

ties by the ancients, is not to my remembrance used elsewhere, and therefore it may it the breast, others take it for the upperhave another signification, and some render most part of the stomach, which lies under the breast.

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Ged.--Delgado observes, that Scripture explains in one place what is omitted in

- καρπώματα κυρίου ὁ κλῆρος αὐτῶν, φά- another: so that the two cheeks and the maw, mentioned here, may be added in

γονται αὐτά.

1. Ver.

-1 The priests the Levites, and Lev. vii. 31, and the breast mentioned there

Bp. Horsley.-"Beside that which cometh of the sale of his patrimony." Unintelligible. The English must be wrong. For what patrimony could a Levite have?

may be understood here." But this is surely of his patrimony [Heb., his sales by the an odd manner of adding and understanding. fathers]. I rather think that this is a distinct precept. Rosen.-, Ventriculum. Quum autem animalia ruminantia quadruplicem habeant ventriculum, sive quatuor meatus, per quos alimenta transeunt, antequam ad intestina Pool.-Like portions, to wit, with their perveniant; dubium est, utrum hæc lex brethren who were in actual ministration; omnes hos ventriculos sacerdoti vindicet as they share with them in the work, so nec ne. Equidem cum Clerico intelligere shall they also in the encouragements. mallem infimam ventriculi partem, quippe Beside that which cometh of the sale of his pinguissimam, quæ a Latinis vocatur oma- patrimony; though he have an estate wheresum, a Græcis evvoτpov, s. žvvotрov, qua ipsa by he may subsist raised by the sale of his voce LXX h. 1. usi sunt. Confirmatur hæc house in his city, and his cattle, and other interpretatio Josephi et Philonis auctoritate. moveables, yet you shall not upon this Ille enim Ant. iv. 4, hæc habet: li vero, ground either deny or diminish their part maintenance. your qui domi mactant, convivii privati caussa, The reason of this non religionis, debent adferre ad sacerdotes law was, partly because he that waited on omasum, pectus et dextrum armum mactati the altar ought to live by the altar; and pecudis. Philo autem de præmiis sacerdotum, partly because it was fit he should keep his t. ii., p. 235, edit. Mangey.: Ex iis, quæ extra altare, convivii caussa, tria jubentur dari sacerdoti, armus, maxilla et quod vocatur

omasum.

Ver. 5.

of

money, wherewith he might redeem what he sold, if afterwards he saw occasion for it. Heb., besides his sales by the fathers, i. e., of that which came to him by his fathers, or, according to his fathers, or, his father's house; and these words may be joined, not with the word immediately foregoing, but

כִּי בוֹ בָּחַר יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ מִכָּל־ with the forner part of the verse, the next שְׁבָטֶיךָ לַעֲמֹד לְשָׁרֵת בְּשֵׁם־יְהוָה הוּא word comming in by a kind of parenthesis, in וּבָנָיו כָּל־הַיָּמִים :

ὅτι αὐτὸν ἐξελέξατο κύριος ἐκ πασῶν τῶν φυλῶν σου, παρεστάναι ἔναντι κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ λειτουργεῖν καὶ εὐλογεῖν ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ, αὐτὸς καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ ἐν τοῖς υἱοῖς Ἰσραήλ.

Au. Ver.-5 For the LORD thy God hath chosen him out of all thy tribes, to stand to minister in the name of the LORD, him and

his sons for ever.

Ged.--5 For the LORD your God, hath

chosen him and his sons after him, to wait before the LORD, your GOD [Sam., LXX], to minister to him [Sam., ], and to bless in his name [Sam., LXX].

Booth.-5 For Jehovah hath chosen him out of all thy tribes, to stand before Jehovah thy God; to minister and bless in his name [Sam., LXX], him and his sons for ever.

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this manner and order, Besides that which cometh by the sale of their goods, they shall have like portions to eat to what their brethren have, each of them eating according to his father's house, i.e., a Gershonite shall eat with his brethren the Gershonites who are then ministering, and a Merarite with the Merarites, &c., and so there shall be no disturbance nor change in the appointed courses by their accession to the

number.

Bp. Patrick.-8 They shall have like portions to eat.] This shows that he is speaking of the priests; for the Levites did not eat of the holy things offered at the altar: and the meaning is, that the rest of the priests who waited there, should allow him the same portion which they themselves had in the sacrifices.

Beside that which cometh of the sale of his patrimony.] Which was to remain proper to himself, and not be divided with other priests at Jerusalem (suppose) where he

μερίδα μεμερισμένην φάγεται, πλὴν τῆς ministered. The Hebrew words are someπράσεως τῆς κατὰ πατριάν.

Au. Ver.-8 They shall have like portions to eat, beside that which cometh of the sale

thing obscure, being "besides his sales by, or unto, the fathers," that is, such possessions as their fathers purchased, and left to

them for though the priests had no share Rosen.-8 php, Portionem sicut in the land of Canaan given them at the portionem, sc. ceterorum comedent, i. e., division of it, yet they might purchase æqualiter de portionibus comedent. Hiehouses, and goods, and cattle; and some- ronymus: partem ciborum eandem accipiet times they purchased fields, as we read quam et ceteri. Saadias: et dividant inter se Abiathar had fields of his own at Anathoth, portiones æquales. Idem videntur LXX 1 Kings ii. 26, and the prophet Jeremiah, voluisse, qui pepida μeμepioμévv páYetαι who was a priest also, purchased a field of reddiderunt. his uncle's son, in his own town, Jer. xxxii. 7, 8, &c.

præter venditiones suas super patres, sive per patres. In quibus interpretandis et vett. et recentt. But the Jews make a quite different con- dissentiunt. LXX, πλǹν τîs πрáσews Tŷs struction of these three verses, which they kатà Tην Tатρíaν, præter venditionem quæ est understand in this manner, that if any secundum familiam. Quod est obscurum. Levite (i. e., priest, for they only ministered Hieronymus: excepto eo quod in urbe sua before God) came up out of the city where ex paterna ei successione debetur. Per he commonly resided, out of pure devotion, venditiones intellexit possessiones to attend at the three solemn feasts, which venales, quæ parentum fuerunt, ob idque et were held at the place where the sanctuary ab iis vendi poterant. Etsi enim fundos ad was (where they were bound to wait only agriculturam, vineas, oliveta Levitæ non when their course came, but at these feasts possiderent, habebant tamen urbes suas, in might all come and minister in the sanc- quibus domus possidere poterant, greges et tuary), his brethren, whose week it was then armenta aliaque mobilia, itemque juxta to attend, should both admit him to minister urbem agros compascuos ad jumentorum before God with them, and also give him an pabula; quæ omnia successione ad posteros equal portion with themselves in the extra-transibant. Hine Abiathar Pontifex 1 Reg. ordinary sacrifices which were then offered ii. 26 agrum habuit proprium in urbe sacerat those festivals, except only those which dotali Anathoth, et in eadem urbe Jeremias were peculiarly assigned to them whose itidem sacerdos patruelis sui agrum emit, week of waiting at the altar it then was; Jer. xxxii. 7 sqq. Videtur Hieronymus who, by the ordinance of God, delivered to illam suam interpretationem a magistro suo Moses and Aaron (who, they suppose, are Hebræo accepisse. Nam et R. Bechai, qui here called the fathers), were to have the sub finem Seculi 13, Commentarium in right shoulder of the peace-offerings. See Pentat., scripsit, sensum hujus vs. ait esse Lev. vii. 33, where it is said. "He among hune: quidquid sacerdotibus datum fuerit, the sons of Aaron that offereth the peace- divident inter se æqualibus portionibus, seu offerings and the fat, shall have the right pelles victimarum sint, seu carnes, seu hirci shoulder for his part;" in which none other piaculares, aut alia dona quævis, excepto was to participate. But why this should be tamen eo, quod quis pro vendita avitæ called the sales, I do not understand, unless hæreditatis domo acceperit, secundum illam, we interpret it as Forsterus doth, venditiones, quæ Lev. xxxv. 33, exstat, legem. Sane i. e., res venditas à patribus, "things sold hic videtur esse simplicissimus sensus, quem by the fathers," that is, appropriated by et Fagius expressit his verbis: "Hoc dicit, them (to the particular priest that offered the omnes Levitas, qui Hierosolymam veniant, sacrifice), as things sold are to those that et ibi ministrent Domino, ex æquo partibuy them. cipare posse omnibus portionibus, quæ ex Ged.-8 "Portion for portion he [Sam., oblationibus illis obveniebant; non autem LXX, Vulg.] shall eat with them; beside teneri, ut alius cum alio dividat, et partiat what cometh from the sale of his patrimony." ea bona, quæ a majoribus suis tanquam Beside what cometh, &c. His having a patri- propria habebat.” mony of his own shall not prevent his receiving an equal share in the sacrifice. Some Rabbins, however, after Onkelos, understand it in a different manner; and ingripe e spers render, He shall have an equal portion with pie the other priests, exclusive of what may fall to' him every Sabbath, as the fathers have ordained. is ba

Ver. 10, 11, 12.

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