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notam, ut ante. Sensum perfectum | Jes. xxxiii. 22; Ps. lx. 9, legislatorem, ducem,
et absolutum hisce verbis non inesse, non designare. Jarchi haud male inter-
est quod mireris, quum illa e medio contextu pretatur, per mandatum legislatoris, quo-
sint deprompta. LXX verterunt - modo Moses et Deut. xxxiii. 21, appellatur.
Aoyue, accepisse videntur pro gerundio, Cum scipionibus suis, quos populi
verbi, in consumendo. Sed recte Cle- primores honoris causa gestabant. Sensus
ricus nomen esse ait ejusdem loci, cujus videtur hic esse, principes auctoritate sua et
mentio fit Deut. i. 1, ut loci vicini iis campis, imperio, quo populum ad fodiendum im-
in quibus Deuteronomium edidit, hoc solo pulerunt, puteum fodisse. Antiqui interpp.
discrimine, quod quum h. 1. nomen cum in vocum versione admodum
terminatione feminina ponatur, Deut. i. 1, variant, præcipue in priore vocis interpre-
appelletur.
Et torrentes tatione. LXX, év Tŷ Baσideia avtŵv, Vul-
Arnon. Plurali utitur, quod Arnon varios gatus: in datore legis, sine sensu.
rivos in se recipit; vid. Alterthumsk., vol. kelos: scribæ cum baculis suis; hic igitur
ii., p. i., p. 208.
ante nullum Beth legisse videtur.

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15 TEN, Effusio s. deflurus tor- Syrus: et indicarunt cum baculis suis; cum rentium designat humiliores planities, in quo Saadias consentit, ita tamen ut verba quas torrentes e montibus feruntur, quales textus aliter nectat: nobiliores populi sigerant montibus Moabiticis subjectæ circa narunt cum baculis suis. Ita etiam vertit Arnonem. Hæc enim ipsa loca vocantur Dathius, additque in notis ad h. 1., se conDeut. iii. 17; iv. 49., defluxus jicere ab illis interpp. lectum fuisse vel Pisgæ, i. e., radices montis, ad quas largi vel ny.

, Ex deserto Matrivi effunduntur. Pro 7 LXX et Syrus thanem, sc. profecti sunt. Intelligendum. videntur, direxit legisse. Illi enim ha- est desertum, in quo puteus ille effossus est. bent: καὶ τοὺς χειμάρρους κατέστησε, hic: Continuatur itaque nunc descriptio stationum constituit rivos. nagy menex, Qui sese populi Israelitici. Matthanem Clericus exvertit, sive, qui torrentes sese vertunt ad istimat eundem locum esse, qui vs. 14 habitationem Aris. Ar erat urbs Moabitica, vocatur, eam vocem enim idem sigad Arnonem sita, vid. vs. 28.

.Hebraice, donum מַתָּן nificare Arabice quod וְנִשִׁין לִגְבול

Ex

, Et nititur finibus Moabiticis, i. e., fines Moabiticos tangit, eos præterlabitur. sententia viri illius docti in Biblioth. Orient. Nov., cujus supra ad vs. præced. mentionem fecimus, hic versus continet verba a Mose addita, ita vertenda: valliumque illarum declivitas Arem versus deflectit, finesque tangit Moabiticos (Der Abhang dieser Thäler ist es, der sich gegen Ar hinzieht, und an die Grenze der Moabiter anstösst).

16, 17, 87, Ad puteum, sc. venerunt, i. e., ad locum, ubi foderunt puteum, aut puteos. Moses Israelitis videtur promisisse, se in hac regione fontem antea ignotum inventuros esse; quæ promissio revera implebatur.

Recte monuit Clericus, breve hoc canticum
constare oμotoTeλevtois ita dispescendis :

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in vallem, quæ est in agro Moabitico, caput
Pisgæ, prospiciens super solitudinem. Mirun
sensum efficere videntur verba, vallis quæ
est in agro Moabitico, caput Pisga. Hinc
Clericus ante
subaudit., ut
sensus sit, sub vertice Pisga, vallem enim
non posse esse nisi sub monte. Tamen non
opus est ut illud vocabulum suppleamus :
potest enim intelligi planities in descensu
montis, summo ejus jugo subjecta, sed editior
campis, per quos late prospicit vertex planus
humilioris promontorii. est nom. propr.

17, Accinite ei. Hoc alii intelligunt de carmine responsorio; sed etiam latius usurpatur de quavis cantione, ut Ex. xxxii. 18; Hos. ii. 15; Ps. cxlvii. 7. Singet ihm entgegen! 18 De gen 8, Puteus est, quem fo- | jugi Moabitici montis, coll. xxiii. 14 pluriderunt principes. p, Cum legislatore, busque Deuter. locis. Cf. et not. ad Deut. i. c., Mose. 2, cum, ut xx. 20. Alii vertunt : xxxiv. 1. nonnulli interpp. nomen cum sceptro ducis, i. e., Mosis, coll. Gen. propr. loci alicujus existimant. Mallem xlix. 10, ubi rex parallelismo respon- tamen sequi veteres interpp., qui omnes Sed potest et ibi, ut Deut. xxxiii. 21; illam vocem desertum, solitudinem verterunt.

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21 καὶ ἀπέστειλε Μωυσῆς πρέσβεις προς Σηὼν βασιλέα ̓Αμοῤῥαίων λόγοις εἰρηνικοῖς, λέγων. 22 παρελευσόμεθα διὰ τῆς γῆς σου. τῇ ὁδῷ πορευσόμεθα. οὐκ ἐκκλινοῦμεν οὔτε εἰς ἀγρὸν, οὔτε εἰς ἀμπελῶνα. οὐ πιόμεθα ὕδωρ ἐκ φρέατός σου. ὁδῷ βασιλικῇ πορευσόμεθα, ἕως παρέλθωμεν τὰ ὅριά σου.

Au. Ver. 21 And Israel sent messengers unto Sihon king of the Amorites, saying,

22 Let me pass through thy land: we will not turn into the fields, or into the vineyards; we will not drink of the waters of the well but we will go along by the king's high way, until we be past thy borders.

Ged., Booth.-Jehovah now said to Moses, Arise, march, and pass the river Arnon: Behold, I deliver into your hand Sihon, the Amorite king of Heshbon, and his land. Begin to take possession, and contend with him in battle. This day I will begin to put the dread and the fear of you on all nations under the whole heavens, who shall hear

the report of you; and they shall tremble

and be in anguish on account of you [Sam., comp. Deut. ii. 24, 25].

21 Yet Israel sent messengers with words of peace [Sam., LXX] to Sihon king of the Amorites, saying, 22 Let us pass through thy land in the king's highway we will march; we will not turn either to the right hand, or to the left [Sam., and partly LXX]; nor will we turn aside either into fields or vineyards. What we eat thou shalt sell to us for silver, and what we drink thou shalt give to us for silver [Sam.]; in the king's highway we will march until we pass thy borders: only let us pass through as travellers; as we requested the Edomites who dwelt in mount Seir, to do; and the Moabites who dwelt in Ar [Sam.].

Ver. 23.

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καὶ ἐπάταξεν αὐτὸν Ἰσραὴλ φόνῳ μαχαίρας. καὶ κατεκυρίευσαν τῆς γῆς αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ ̓Αρνῶν ἕως Ἰαβύκ, ἕως υἱῶν ̓Αμμάν, ὅτι Ἰαζὴρ ὅρια υἱῶν ̓Αμμών ἐστι.

Au. V'er.-24 And Israel smote him with the edge of the sword, and possessed his land from Arnon unto Jabbok, even unto the children of Ammon: for the border of the children of Ammon was strong.

Smote him.

Ged., Booth.-Smote him and his sons and all his people [Sam.].

Unto Jabbok, even unto the children of Ammon.

Bp. Horsley. For after 2, read TM, "unto Jabbok, and unto," &c.

For the border of the children of Ammon was strong.

Ged., Booth.-For Jaazar was the border of the Ammonites [LXX].

a

Pool. From Arnon; or, which reached from Arnon, &c.; such supplements being very usual; and so here is contained description or limitation of Sihon's conquest and kingdom, that it extended only from Arnon-unto the children of Ammon; and then the following words, for the border of the children of Ammon was strong, come in very fitly, not as a reason why the Israelites did not or could not conquer the Ammonites, for they were absolutely forbidden to meddle with them, Deut. iii. 8; but as a reason why Sihon could not enlarge his conquests and empire to the Ammonites, as he had done to the Moabites.

Ver. 26.

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Au. Ver.-23 And Sihon would not suffer he be s Israel to pass through his border: but Sihon gathered all his people together, and went out against Israel into the wilderness; and he came to Jahaz, and fought against Israel. Ged.23 But Sihon not permitting the

ἔστι γὰρ Εσεβὼν πόλις Σηὼν τοῦ βασιλέως τῶν ̓Αμορραίων ἐστίν. καὶ οὗτος ἐπολέμησε βασιλέα Μωάβ τὸ πρότερον. καὶ ἔλαβον πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ ̓Αροὴρ ἕως ̓Αρνῶν.

Au. Ver.-26 For Heshbon was the city of Sihon the king of the Amorites, who had fought against the former king of Moab, and taken all his land out of his hand, even unto Arnon.

The former king.

Bp. Patrick.—These words are not to be understood as if he fought with the king of Moab who immediately reigned before Balak, but with some of his predecessors. So the LXX, τὸ πρότερον, that heretofore was king of Moab; and in the Hebrew the words are literally, "the king of Moab, the first;" perhaps of the present race.

27 dià тoûтo èpovoìv oi aivyμariotaí. θετε εἰς Ἐσεβὼν, ἵνα οἰκοδομηθῇ καὶ καταστ κευασθῇ πόλις Σηών. 28 ὅτὶ πῦρ ἐξῆλθεν ἐξ Ἐσεβὼν, φλὺξ ἐκ πόλεως Σηὼν, καὶ κατέφαγεν ἕως Μωάβ, καὶ κατέπιε στήλας ̓Αρνῶν. 29 οὐαί σοι Μωάβ. ἀπώλου λαὸς Χαμώς. ἀπεδόθησαν οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτῶν διασώζεσθαι, καὶ αἱ θυγατέρες αὐτῶν αἰχμάλωτοι τῷ βασιλεῖ τῶν Αμορραίων Σηὼν, 30 καὶ τὸ σπέρμα αὐτῶν ἀπολεῖται Ἐσεβὼν ἕως Δαιβών. καὶ αἱ γυναῖ κες ἔτι προσεξέκαυσαν πῦρ ἐπὶ Μωάβ.

Au. Ver.-27 Wherefore they that speak in proverbs say, Come into Heshbon, let the city of Sihon be built and prepared:

28 For there is a fire gone out of Heshbon, a flame from the city of Sihon: it hath consumed Ar of Moab, and the lords of the high places of Arnon.

Booth. A former king. Rosen.-Who had formerly fought. Chesbon enim fuit urbs Sihonis, regis Amoreorum, isque antea bellum gesserat cum rege Moabitarum, et omnem terram ejus ad Ar29 Woe to thee, Moab! thou art undone, nonem usque ei eripuerat. Occurrit Moses O people of Chemosh: he hath given his objectioni, cur Hebræi occupaverint Ches- sons that escaped, and his daughters, into bonem, urbem Moabitarum, contra divinam captivity unto Sihon king of the Amorites. prohibitionem (Deut. ii. 9)? Respondet, 30 We have shot at them; Heshbon is Chesbonem non amplius fuisse Moabitarum perished even unto Dibon, and we have laid sed Amoræorum, captam bello. variæ them waste even unto Nophah, which reachinterpretantur. LXX, Tò πрóτepov, antea, eth unto Medeba. Chaldæus, Syrus, Arabs, primum, quod sig- Pool.-Come into Heshbon: these are the nificaret, Sihonem, nulla injuria lacessitum, words either of Sihon speaking thus to his bellum Moabitis intulisse. Alii connectunt people, or of the people exhorting one anpowy axio Tie, regem Moabitarum priorem, i. e., qui regnaverat ante Balakum tum regnantem, xxii. 1. Sed videtur pes, prior potius significare: antequam Israelitæ regi Amoræorum bellum inferebant.

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other to come and possess and repair the city which they had taken. The city of Sihon; that which was once the royal city of the king of Moab, but now is the city of

Sihon.

28 Ar of Moab. Quest. How can this be, since Ar was yet in the hands of the Moabites, Deut. ii. 9, 18, 29? Answ. 1. This may be understood not of the city Ar, but of the people or the country subject or belonging to that great and royal city, as the Chaldee understands it. 2. Possibly Ar was taken by Sihon of the Moabites, but afterwards was either recovered by the Moabites, or upon the Israelites' approach quitted

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its territories, they should now extend their אָבַד חֶשְׁבּוֹן עַד־דִיבֶן וַבִּים עַד־נֹפַח

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that he might fight with the Israelites, and place may be thus rendered, It shall consume repossessed by the Moabites. 3. This 178 Ar of Moab, the past tense being put for the be they future, as is usual in prophetical passages; and so this may be the Amorites' prediction is abab mawia or presage, that having taken Heshbon and

נקוד על ר' .30 .v

victories to Ar of Moab, though they fell short of that hope, as ordinarily men do. The lords of the high places; either, 1. The

princes or governors of the strong holds; or rather, 2. The priests and people that worshipped their god in their high places; which may seem more probable, 1. Because as the Israelites worshipped God, so the heathens worshipped Baal, in high places, Numb. xxii. 41, and particularly the Moabites are noted for so doing, Jer. xlviii. 35. 2. Because amongst the eminent places of Moab there is mention of Bamothbaal, or, of the high places of Baal, Josh. xiii. 17.

"wherefore the proverbialists;" that is, the poets, whose composures, in those days, were very sententious.

:

Say.] Have this song in their mouths: which seems to have been composed by some of the Amorites, upon the victory which Sihon got over the Moabites; particularly upon the taking of Heshbon, which, I suppose, he besieged immediately upon the routing of their army. This Moses thought good to insert in his history, as an evidence that this country belonged to the Amorites when the Israelites subdued it. Thus he quotes a common saying about Nimrod, to justify what he writes of his greatness (see Gen. x. 9).

Come into Heshbon.] The words either of Sihon calling to his people, or of the Amorites exhorting one another to go to Heshbon, and help to repair the ruins that had been caused in it by the war, that it might become the royal city of their country. For that is the meaning of the following words.

29 People of Chemosh, i.e., the worshippers of Chemosh: so the god of the Moabites was called, 1 Kings xi. 7, 33; 2 Kings xxiii. 13; Jer. xlviii. 46. He, i. e., their god, hath delivered up his own people to his and their enemies; he could not defend them, but suffered many of them to be killed; nor could he secure even those that had escaped the sword, but suffered them to fall into their enemies' hands, and by them to be carried into captivity. Unto Sihon king of the Amorites. Now the words of this and the following verse seem to be not a part of that triumphant song or poem made, as I suppose, by some Amoritish bard or poet, which seems to be concluded, ver. 28; 28 For there is a fire gone out of Heshbon.] but of the Israelites making their observation Now the poet rises into a rapture, and proupon it. And here they scoff at the im- phesies the conquest of the whole country potency not only of the Moabites, but of by the army of Sihon marching out of Heshtheir god also, who could not save his peo-bon. For in the prophetical language, the ple from the sword of Sihon and the Amor- desolations made by war are compared to fire and to the flames, which consume all they come near (Amos i. 7, 10, 12, 14; ii. 2, 5).

ites.

Let the city of Sihon be built and prepared.] Let that place which Sihon hath chosen for his seat be built up again, and made fit for his reception.

A flame from the city of Sihon.] This is but a repetition (as the manner is) of what was now said in other words; expressing the certainty of this presage.

30 Though you feeble Moabites and your god too, could not resist Sihon, we Israelites, by the help of our God, have shot, to wit, with success and victory, as the following words show, at them, to wit, at Sihon and his Amorites; which is easily and plainly understood, both from the foregoing and It hath consumed Ar of Moab.] He speaks following words. Heshbon, the royal city of as if he already saw the thing done which Sihon, and by him lately repaired, is perished, he foretold, though it never came to pass. is taken away from Sihon, and so is all his For they did not conquer Ar, which remained territory or country, even as far as Dibon, in the possession of Moab in Moses's time, which, as some think, is called Dibon-gad, as appears from Deut. ii. 9, 18, 29. But, in Numb. xxxiii. 45. Which reacheth unto his poetical heat (or fury, as they speak), he Medeba, i. e., whose territory extendeth to exults, as if they had actually taken the Medeba. Or, yea, even to Medeba; for the capital city of Moab. For so Ar was; and Hebrew word asher is sometimes used for afterward called Rabbath, and Rabbathyea, or moreover, as 1 Sam. xv. 20; Psal.moba, i. e., the great city of Moab, to disx. 6; xcv. 11. The sense is, the whole tinguish it from Rabbath-Ammon, i. e., the country of Sihon, taken by him from the Moabites, is wasted and perished.

great city of the Ammonites. For so we find in Stephanus (de Urbibus), 'PaßßáBp. Patrick.-27 They that speak in pro- Opopa (it should be Paßßáμwßa, as Boverbs.] In the Hebrew the words are, chartus hath truly corrected it, in his preface

to his Phaleg.), which he calls Tóλis τpiτη | word reacheth is not in the Hebrew; and Παλαιστίνης ἡ νῦν ̓Αρεόπολις. For Ar, as I the words without it may be thus truly said, was the old name of it (Deut. ii. 29; translated, "and as far as Medeba." For Isa. xvi. 1), from whence came the name of so the Hebrew particle asher is sometimes ̓Αρεόπολις, which it retained in later ages. used, to signify simply and, as Eccles. vi. 12, The lords of the high places of Arnon.] asher mi, and who can tell, &c., so here The masters or owners (as the word baale asher ad, and unto, &c. may be translated) of the high places, &c., i. e., those that dwell in the strongest forts of the country; or, as some fancy, the priests of the places are here meant; or, rather their temple where Baal was worshipped. For we find a place in this country called Bamoth-Baal (Josh. xiii. 17), "the high places of Baal." And it is evident, this poet triumphs in this 'Eiviкiоv over their gods and their religion, as well as over them.

29 Woe to thee, Moab!] He goes on to foretel the calamity of the whole country.

And here I think fit to note, that it is likely these verses were some part of the history of those countries: for a poetical way of writing was in use before prose, as Strabo tells us, lib. i., Geograph., p. 18.

Ken. This piece of poetry is an Epinicion, expressing the triumph of Israel over Sihon, king of the Amorites, who had conquered the Moabites in and around Heshbon, and driven them to the south of Arnon. The ode, consisting of fifteen lines, divides itself into three parts: part 1st is six lines, the 2d is five, and the 3d is four. The 1st part records, with bitter irony, the late insults of Sihon and his subjects, over the conquered Moabites. In part 2d is expressed the compassion of Israel over Moab, with a beautiful sarcasm upon Chemosh, the Moabite idol. And in part 3d Israel sets forth the revenge now taken by them upon the whole country of Sihon, from Heshbon to Dibon, and from Nophah even to Medeba, Isai. xv. 1, 2. That this ode was written by Moses seems highly probable; for the last part must (I apprehend) be He hath given his sons that escaped, and understood as spoken by the Israelites. his daughters, into captivity.] This is a The sarcasm on Chemosh, in the 2d part, manifest triumph over their god Chemosh, is much more likely to come from a worwho was not able to save his worshippers shipper of the true God, than from an (whom he calls his sons and his daughters, idolater. And if Moses wrote the 3d part, i. e., his children) who were under his protection.

Thou art undone, O people of Chemosh.] So he calls the Moabites, who served (as the Chaldee translates it) or worshipped Chemosh as their god for so we read he was, Jer. xlviii. 7, 13; 1 Kings xi. 7; Judg. xi. 24; which St. Jerome thinks differs from BaalPeor only in name (see Vossius de Orig. et Progr. Idolol, lib. ii., cap. 8). Some take Chemosh to be Saturn; particularly Scharastanius: the manner of whose worship see in Dr. Pocock's excellent annotations in Specim. Hist. Arab., p. 316.

30 We have shot at them; Heshbon is perished even unto Dibon.] The Hebrew words vanniram abad Heshbon ad Dibon, may as well, if not better, be translated, their light [so Bishop Horsley] is perished (or taken away) from Heshbon unto Dibon. So Forsterus in his Lexicon, and the Tigurin version, and others. That is, their glory is gone from one end of the country to the other; for Heshbon and Dibon were two famous places in this territory (Josh. xiii. 17). Nophah.] Another place in that country, as appears by the words following.

Which reacheth unto Medeba.] That is, the territories of Nophah extended as far as Medeba, which was certainly a place in the country of Moab (Isa. xv. 2). But the

he doubtless wrote the 2d, and consequently the 1st; for the 1st displays the late exultation of the Amorites over Moab; to which the conclusion forms a very happy contrast. 27 Wherefore they say who utter sententious speeches-

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