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LORD! to the myriads of Israel." The word puli quasi dolentium pro labore, contra has, after Jerom, been generally ren- Dominum. Vulg.

. רבבות being understood before

dered return to; the preposition, to, Bp. Patrick.-When the people comBut it is plained.] Or, as it is translated in the marjustly remarked by Houbigant that this is an gin, "were as it were complainers," or awkward version; for, granting that an mutterers. Which words, D. Kimchi, in or might be understood, which ought not his Michol, brings as an instance to prove readily to be granted, "non locum habere that the particle caph (which we translate potest revertere, de Arca dictum (jam) re- as), doth sometimes serve only to signify the quiescente, nec ab Israel nunquam dis- truth of a thing, and to confirm it, and cedente. Nos igitur, converte, Domine, imports nothing of likeness. For the dismillia millium Israel." This version is evi-, content of the people did not rest in their dently favoured by Sept. I consider minds, but broke out into open murmurhere as an active verb, in its third significa-ings and undutiful complaints. The like he tion, corresponding with the Latin quiesco, observes Gen. xxv. 31, 33, and Hosea in its active signification, and render give v. 10. "The princes of Judah were like repose to, fac quiescere. them that remove the bound:" where we make it to signify a similitude, but should only have taken it as a strong affirmation of the truth of the thing (see Theod. Hackspan, Disput. iv. De Locutionibus Sacris, n. 4).

Rosen.-36 Ante 2

subaud., ad, quod sæpius omittitur, ut Ex. iv. 19; Hos. vii. 11, 16. Sed quum alias semper scribi soleat (e. c. Deut. xxxiii. 17; Mich. vi. 7, al.), hie vero i extet; in hac scriptionis anomalia nonnulli duplicis, quæ Geddes.-Meanwhile, the people began olim in ea voce extiterit, lectionis indicium to mutter evil in the hearing of the deprehendere sibi visi sunt; quarum una LORD.

, altera iz fuerit. Atque priori illa Rosen. Et fuit populus quasi conquerentes adhibita, coll. Arab. 127, prafuit, rexit, malum in auribus Jora (ab, Arabice sensum esse: Revertere, Jova, Israelitarum gemuit, in Hithpoel præ dolore lugere, quemillibus præesse; altera vero, ex Arab. 827, rulari et murmurare, conf. Thren. iii. 39), curavit, in Conjug. 2: revertere, Israelitarum i. e., populus impie queritabat contra Jovam. millia curare. Neutra tamen harum sig nificationum Hebræis videtur in usu fuisse.

CHAP. XI. 1.

is, sicut ingemiscentes, similes se gerebant iis, qui amisso ingenti bono luctu ' gravissimo dejectos se sentiunt, ac gestu et voce ad exprimendum animi dolorem sese componunt. Ex hac igitur interpretatione mi non est opus, ut 2 positum putemus pro 8? :namen nage basis ingemiscerent, ut alii voluerunt. ", quum essent, sc. ingemiscentes, sive

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καὶ ἦν ὁ λαὸς γογγίζων πονηρὰ ἔναντι κυρίου. καὶ ἤκουσε κύριος, καὶ ἐθυμώθη ὀργῇ καὶ ἐξεκαύθη ἐν αὐτοῖς πῦρ παρὰ κυρίου, καὶ κατέφαγε μέρος τι τῆς παρεμβολῆς.

Au. For.-1 And when the people complained [or, were as it were complainers], it displeased [Heb., it was evil in the ears of, &c.] the LORD: and the LORD heard it; and his anger was kindled; and the fire of the LORD burnt among them, and consumed them that were in the uttermost parts of the

camp.

And when the people complained, it displeased the Lord.

Ι.ΧΧ, γογγίζων πονηρὰ murmurans mala,
Vulg., ortum est murmur. Rabbinorum
nonnulli verbum Hebr. interpretantur oc-
casionem quarore, quesi deducatur hoc
verbum ab 7, cansum prabuit, hine 87,
occasio et canssa. Sie Onkelos: quum
caussam quærerent malam contra Jovam.
The fire of the Lord.

Pool.-i. c., a fire sent from God in an extraordinary manner, possibly from the pillar of cloud and fire, or from heaven, as 2 Kings i. 12.

Bp. Patrick.-Some take this phrase, fire of the Lord,' to signify a great fire; Bp. Horsley.—The passage would be as "mountains of the Lord are high better rendered, "And the people mur- mountains; which came either from heaven mured wickedly in the ears of Jehovah." like lightning (as in 2 Kings i. 12), or from Interea ortum est murmur po the pillar of cloud and fire over the taber

So LXX.

nacle; where the glory of the Lord appeared in extremis castris, nimirum aliis in tersometimes like unto fire.

esse.

Rosen.-Exarsit in eos ignis Jove. Ita vocatur fulmen, cf. Job. i. 16; 2 Reg. i. 10, 12. Significatur, castra fulminis ictu tacta Alii intelligunt iram ardentem, coll. Ps. lxxviii. 21. Tunc totus hic locus ageret de morbo pestifero, qui multos consumsit (79020 722). Alii sub igne Jovæ ventum urentem, Samum, i.e., venenatum vocatum, intelligunt.

rorem. Videtur autem fulmen dumeta et fruticeta in illis desertis frequentia, inter quæ Israelitæ castra posuerunt, incendisse ; qui ignis non facile extinguendus, et cito huc illuc currens brevi multa tentoria consumere potuit.

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תַּאֲוָה וַיָּשָׁבוּ וַיִּבְכּוּ גַּם בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Attamen prior interpretatio

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videtur præferenda.

Consumed them that were in the uttermost

parts of the camp.

καὶ ὁ ἐπίμικτος ὁ ἐν αὐτοῖς ἐπεθύμησεν

Au. Ver.4 And the mixt multitude that was among them fell a lusting [Heb., lusted a lust]: and the children of Israel also wept again [Heb., returned and wept], and said, Who shall give us flesh to eat? The mixt multitude.

Ged., Booth. The mixt multitude of strangers.

Bp. Patrick. In the uttermost parts of ἐπιθυμίαν. καὶ καθίσαντες ἔκλαιον καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ the camp.] Where the mixed multitude was Ἰσραὴλ, καὶ εἶπαν. τίς ἡμᾶς ψωμιεῖ κρέα. (as I observed, ch. x. 25), who came out of Egypt; and may well be supposed to have stirred up the Israelites to complain of their tedious journey, which had not yet brought them near to the land of Canaan. And perhaps some of them lagged behind on purpose, that they might complain of weariness (as some take it), or rather of want of stronger food. But Bochartus hath demon- Bp. Patrick.-The Hebrew word hasaphstrated, that this word which we translate suph is well translated by Bochartus, "populi the uttermost parts, signifies in all, or colluvies undecunque collecta," "the dregs throughout. Of which he gives many instances out of Lud. De Dieu, upon Ezek. xxxiii. 1 (see Gen. xix. 4, and xlvii. 2, &c. Hierozoic., par. i., lib. ii., cap. 34). And therefore so it should be here rendered, consumed some in every part of the camp: where they began to make complaints one to another, of their being still in a wilder

ness.

or scum of the people gathered together from all parts." For the doubling of words increases their sense, in the Hebrew language, and makes the same with the superlative degree in other tongues; of which he gives many instances in his Hierozoic. (par. ii., lib. v., cap. 6). See Lev. xiii. 19, where adamdameth signifies exceeding red: as ha| saphsuph here doth a very great collection of all sorts of people, both Egyptians and other neighbouring nations, who were invited by their wonderful deliverance out of Egypt, rightly, for is elsewhere to join themselves to the Israelites, as proselytes to their religion (see Exod. xii.

Ged., Booth.-"Consumed a part of the camp." On this passage Secker has the following just remark: "Sep. consumed part of the camp;

were forty thousand of them, and Jannes and Jambres at the head of them.

followed by a 2, and 7 doth not always signify an extremity, but any part, or every 38). The Jews, in Tanchuma, say, there part. Dele, therefore, them that were in. To this I shall only add, that the Latin translator of the Sam. text has very properly rendered, et consumpsit partem castrorum. Houbigant partem castrorum absumpsit.-Ged.

the camp.

Bp. Horsley. And the children of Israel also wept again; rather, and the children of Israel also sat and wept. See LXX, Vulg., and Sam. If the verb must be referred Gesen.-Consumed some in every part of to the root 2 rather than 2 (for which I see no reason), the passage were better Rosen-Et consumsit extremitatem cas-rendered as by Queen Elizabeth's transtrorum. Jarchi intelligit extremos s. ultimo loco positos, qui inter cos, Israelitas, erant, ita dictos propter vilitatem, fuisse enim illos vulgus illud mixtum, de quo vs. 4. Sed videtur simplex esse sensus, ignem cœpisse

lators, "And a number of people that was among them fell a-lusting, and turned away, and the children of Israel also wept," &c.

Rosen., Redibant et flebant, i. e., iterum flebaut, iterum queritabant. Hebræi

enim verbo utuntur, si alicujus rei itera- | καὶ διεπορεύετο ὁ λαὸς καὶ συνέλεγον, καὶ tionem exprimere volunt. Cf. ad Gen. xxvi. 18, coll. ib. 30, 31. LXX, καθίσαντες ἔκλαιον. Pro legerunt. Sic et Vulgatus: sedens et flens.

4, 7, Who shall give us flesh to eat. Ged., Booth.-O that we had flesh to eat. Rosen.-Quis nobis carnem comedendam dabit, i. e., utinam nobis daretur caro! At Israelitæ ingentem pecoris et armenti copiam ex Ægypto secum duxisse dicuntur, Ex. xii. 38, quomodo igitur carnes flagitare potuerunt? Respondent nonnulli, vocem

h. 1. de piscium carne intelligendam esse, ut Lev. xi. 11, præsertim cum statim vs. sq. de piscibus sermo sit. Sed nil impedit, quo minus etiam de carne bovilla, ovilla et caprina intelligamus. Vetantur enim Israelitæ harum carnium esu, dum in itinere essent, nisi in epulis sacrificalibus, Lev. xvii. 1--7.

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ἤληθον αὐτὸ ἐν τῷ μύλῳ, καὶ ἔτριβον ἐν τῇ θυΐα, καὶ ἥψουν αὐτὸ ἐν τῇ χύτρα, καὶ ἐποίουν avrò èyкpvdías. Kaì ĥv ý ýdový aỷтoû wσeì γεῦμα ἐγκρὶς ἐξ ἐλαίου.

Au. Ver.-8 And the people went about, and gathered it, and ground it in mills, or beat it in a mortar, and baked it in and pans, made cakes of it: and the taste of it was as the taste of fresh oil.

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Gesen., Lee.-Cakes baked on the hearth.
Etiam-
Rosen.-Placentas subcineritias.

num in Persia placentarum genus ex manna
confici solet.

And the taste of it was as the taste of fresh oil.

Pool.-Or, of the most excellent oil; or, of the flour of oil; or, as others, of cakes or paste made with the best oil, the word cakes being easily supplied out of the foregoing member of the verse; or, which is not much differing, like wafers made with honey, as it

τὸ δὲ μάννα ὡσεὶ σπέρμα κυρίου ἐστὶ, καὶ τὸ is said, Exod. xvi. 31. The nature and use εἶδος αὐτοῦ εἶδος κρυστάλλου.

Au. Ver.-7 And the manna was as coriander seed, and the colour thereof as the colour of [Heb., eye of it as the eye of] bdellium.

As coriander seed. See notes on Exod. xvi. 31.

Pool. As coriander seed; not for colour, for that is black, but for shape and figure. Bdellium.

Pool.-Bdellium is either, 1. The gum of a tree, of a white and bright colour; or rather, 2. A gem or precious stone, as the Hebrew doctors take it; and particularly a pearl, as some render it, wherewith the manna doth manifestly agree both in its colour, which is white, Exod. xvi. 14, and in its figure, which is round.

Horsley, Ged., Booth.-Pearl. Prof. Lee supposes that either the crystal or the beryl is meant, probably the former. See also note on Gen. xi. 12.

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of manna is here thus particularly described, to show the greatness of their sin in despising such excellent food as this was.

Ged. Its taste was like that of an oil cake.

Gesen., oil cakes, i.e., oil pancakes. Ι.ΧΧ, ἐγκρὶς ἐξ ἐλαίου. Vulg., panis oleatus. Onk. and Syr. (which interpretation does not make it necessary to suppose, either that they have also derived from, or that they have followed a different reading). A denominative derived from it appears to be the Arabic word, signifying, to lay the soaked pieces in a dish.

Professor Lee.. Arab., suxit heedus;, act, of do. Moisture, Ps. xxxii. 1. Num. xi. 8, 1, "as the taste of fresh oil." Auth. Vers. Aquila, τοῦ μαστοῦ ἐλαίου : taking as a mark of the Gen, case, and 7, the breast. Schleusn. Lex. LXX, éyxpìs ¿§ ¿λaíov. Placenta olei, Gesen. So also Syr. and Targ. Oiled bread or cake, al. non oee.

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oleum ipsum jam sit liquor?

יְשַׁר Pro

Au. Ver.-15 And if thou deal thus with veteres legisse, depsum aliquid, a,me, kill me, I pray thee, out of hand, if I depsere, quidam inde collegerunt, quod On-have found favour in thy sight; and let me kelos et Syrus massam cum oleo reddiderunt. not see my wretchedness.

Similiter LXX, ¿yxpìs ¿¿ ¿λalov, Vulgat., Ken. We have here the pronoun fem. panis oleatus, Arabs Erpenii: spongiosa instead of the masc. pronoun ; and placenta mellis. Pro autem legisse , this, even in the speech of Moses to God mel, non tantum Arabem Erpenii volunt; himself-an absurdity so great, that the verum et paraphrasten Hierosol., qui cocta reader scarce need be informed, that it is in melle; et Symmachum, qui tamen utram- peculiar to the Heb. text. As so extravaque lectionem conjungit, ponens paσToûv els gant a mistake has been made and continued, XITOS ÉK μÉXITOs, pingue vel molle quid it must be extravagantly accounted for-and coctum ex melle. Michaelis Bibl. Orient. we are told (what we can hardly read with Nov., p. iii., p. 225, suspicatur a Mose patience) that Moses writ this pronoun withscriptum fuisse, placenta out the 7, to indicate, that he was so exasmollis ex melle confecta (coll. Arab. 7, perated, during this his address to the molle fuit), nam si voces una serie scriptas Divine being, as to be incapable of pronobis cogitemus, w, facile intelligi nouncing the whole word, and could only posse originem non solum lectionis Maso- speak the first of the two syllables! The rethicæ, sed etiam varietatis lectionis in same mistake has been made in 1 Sam. xxiv. versionibus antiquis. Hine Michaelis etiam 19-where the punctuation shows it to have vertit Honigkuchen. Mihi tamen lectio Ma- been formerly ; as it is now in MS. 2, sorethica sensum non ineptum dare videtur, and was at first in MS. 5. si interpretamur buccellas minutas, sive parvas placentas, cujus significationis ves- Ged. Two of Kennicott's MSS. instead tigium adhuc in Arab. dialecto deprehendere of my misery read to, their misery; and mihi videor; enim significat: congesta the Jerusalem Tharg. has also the same offa, sive maceratis panis frustis per partes reading, panens 8, and adds, by way et ordines implevit æquavitque patinam: vid. of explanation, 7, who are thine own Castelli Heptagl., p. 1973. 12 igitur people. Nay, Jarchi assures us that this is fuerint buccellæ in oleo maceratæ. Cum is the right reading. "Scribendum ei fuisset autem saporem mannæ comparari neminem sed utitur scriptura cognominatione: offendet, qui cogitat, oleum in illis regio- atque hæc una est ex correctionibus scrinibus jucundissimi esse saporis, atque pla-barum in lege, ad cognomentum et corcentas in oleo maceratas ab Orientalibus | rectionem lingue." The Masora tells us inter optimos haberi cibos.

Ver. 10.

Au. Ver.-10 Then Moses heard the people weep throughout their families, every man in the door of his tent and the anger of the LORD was kindled greatly; Moses also was displeased.

My wretchedness.

that there are eighteen such places. See Buxtorf's Lex. Talmud., p. 1051, or Eichhorn's Einleitung, vol. i., sect. 116.

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καὶ εἶπε κύριος πρὸς Μουσῆν. συναγαγέ

Ged., Booth.-When Moses heard that the people were weeping, throughout their, families, each at the door of his own tent ; μοι ἑβδομήκοντα ἄνδρας ἀπὸ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων and that the anger, &c.

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Ἰσραὴλ, οὓς αὐτὸς σὺ οἶδας, ὅτι οὗτοί εἰσι πρεσβύτεροι τοῦ λαοῦ καὶ γραμματεῖς αὐτῶν, K.T.λ.

Au. Fer.-16 And the LORD said unto

Moses, Gather unto me seventy men of the elders of Israel, whom thou knowest to be the elders of the people, and officers over them ; and bring them unto the tabernacle of the congregation, that they may stand there with thee.

Gather unto me.

warriors are placed under two commanders, Bp. Patrick. These words are interpreted a and a). In Prov. vi. 7 (it is by the Talmudists, as if the meaning was, joined to and 7). Targ. T, 1979, that "they may be a Sanhedrin to my land;" superintendent. Vulg., magistri, duces, exi. e., a holy, perpetual, standing council, to actores. But the LXX and Syr., in most endure throughout all generations. For passages, ypaupareùs, scriba. (Comp.

wheresoever we meet with this word li "unto

(Comp., me," they think it signifies a thing to be to write); whence Michaelis (Mos. Recht, established by God to all generations. The th. i., § 51. Supplemm., p. 2319), and most modern authors supposed them to be writers examples they allege of it are these: of Aaron and his sons he saith, They shall of genealogical tables, which, however, is minister unto me in the priest's office, (Exod. inapplicable to the context of the passages xxviii. 41), and of the Levites he saith (Numb. iii. 12), They shall be mine, or unto me; and of the Israelites (Lev. xxv. 55), Unto me the children of Israel are servants. The like is said of the firstborn (Numb. iii. 13), of the sanctuary (Exod. xxv. 18), of the altar (Exod. xx. 24), of the holy ointment

quoted.

Tabernacle of the congregation. notes on Exod. xxvii. 21.

Ver. 20.

See

Au. Ver.-20 But even a whole month [Heb., month of days], until it come out at

&c.

(Exod. xxx. 31), of the kingdom of David your nostrils, and it be loathsome unto you, (1 Sam. xvi. 1), and of the sacrifices (Numb. xxviii. 2. See Mr. Selden, lib. ii., De Synedr., cap. 4, n. 2).

Whom thou knowest to be the elders of the people. So Pool, Rosen.

Rosen., Donec vobis ex naso exeat, fotor nempe carnium, quas edistis. Significatur, Israelitas carnes comesturos esse ad summam usque nauseam.

Pool. Whom thou knowest to be the elders; whom thou by experience discernest to be on see on elders not only in years, and name, and

A

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Ver. 22.

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אִם אֶת־כָּל־דְּגֵי הַיָּם יֵאָסֵף לָהֶם וּמָצָא place, but also in wisdom, and gravity, and

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authority with the people.

Booth.-Gather to me seventy men of the elders of Israel, whom thou knowest, that they may be elders and scribes of the people, &c.

Rosen.-Congrega mihi septuaginta viros e senibus populi Israelitici, quos senes et præ-' fectos populi nosti.

Gesen.—, Arab., to superintend,

to direct, manage, arrange (withe). Hebrew only in the part. of Kal, superintendent, officer. It is used

In

(a) Of the superintendents of the people in Egypt, and on the march through the desert, Exod. v. 6-19 (where they had the inspection over the people at work). Numb. xi. 16 (where the seventy elders are like wise called superintendents). Deut. xx. 9; xxix. 9; xxxi. 28; Josh. i. 10; iii. 2 (where they superintend the arrangements in the camp); viii. 33; xxiii. 2; xxiv. 1.

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(b) Of the officers in the cities of Israel, Deut. xvi. 18; 1 Chron. xxiii. 4; xxvi. 29; mal The Sen

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יָסְפוּ :

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2 Chron. xix. 11; xxxiv. 13.

(c) Of persons in higher authority, e. g.,. 2 Chron. xxvi. 11 (where the newly enlisted

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