auspices of the American Board; but just at that period there was a special call for reinforcing the mission to these islands. He arrived at Honolulu, May 17th, 1832, in company with the Rev. Messrs. Lyman, Spaulding, Alexander, Armstrong, Forbes, Hitchcock, and Lyons, and Dr. Chapin, and Mr. Rogers, printer.

Very soon after his arrival the "general meeting" of the Mission assigned Mr. and Mrs. Emerson to the station of Waialua, on Oahu. There they have spent their entire missionary life, with the exception of four years, while Mr. Emerson officiated as a Professor, at Lahainaluna Seminary, viz., from 1842 to 1846. It was during his residence at Lahainaluna that he published, with the assistance of Messrs. Alexander and Bishop, and S. M. Kamakau, an English-Hawaiian Dictionary, which was based upon Webster's Abridgment. This is a closely printed volume of 184 pages, containing over 16,000 words in English, but with Hawaiian definitions. Andrews Hawaiian-English Dictionary contains 15,500, and Johnson's English Dictionary (original edition) contains 15,784. Mr. Emerson was a most strenuous advocate for the introduction of the English language as a study in the Seminary, and it was in the promotion of this object that he prepared the English-Hawaiian Dictionary. At the end of four years' arduous labours as a teacher, he returned to Waialu, where he spent the remainder of his life in the cheerful and successful discharge of his clerical and parochial duties. At the close of so many years of pastoral and ministerial labour among this people, it appeared highly becoming that he should finally sink to rest among them, with every appropriate honour which his former parishioners could bestow upon his memory. He resigned his pastorate, through increasing infirmities, in 1864, as he had been warned of what might at any moment be his fate, having been afflicted with an apoplectic stroke in 1859, and another in 1863. Thus it appeared that those attacks occurred at intervals of just four years. The morning after his decease, at a meeting of the pastor and lunas, or deacons, of the church at Waialua, a resolution was passed for the church to defray all the expenses of the funeral. In addition to the usual expenses, the doors, communion table, and pulpit, were suitably draped in black. Prayers having been offered at the parsonage, by the Rev. Mr. Kaoliko, in Hawaiian, and the Rev. Mr. Damon, in English, the procession was formed, and followed the coffin to the church, borne by the lunas of the church as pall-bearers.

The following order of exercise was observed at the church :—

Singing-Hawaiian hymn, translation of “Vital

Spark."

Prayer-By the Rev. M. Kuaea, Pastor. Reading of 15 chap. of 1st Cor.--By Rev. L. Smith.

Singing "Heaven is my Home."

Sermon text, 1st Cor. 2-9-By Rev. L. Smith. Singing "Resurrection."

Address in English-By Rev. S. C. Damon. Address in Hawaiian-By Rev. M. Kuaea. The procession reformed and proceeded to the grave, where the remains of our departed friend were deposited by foreigners, who were neighbours of the deceased, Mr. Anderson, the school superintendent, having the direction. Before the coffin was lowered into the grave, the choir sang, "Unveil thy bosom," translated into Hawaiian, and prayer was offered at the close, by the Rev. S. C. Damon.

The audience was large, and the church well filled. We know not how more becoming and appropriate honours or respect could have been shown the remains of the deceased. He had laboured long and faithfully among his people. While we could say much respecting his labours as a pastor, preacher, and teacher, yet we must confine our remarks to a single point. From the commencement of his labours at Waialua, he endeavoured to interest his people in the diligent reading and study of the Bible. He had so arranged the reading of the Bible that his people were accustomed to read the entire Bible through once in about three years. Many times had his people gone over the Word of God. In the daily morning prayer-meeting, which has been kept up for many years at the church, and which he usually attended, he would read and comment on the chapters for the day. We-recollect some months ago to have asked an old Hawaiian, belonging to the Waialua church, how many times he had read the Bible through. His reply was "eiwa" (nine)! A fact like this speaks volumes in favour of the labours of our departed co-labourer in the work of the Gospel ministry. Would that all pastors had left as good a record among their people!

We could add much more, but our limits will not permit us to do so. We cannot refrain from adding a single paragraph respecting the family which is left to mourn his loss. Mrs. E. has ever been a most efficient coadjutor to her husband. She did not confine her labours to domestic affairs, but most incessantly has she toiled and

laboured among the people. For years she has conducted the singing in the church, and administered in times and ways without number to the wants of the people in sickness and health; and we are most happy to learn that she expects still to labour as heretofore for the people. No one who has not fully acquainted himself with the facts, can estimate the amount of labour performed by the wife of an Hawaiian Pastor, who is devoted to her work. They have been peculiarly happy in their family. Two sons have died, but five sons and one daughter survive to mourn the loss of their father. Two of the sons are studying

medicine in the United States, one of whom served in the union army, and fought at Fredericksburgh and Gettysburgh. Another son is now an undergraduate at Williams College, preparing for the Christian ministry, while the remaining children are residing upon the islands. In view of such a death may we not exclaim in the language of the revelator John, " And I heard a voice from heaven saying unto me, write, blessed are the dead which die in the Lord, from henceforth : Yea, saith the Spirit, that they may rest from their labours: and their works do follow them.”From the Honolulu Friend.

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"The Southern Cross sailed on Monday, May 28th. The Bishop of New Zealand came to Kohimarama, and, after a short service in the chapel, accompanied us on board. As we weighed anchor, he left us with parting words of blessing. "Our voyage to Norfolk Island was, as usual, slow, and on this occasion very rough. At last, on Saturday morning, June 9th, we sighted land, and by noon we were all on shore, except some dozen lads, who thought it wiser to forego the delight of two days on shore, and so secure themselves against any return of sea-sickness.

"On Saturday morning the 16th we made the land, the weather being thick and squally, and landed Mov, at his request, in Pango Bay. This young man was taken to Erromanga many years ago to clear sandal-wood, and, with some companions, made his escape in a boat, and drifted past his own island, and through all the northern islands of the New Hebrides group to Star Island, whence he went to Mota. The bishop found him there, and took him for a couple of years into his school, and to-day returned him to his own island. We anchored on Sunday morning off the usual landing-place at Mae, and, after our native and English services, went ashore with our four Sesake scholars neatly dressed, and carrying each one a goodly bag of clothes and other property accumulated in New Zealand. A considerable number of people, about 200, met us as we waded ashore. The news of their two friends being left in New Zealand was well received by the people inhabiting

A

different language from our Sesake friends. We walked two or three miles inland, and saw all our old acquaintance now on the island; others were absent in trading vessels which had called here, and some have died of a prevalent influenza. desultory warfare was being carried on with a neighbouring tribe, in which three people had been killed and others wounded; but this is unhappily the ordinary state of things in these islands. The people all go about armed as usual, and, to a stranger's eye, would no doubt appear very wild; but for many years past we have been very good friends, and we know each other well, yet we cannot afford time to remain here long, and we have as yet no one who can be placed upon the island as a teacher. We can only hope and pray that before long some of us may be able to remain here for a season.

"On Monday we spent a hard-working morning in a manner very necessary for the success of our voyage, yet not corresponding exactly to the notion that people usually form of the duties of a missionary. At seven a.m. the Bishop, Mr. Palmer, and Mr. Atkin, with three of our scholars, went off to a boat cove nearly two miles distant, where a large party of natives was assembled in great excitement, each man carrying yams, or sugar cane, or a pig, or some other article of trade. The boat was of course surrounded in a moment, each man pressing forward to sell his goods. We succeed in most places, after one or two visits, in making the people understand that we must buy by weight, and not by the number of yams, which of course

vary greatly in size. So the missionaries become yam and pig-dealers for the time; a steelyard is hung upon the nearest branch, and a hatchet is given for 70 lbs. or 80 lbs. of yams. The people deal honestly enough, bringing more yams to make up any deficiency in weight, and highly approving of our honesty when we return a yam from a basket above weight. The noise is deafening; every one is anxious to get rid of his produce; every one talks at the same time and at the top of his voice; men shout and women scream, and pigs squeal, and every one is wet through with wading, and covered with the fresh soil from which many of the yams have just been taken, and stained with the turmeric which covers the bodies and mats of the people. At last the boat, quite full of yams and pigs, is shoved off, and then the excitement subsides; the people sit quietly round the missionary, who remains on shore while the boat returns to the schooner. Pigs and yams are forgotten for a while, and the talk is of their affairs in the island, and our customs in New Zealand; questions are asked about our motives in taking away some of their young people; many volunteer to come with us, and we have no difficulty in securing any amount of attention while we tell them, when we know the language sufficiently well, the old and new story, and contrast a life of peace and happiness with their suspicious mode of life, their quarrellings, and fightings.

"There is now good reason to speak here of such things; two of our acquaintances were sitting wounded by us, three had lately been killed and eaten by a neighbouring, but, as usual, hostile tribe. They assent, as a matter of course, to all that we say, but by most of them, it is alas! soon forgotten; yet some lads come away with us, and it is through them that we hope to work upon the people.

"In the afternoon a distant village was visited for the first time, where we found a larger population than at either of the districts of the island already known to us. All day long it blew very hard, and looked very wild outside; but the vessel lay easily at anchor under the lee of the island, and it was safe enough for boating. These days are always fatiguing. It is necessary to be watchful without appearing to watch; to say a word here and there at the right time, to keep every one in good temper. The mere noise is distracting, and often, as to-day, two distinct languages but imperfectly known must be spoken almost at the same moment, to say nothing of

directions in their languages to our own scholars from other islands assisting us in the boat, and the bartering hatchets, &c., for yams.

"Often, where we are not well known, these visits are attended with some risk. It is impossible to buy all the yams, and it tries a man's temper to have to carry back unsold a heavy weight, it may be a mile or two, to his village. Not unfrequently some reckless fellow sends an arrow after the boat's men who have not satisfied his longing for a hatchet; they have little idea of the value, and no idea of the sanctity, of human life, and think no more of shooting at a man than a schoolboy of throwing a stone at a bird. But for this very reason the boat ought not to be suffered to leave the vessel without some thoroughly responsible person, well acquainted with native habits; the Bishop invariably goes himself. The islanders, of course, seize upon the opportunity afforded by these visits to obtain hatchets, adzes, fish-hooks, &c., and we must barter with them, or give up all hope of obtaining a friendly introduction to them. Moreover, we must feed our large party on board. We can only redeem this 'barbarism of barter' by remembering that it is a necessary step to a more perfect acquaintance with each other.

"June 21.-To-day we lowered the boat in the early morning off Whitsuntide Island, where the Bishop is well known to many of the people. We stayed but a short while, however, as we only wished to tell them that we hoped to return in two or three months. The breeze was still very stormy, and it took but a short time to sail on to the north side of Leper's Island. This magnificent island is inhabited by a singularly fine race of people. Never was a place more completely misnamed. The natives live in a very sad, quarrelsome way among themselves; but they know us now in many parts of the island, and a visit to them has become far less anxious work than it once was. Yet to-day we saw a very good illustration of the character and habits of the people, their friendship to us, and their suspicious, uncertain behaviour to each other.

"We took our two scholars ashore, and on the way the father of one of them met us and got into the boat. He had, of course, some information to give of fighting among themselves and the neighbouring villages. One of the lads begged the Bishop to steer a little more to the eastward, as it would be unsafe for him to land two hundred yards from the spot to which he directed us. A crowd of people met the boat, bringing presents

of yams, taro, cocoa-nuts, native mats, &c. The Bishop was laid hold of as usual, as he went ashore; pig's tusks (a great ornament at this island) were thrust on his wrists, a bow and arrows, amongst other presents, put into his hands; men, women, and children were all thronging to touch his hand, and exhibiting every mark of welcome. They begged him to go in shore and eat some food, to sleep there, to stop among them; but he was obliged to tell them that he had many scholars on board whom he wished to take without delay to their homes, and that he could not stay now, but would do so on his return. Then he waded back to the boat, calling out for some hatchets to give to these friendly islanders, when one of the lads whom we had just taken on shore, hastily ran up to him with a frightened look, and said, 'Get into the boat; quick, quick; pull away directly, they are shooting here!' No one thought of shooting an arrow at us, but some quarrel had arisen among them in a moment, the women ran off, and so this pleasant visit broke off abruptly. This is a fair specimen of the reckless, lawless way of living throughout these islands. Any one mischievous person has it in his power to bring on at any moment a serious quarrel; the men join in on one side or the other from impulse, from mere excitement, or from some feeling that, right or wrong, they must take the part of a kinsman or member of their village. Then some one is killed in the heat of the quarrel, and so the beginning is made of a series of retaliatory acts which may prolong the quarrel for years. A hundred yards from the shore we were again talking and exchanging articles of trade with the natives in their canoes as if nothing had happened. What a grand island this is! The long slopes of the lofty hills are literally covered with forests of cocoa-nut trees and bananas.

"We filled up our water-tanks the next day at a beautiful waterfall in Aurora Island, where the people sitting about us watched the bush anxiously, with arrows fitted to their bowstrings, expecting at any moment an attack from the neighbouring village, with which they were of course at war. The Bishop several times begged them to go away, saying, 'If you choose to quarrel, I don't want to have anything to do with it, and I feel pretty sure that there are faults on both sides. If the other people who are stronger than you come up and find me alone, it will be all right, because I am a friend of both. But I have no desire to be shot by either party in the melée, with an arrow not intended for me.' However, our friends,

though they left us for a while, could not be restrained from coming back to get a few fishhooks and presents from us. We had a delicious bathe in the clear foaming stream.

"We left Araa at three p.m. on June 23rd, set the square sail, and started with a fair wind for the Solomon Islands. We landed our island party in the early morning of Wednesday, June 27; and, in spite of light and baffling winds, managed to reach the village of our San Christoval scholars on the same day, and took them on shore at 8.30 p.m. A pretty sight it was. Their friends had lighted a large fire under a tree, whose branches reached over the edge of the little boatcove. Their dark forms were grouped round the fire, blazing up into the branches of the tree, and the thick dark foliage behind contrasted with the white line of surf on either side of the narrow passage behind us.

On the next day we reached Anudha Island, and landed our scholars. The feeling of the people here is becoming very friendly, and we hope to spend a short time with them soon; but we were anxious to take on our scholars to Ysabel Island without delay.

The morning of Friday, June 29th, was unfavourable for working into our anchorage at Ysabel. Thick rain-squalls obliged us to give up the attempt till after mid-day, when the weather improved; and by 2 p.m. we were once more at anchor. We have, indeed, much to be thankful for. Out of sixty-nine Melanesians with us last season, one only has been taken from us by death; twenty-seven remain at Kohimarama; but ten, who spent the former winter there, have now been taken home for a holiday; so that forty-one scholars have been returned in safety. How different our reception might have been if we had brought back diminished numbers, with sad tales of sickness and death. Thank God! we have been spared this, and everything looks hopeful; though we learn each voyage not to expect to see any great or sudden change, but to be thankful for any appearance of improvement, where everything so greatly, so fearfully needs it.

The south-east end of this great island is very mountainous. Each valley contains its small population, and, as a general rule, the inhabitants of one valley may be presumed to be at war with their neighbours. They cannot contrive to live close to each other without opportunities occurring of committing frequent depredations. Women, yams, pigs, are stolen ; quarrels and deaths follow as a matter of course.

But men and lads who