PART III-ANALYSIS.

220. To break up a sentence into its elementary parts, and to explain the relation in which those parts stand to one another, is called Analysis. It is a Greek word, meaning 'breaking up.'

Sentence.

221. A Sentence is a statement of a fact, with or without subordinate clauses:

All night the booming minute-gun
Had pealed along the deep.

Seldom he smiles, and smiles in such a sort
As if he mocked himself, and scorned his spirit
That could be moved to smile at anything.

222. A sentence may be affirmative, negative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory:

EXERCISE 33.

1. What is meant by Analysis?

2. What is a Sentence? Name the different kinds of sentences, and give three examples of each.

3. Class the following sentences :

O thou my voice inspire,

Who touched Isaiah's hallowed lips with fire!

The smiling infant in his hand shall take
The crested basilisk and speckled snake.
And why stands Scotland idly now,
Dark Flodden! on thy airy brow?

O call my Brother back to me!
I cannot play alone-

The summer comes with flower and bee-
Where is my Brother gone?

I have an oath in Heaven

Shall I lay perjury upon my soul?
No, not for Venice.

Clause.

223. When a sentence consists of two or more connected statements, each statement is termed a Clause:

When [Britain first at Heaven's command

Arose from out the azure main, ]

[This was the charter of the land,]

And [guardian angels sung this strain :]
[Rule, Britannia,] [rule the waves :]
[Britons never will be slaves.]

Noun Clause.

224. A clause is frequently employed as a Noun, and in that case is always either the

Subject, Object, or Complement of a verb, or in apposition to a noun:

What he said has escaped my memory, but I know he was present at the meeting.

What he said is the subject of 'has escaped,' and he was present at the meeting is the object

of 'know.'

Nelson's last signal was [England expects every man to do his duty].

This clause is the complement to was.

And guardian angels sung this strain :
[Rule, Britannia.]

Rule, Britannia,' is a noun clause in apposition to strain.

EXERCISE 34.

1. Point out the Noun clauses, and state whether they are the subject, object, or complement to a verb, or in apposition:

What the poet has to cultivate above all things is love and truth.

Glamis thou art, and Cawdor; and shalt be

What thou art promised.

I dare do all that may become a man :

Who dares do more, is none.

He saw these dismal preparations and believed his last hour was come.

What may be allowed to romantic and sentimental writers cannot be conceded to writers on Natural History.

The cry is still 'They come.'

That the trees were broken is certain, but that the fracture was caused by the number of pigeons roosting on them I utterly disbelieve.

False face must hide what the false heart doth know.

Some say the earth was feverous and did shake.

Methought I heard a voice cry, 'Sleep no more!
Macbeth doth murder sleep—the innocent sleep.'

The ominous cry 'To your tents, O Israel!' was heard among the crowd.

I have often heard countrymen say they had rather see any bird than a magpie.

Adjective Clause.

225. A Relative clause usually describes the antecedent, and thus performs the part of an adjective.

He that hides a dark soul and foul thought
Benighted walks under the mid-day sun.

The Relative clause here describes the antecedent he, and represents an adjective.

EXERCISE 35.

1. Distinguish the Adjective clauses, and point out the nouns they qualify :

The wild ducks which frequent this place may be observed to catch insects on the water in the day-time.

A Dutch lady had given me a young tiger-cat, which one of her negroes had taken in a coffee-field.

Ovid, who knew more of birds than any man of his time, gives us an account of a family of young ladies in Macedonia who were all changed into magpies.

The magpie does not show the intensity of feeling for its eggs that it is known to have for its young.

There's blood upon that dinted sword-
A stain its steel can never lose.

'How happy,' exclaimed this Child of Air,
Are the holy Spirits that wander there
'Mid flowers that never shall fade or fall.'

O Brackenbury, I have done these things
That now give evidence against my soul.

Prejudices are notions or opinions which the mind entertains without knowing the grounds and reasons of them, and which are assented to without examination.

Adverbial Clause.

226. A clause is often employed as an Adverb, to indicate time, manner, place, &c. :

The stag at eve had drunk his fill

When danced the moon on Monan's rill.

This clause is an Adverbial of time modifying had drunk.

Subordinate Clause.

227. These Noun, Adjective, and Adverbial clauses are called Subordinates, and the main statement with which they are connected is called the Principal clause:

What he said (Noun) will be confirmed when the trial takes place (Adverbial) by the witnesses who heard him (Adjective).

He reads (Princ.) that he may learn (Adverbial of purpose).