a correlative word, usually an adverb or a pro

noun, in the primary clause:

1. What are Co-ordinant and Sub-ordinant Conjunctions? 2. Point out the Conjunctions in the following sentences, and show what they connect :

a.

Lightly they'll talk of the spirit that's gone,
And o'er his cold ashes upbraid him;

But little he'll reck if they let him sleep on

In the grave where a Briton has laid him.

b. Dryden wrote, and professed to write, merely for the people; and, when he pleased others, he contented himself.

c. When I was young, as thou now art, I never thought to be old, as now I am.

d. Three wives sat up in the lighthouse tower,

e.

And they trimmed their lamps as the sun went down; They looked at the squall and they looked at the shower, And the night-rack came rolling up rugged and brown. I chatter, chatter, as I flow

To join the brimming river;

For men may come and men may go,

But I go on for ever.

f. The young boy learnt for the first time the meaning of his life. It was no fool's or sluggard's paradise into which he had wandered by chance, but a battle-field ordained from of old, where there are no spectators, but the youngest must take his side, and the stakes are Life and Death.

* As, so, and yet are adverbs; either, neither, whether, are pronouns; and both is a numeral. 'Both (Cæsar and Napoleon) were ambitious.' 'Either (Bacon or Locke) is mistaken.' "Neither (pleasure nor wealth) is the chief good.' 'He doubted whether, i.e. which of the two (Hannibal or Scipio), was the better general.'

INTERJECTIONS.

186. An Interjection is a word or short phrase expressing some feeling of the mind, such as pity, anger, surprise, contempt, but having no grammatical connexion with the sentence in which it occurs: Lo! hark! begone! How strange! Dear me!

PART II. SYNTAX.

187. THE explanation of the grammatical arrangement of words in a sentence is called Syntax.*

APPOSITION.

188. When one noun is used to explain another, it is in the same case as the noun it explains, and is said to be in apposition to it:

William the Conqueror, Peter the Hermit.

189. An Infinitive phrase or a clause may be in apposition to a noun:

*

Oh let us still the secret joy partake,
To follow virtue e'en for virtue's sake.

In the serene expression of her face he read the
divine beatitude, Blessed are the pure in heart.

Although in modern English the inflexional endings marking gender, number, case, mood, and person have usually disappeared, the grammatical connexion between the words of a sentence still exists, is marked by other expedients, and should be explained.

ELLIPSIS.

190. Words necessary to complete the grammatical structure of a sentence are sometimes omitted. This omission is termed Ellipsis:

Wellington was buried in St. Paul's (Cathedral).
I was yesterday to dine at the Duchess of Piccadilly's
(house).

1.

EXERCISE 27.

Point out the nouns in apposition :

a. At the instigation of the haughty Vizier, Mustafa, the Turks undertook the siege of Venice, the Queen of the Adriatic.

b. Hope, the best comfort of our imperfect condition, was not denied to the Roman slave.

c. Virtue, the strength and beauty of the soul, is the best gift of Heaven.

d. Come! let the burial rite be read, the funeral song be

sung:

An anthem for the queenliest dead that ever died so

young

A dirge for her, the doubly dead, in that she died so young.

2. Supply the Ellipsis in each of the following :

a. Danger and Delight grow both upon one stalk; the Rose and the Canker in one bud.

b. She sent to Mudie's for the new poem.

c. There was a funeral sermon at St. Michael's.

d. Near St. Paul's the fire raged with great fury.

NOUN.

Nominative or Subject.

191. The Subject of a verb, i.e. the source of the action, is in the Nominative case:

Now the hungry lion roars,
And the wolf behowls the moon.

The way was long, the wind was cold,
The minstrel was infirm and old.

When a noun is the complement to an intransitive or passive verb, as it describes the Subject, it is in the nominative case:

Your children shall be kings.

192. The Subject is frequently an Infinitive or an Infinitive phrase, and sometimes a clause, which is then called a Subjective clause :/

To err is human; to forgive, divine.

To spend a holiday in the country is pleasant.
Where he came from is unknown.

193. When the Subject Infinitive or clause stands after the verb, it is represented by the pronoun it:

It is human-to err; it is divine-to forgive.
It is pleasant to spend a holiday in the country.
It is unknown-where he came from.

194. When a clause is the Subject of a verb,