the vulgar faithless and crafty, but the superior part of the nation abounds in the noblest and best of men. :

The Dutchman is tranquil, patient, confined, and appears to will nothing. His walk and eye are long silent, and an hour of his company will scarcely produce a thought. He is little troubled by the tide of passions, and he will contemplate unmoved the parading streamers of all nations sailing before his eyes. Quiet and competence are his gods; therefore those arts alone which can procure these blessings, employ his faculties. His laws, political and commercial, have originated in that spirit of security which maintains him in the possession of what he has gained. He is tolerant in all that relates to opinion, if he be but left peaceably to enjoy his property, and to assemble at the meeting-house of his sect. The character of the ant is so applicable to the Dutch, that to this literature itself conforms in Holland. All poetical powers, exerted in great works or small, are foreign to this nation. They endure pleasure from the perusal of poetry, but produce none. I speak of the United Provinces, and not of the Flemings, whose jovial character is in the midway between the Italian and French. A high forehead, half-open eyes, full nose, hanging cheeks, wide open mouth, fleshy lips, broad chin and large ears, I believe to be characteristic of the Dutchman.

A German thinks it disgraceful not to know every thing, and dreads nothing so much as to

be thought a fool. Probity often makes him appear a blockhead. Of nothing is he so proud as of honest moral understanding. According to modern tactics, he is certainly the best soldier, and the teacher of all Europe. He is allowed to be the greatest inventor, and often with so little ostentation, that foreigners have, for centuries, unknown to him, robbed him of his glory. From the age of Tacitus, a willing dependant, he has exerted faculties for the service of his masters, which others only exert for freedom and property. His countenance does not, like a painting in fresco, speak at a distance; but he must be sought and studied. His good nature and benevolence are often concealed under apparent moroseness, and a third person is always necessary to draw off the veil, and shew him as he is. He is difficult to move, and, without the aid of old wine, is silent. He does not suspect his own worth, and wonders when it is discovered by others. Fidelity, industry, and secrecy, are his principal characteristics. Not having wit, he indulges his sensibility. Moral good is the colouring which he requires in all acts. His epic and lyric spirit walk in unfrequented paths. Hence his great, and frequently gigantic sense, which seldom permits him the clear aspect of enthusiasm, or the glow of splendour. Moderate in the use of this world's delights, he has little propensity to sensuality and extravagance; but he is therefore formal, and less social than his neighbour,

CHAP. XXII.

Description of Plate IV.

Number 1.

WE may certainly call noses arched and pointed like this, witty; but the wit is restrained and moderated by the acute understanding of the forehead, the sincere religion of the eye, and the phlegm of the chin.

Number 2.

The descent from the nose to the lips in the phlegmatic countenance is unphlegmatic, and heterogeneous: nor does the curvature of the upper eyelid sufficiently agree with the temperament. The outlines of the phlegmatic are relaxed, obtuse, and hanging; the outline of the eye, oblique. Be it understood, there are other tokens, and that all phlegmatic persons have not these signs, although whoever has them is certainly phlegmatic. If the projecting under lip, which is itself a sign of phlegm, since it is evidently a superabundance and not a want of matter, be angular, and sharply delineated, then it is a sign of choleric phlegm; that is to say, of the ebulition of humidity. If it be flexible, obtuse, powerless, and drooping, it is then pure phlegm. The forehead, nose, chin, and hair, are here very phlegmatic.

Number 3.

The choleric ought to have a more angularly pointed nose, and lips more sharply delineated. The character of choler is much contained in the drawing of the eyes, either when the pupil projects, and much of the under part of the white is visible, or when the upper eyelid retreats, so that it scarcely can be perceived; when the eyes open, or when the eye is sunken, and the outlines are very definite and firm, without much curvature. In this example, the forehead, eyebrows, nose, chin, and hair, are very choleric; but the upper part of the countenance more so than the under.

Number 4.

The sanguine needs but little correction, except that the nose ought to be a little farther from the mouth, and the eye not so choleric. The levity of the sanguine temperament waves, flutters upon the lip, which, however, at the bottom, is too phlegmatic.

Number 5.

There ought to be a deeper cavity above the nose, and also of the jaw-bone, beside the ear, in this melancholic countenance. I have observed, in many melancholic persons, that the nose declines towards the lips, nor have I seen this in any who were not sometimes inclined to the melancholic, who likewise have projecting

under lips, and small, but not very round, nor very fleshy chins.

There are melancholy persons with very sanguine temperaments; men of fine irritability, and moral feelings, who are hurried into vices which they deeply abhor, and which they have not the power to withstand. The gloomy and dispirited character of such is perceptible in the eye that shuns examination, and the wrinkles of the forehead standing opposite to each other." Persons of a real melancholic temperament ge-. nerally have their mouths shut, but the lips are always somewhat open in the middle. Many melancholy persons have small nostrils, and seldom well arranged, clean, white teeth.

Number 6.

Strength and ardour, enterprise, courage, contempt of danger, fortitude of the irritated and irritable. This strength is rather oppressive than patient and enduring; it proclaims its own qualities, respectable in a state of rest, terrible when roused.

CHAP. XXIII.

Resemblance between Parents and Children.

THE resemblance between parents and children is very commonly remarkable. Family physiognomy is as undeniable as national. To doubt