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went to bed, he boafted of having eaten a pound of beef fteaks for his fupper. His diforder was a dropfy in his breast † (the fame that killed Mr. Pope); and his corpfe was interred at Chiswick, where an elegant Maufoleum is erected to his memory, with a poetical infcription, written by his friend Mr. Garrick.'

The narrative of Hogarth's life, is fucceeded by a Catalogue of. his Prints,' arranged in chronological order. We have already mentioned the moft confiderable.

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The laft of Hogarth's prints, publifhed in the year 1764, are the following, 1. FINIS, or the Tail-piece. The Bathos, or Manner of finking in fublime Painting, infcribed to the dealers in dark pictures., TIME breathing out his laft; a ruinous Tower; and many other allegorical devices; among the reft he hath introduced his own "Times." 2. The fleeping Judges, with the heads after L. da Vinci. 3. The Bench. The preceding plate with alterations. 4. His own portrait, fitting and painting the Mufe of Comedy.

Several engravings from Hogarth's defigns, were published after his death; particularly, "Hell-Gate, Satan, Sin, and Death." Milton's Paradife Loft, B. II. It was engraved by C. Townley. The plate was afterwards deftroyed; and only three of the impreffions remain. Mr. Garrick poffeffed the unfinished original. The united labours, fays our ingenious Biographer, of Teniers, Heemfkirk, and Callot, could not have furnished a more abfolute burlefque of this noble fubject than Hogarth, who went ferioufly to work on it, hath here produced. "How art thou fallen, O Lucifer, thou fon of the Morning !". will be the exclamation of every obferver on feeing this unaccountable performance, in which Satan and Death have loft their terrors, and Sin herself is divefted of all the powers of temptation.'

The character of Hogarth as an engraver and a painter of life and manners is here drawn with equal judgment and impar tiality.

The merits of Hogarth, as an Engraver, are inconfiderable. His hand was faithful to character, but had little acquaintance with the power of light and fhade. In fome of his early prints he was an affiduous imitator of Callot, but deviated at laft into a manner of his own, which fuffers much by a comparison with that of his coadjutors, Ravenet and Sullivan. In the pieces finished by thefe matters of their art, there is a perfpicuity that Hogarth could never reach. His ftrokes fometimes look as if fortuitoufly difpofed, and fometimes confufedly thwart each other in almost every poflible direction. What he wanted in skild, he drove to make up in labour; but the refult of it was a univerfal haze, and indiftincnefs, that, by excluding force and tranfparency, has rendered feveral of his larger plates lefs capti

*Mifinformation. He only eat an egg or fome fuch trifle. R. It was an aneurifm. R.

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vating than they would have been, had he entrusted the fole execution of them to either of the artists already mentioned.'. . . But, furely, of all the fraternity, whether ancient or modern, he bent the keenelt eye on the follies and vices of mankind: and expreffed them with a degree of variety and force, which it would be vain to feek among the fatiric compofitions of any other painters. In short, what is obferved by Hamlet concerning a player's office, may, with fome few exceptions, be applied to the defigns of Hogarth: "Their end, both at the first and now, was and is, to hold as 'twere the mirror up to Nature, to fhew Virtue her own feature, Scorn her own image, and the very Age and Body of the Time his form and preffure."

In thefe Biographical Anecdotes,' Mr. Nichols hath illuftrated several striking circumftances alluded to in the prints of Hogarth, and corrected fome errors of Mr. Trufler, who was employed, to the great prejudice of Mrs. Hogarth, to explain the feveral prints, as they were publifhed in a fmall compass, in a work called "Hogarth moralifed." See Review, Vol. xxxv. p. 239.

In the 1ft plate of the Harlot's Progrefs, is a portrait of the notoricus Francis Chartres, Mother Needham, a procurefs, called by Pope, "Pious Needham ;" and a pimp, whom Chartres allo kept about his perfon. In Plate 6th, the woman seated next the clergyman was defigned for Elizabeth Adams, who, at the age of 30, was executed for a robbery, Sept. 30, 1737.

In "Midnight modern Converfation," the divine was meant for Parfon Ford, and the Lawyer for Henley [Lord Chancellor Northington], when young.

The preacher in the "Sleeping Congregation," was defigned to reprefent Dr. Defaguliers.

The Lady adoring the Italian Singer, in Plate IV. of "Marriage à la Mode," was defigned for Mrs. Lane (afterwards Lady Bingley). The Gentleman afleep, in the fame plate, was meant for her husband, Mr. Fox Lane So fays our Author; but it is a miflake. Neither Mr. nor Mrs. Lane, nor any other particu Jar perfon, was meant..

We have thus given the curious Reader a tafte, and only a talle, of what he may expect from the perufal of the narrative itself, which, notwithstanding a few miftakes wherein the Writer muft have been mifled by wrong information, may be regarded as a proof of the united diligence, good fenfe, and ingenuity of the Author.

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ART.

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ART. XIII. An Examination of Thelyphthora, on the Subject of Mar riage. By John Palmer, late of Macclesfield, Svo. Johnson. 1781.

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NE grand object of Thelyphthora is to vacate the neceffity of marriage ceremonies We observed in the very origin of the controverfy, that Mr. Madan's reafonings on this fubject were fallacious, even on the ground on which he pretended to reft his argument. Mr. Palmer hath gone over the ground which we first chofe in our attack on Thelyphthora: and hath adduced fresh proofs in fupport of our polition-" that fomething, befides the bare act of union, was ever efteemed neceflary, under every divine difpenfation of religion, as well as among all civilized nations of every age, to conftitute a legal and an honourable marriage." To the proofs already advanced, Mr. Palmer hath added the following, which he fcruples not to call 'decifive.' My authority (fays he) is no other, than the teftimony of the holy Jefus, who fpake the words of truth. See Matth. xxiv. 38. For as in the days that were before the Flood, they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day that Noe entered into the Ark, &c." See alfo, Luke xvii. 26, 27. "And as it was in the days of Noe, fo fhall it be alfo in the days of the Son of Man. They did eat, they drank, they married wives, they were given in marriage until the day that Noe entered into the Ark."

Here is no room for evafion. Marrying, giving or being given in marriage, are words abfolutely defcriptive of fome ceremony previous to perfonal union, though most probably not of the whole matrimonial form. And as the above texts do fully fhew fome form to have been obferved" until the day that Noe entered into the Ark," fo they alfo fhew, that fome ceremony was used even to the very end of the Jewish State: "So fhall it also be in the days of the Son of Man." And as our Author would do well to notice, if these words refer alfo, as they moft probably do, to the day of the diffolution of this world, they may teach him fome modefty, and give him to understand, that he is not only fighting against God, but that his defeat is certain; for in the days of the Son of Man they fhall marry, give and be given in marriage. The form ftill continues among the Jews in their difperfion. From the Jews the Chriftians received their forms, in feveral refpects the fame. But he that would teach the fexes to copulate like brutes, may be affured that the pious and virtuous, the friends of man and lovers of God, will ever hold his doctrine in deteftation; and either pity him as a weak man, or abhor him as a bad citizen!'

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Mr. Palmer obferves, from the learned Grotius's Annotations on Matth. xxv. 1. that amongst the laudable customs which the Jews received from the Fathers, this was one; to celebrate marriage not in a private but in a public manner; in an affembly of the pious : and that it was accompanied μέλ' ευλογίας with a prayer of bleffing, the form of which ftill remains in their rituals, which the ancient Chriftians imitated, as well as feveral other Jewish practices." In a note, Mr. Palmer faysIf any gentleman, Jew or Chriftian, will oblige me with a copy of the Euλoysa, it will be efteemed a favour, and fhall be prefented to the public, if I have occafion to write again on this fubject. The Euλoyia is too long for us to tranfcribe; but if Mr. Palmer will turn to Book II. Chapter 12th of Selden's Uxor Ebraica, he will find it in the original Hebrew, as it ftands in the Talmud, together with a Latin tranflation. Mr. Selden entitles the chapter BENEDICTIO deductioni in Thalamum atque ipfis Nuptiis PRAVIA. These benedictions were common with the Jews on folemn and even convivial occafions. A curious one refpecting the latter is extracted from the Targum of Onkelos, and published by Paul Fagius in his Annotations on Deut. viii.; and also by Zepper, in a work entitled Legum Mofaicarum ferenfiam Explanatio. [Edit. Herborn. Nafov. 1614.] Vid. Lib. iv. Cap. 21. This latter Author hath a paffage exactly correfponding with the above, from Grotius. Qui conjugium legitimum inituri funt angelorum et hominum ecclefiâ tefte, non tam ex parentum, quam Dei ipfius, patris noftri cœleftis, per minifiri fui os loquentis, manu conjuges, tanquam preciofum Dei denum, accipiant Hinc orationes illæ, benedictiones et apprecationes faufta piorum Veteris Teftamenti, in nuptiarum fuarum feftivitatibus; quæ quocunque tandem habita fuerint loco, publicæ tamen femper et ecclefiaftica, fuerunt. Eftque confecrationum harum et benedictionum matrimonialium publicarum frequens apud patres et fcriptores ecclefiafticos mentio. It is evident, beyond all difpute, that the earlieft Fathers of the Chriftian Church confidered marriage as fomething more than Mr. Madan's "fimple act:" and their concurrent teftimony to a plain fact muft weigh with every confiderate and unprejudiced mind. But there is no reasoning on this ground to any good purpose with Ochinus, Lyferus, John of Leyden, or Mr. Madan, who, boldly rejecting all authorities however venerable, and all teftimonies however numerous, and however correfpondent, that fquare not with their figments, vainly and infolently exclaim- We are the men, and wildom will die with us.'

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FOREIGN LITERATURE.

FRANCE.

ART. I.

TOYAGE dans les Mers de l'Inde, fait par ordre du Roi, &c. i. e. An Account of a Voyage in the Indian Seas, by the King's Order, on Occafion of the Paffage of Venus over the Sun's Difk, June 6, 1761, and June 3, 1769: By M. LE GENTIL, Member of the Royal Academy of Sciences. Vol. II. 4to. 844 Pages, with 27 Plates. Price 14 Livres.-13 S. Paris. 1781.

In our appendix to the LXII volume of the Review, we gave an account of the first volume of this learned and entertaining work. This fecond volume, the publication of which was retarded by fome incident, contains feveral new and interefting details, relative to the Philippine Islands, and to the ifles of France, Bourbon, and Madagascar. The Author's long refidence at Manilla, and his connexions with the principal inhabitants of that city, furnished him with ample information concerning the natural, moral, and political hiftory of the Phillippines, which the Spaniards have taken the utmost pains to conceal from the knowledge of the other European nations. As these islands were a gracious prefent made by the Pope to the King of Spain, the monaftic orders fwarm in the country, and exercife over the inhabitants the moft defpotic authority. They have learned the languages of the different nations which people that vaft Archipelago, at the fame time keeping them in an entire ignorance of the Spanish tongue; a circumstance which does not a little contribute to maintain their influence and dominion.

Our Author's account of the volcanos of these islands is curious, and his defcription of their fertility, riches, and temperature, is most inviting. The beat of this country is tempered by a high degree of moisture, which is not unhealthy; the foil is refreshed by rivers and ftreams, which crown it with a perpetual verdure, and no feafon, but the fpring, is known in thefe happy iflands. The air is embalmed with the most exquisite perfumes; the trees bend with the most delicious fruits; their feas, lakes, and rivers, abound with excellent fish; their woods and mountains are full of game; capons, venifon, and pullets, are the common and abundant food of the multitude, and the difeafes, and phyficians that afflict humanity, in the greatest part of Europe, are unknown to thefe iflanders.-They have, however, the 'monks among them, about them, and over them. Nihil eft ab omni parte beatum. There must be compenfations every where in this globe.

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