the Damam (Athamania) and those of Cahun (Chaonia), the latter now comparatively an insignificant people, made a far more important appearance on the map of Greece, than the then slender tribe of the Ophienses or Afghans.

I shall now rapidly bring this geographical sketch to a close; nor should I have taxed the patience of the reader to this extent, had it not been indispensable to dem onstrate irrefutably primitive Greece as being primitive India. On the "Goorkha" Hills (the "Corakos1 Mons" of Ætolia,) are the "Goorkha Calli-enses," or "GOORKHA WAR-TRIBES;" to their south the "Hyan-tes," or "Land of the Hyas," who are situated along the banks of the "E-Venus," so called from its having been a settlement of the Hya Brahmins. The Coureetes,5 or "people of the Land of the Coree," those founders of "C're-ta," and nurses of Zeus, are, in accordance with the sea-faring habits of their old country, situated near the southern shore of Ætolia. There is one characteristic of Indian society stamped irrevocably and unmistakeably upon the map of Greece, viz, the distinct provinces which are dotted over its surface. This separation it was that produced the civil wars, and ultimately the ruin of Greece. This it was, which, under the form of the Heptarchy, proved the weakness of England; and this it is, which with the same narrow feeling of a puny nationality, is still desired for Great Britain by the ignorant or the ambitious, as the best mode of forming an "United Kingdom." The same system was evident in the Indo-Saurian settlements of Palestine, where the children of Israel found the numerous tribes of the Hivite, Amorite, Perizzite, Jebusite, and many

1 The genitive of Corax is given, as showing the source of the term. 2 From Call, war.

3 Hyan, plural of Hya, and des (lit), land.

4 E-Venus is Hi-vena,—Vena, Brahma. See "E-phura, E-pirus;" "Hi-pur, Hi-pairos." "E-Bud-es" (He-Bud-des).

4 Couretes, a derivative form of Coree; Gr. form Koupǹres,-Eng. Curates.

others, exactly analogous to the habits of these same Indians, whether under the name of Britons, Sachas, or Saca-soos (Saxons). "The whole of India," writes Colonel Wilks, "is nothing more than one vast congeries of such republics. The inhabitants, ever in war, are dependent upon their respective Potails, who are at the same time magistrates, collectors, and principal farmers. They trouble themselves very little about the fall and dismemberment of empires; and provided the township with its limits, which are exactly marked out by a boundary line, remain intact, it is a matter of perfect indifference to them who becomes sovereign of the country."

1 Sketches of the South of India, vol. i. p. 117.

160

XIII.

THE HELIADÆ.

"Fountain Op Light! that from thy golden urn
Shedst the bright streams that flood the circling year,
Or glow'st within yon living gems that burn
Throughout the blue of Glory's hallowed sphere;
As is the voice of many waters," thine

Hymns a Sire's might from an eternal shrine !"—E. P.

The same tendency to an adoration of the visible powers of nature, which debased humanity; from the worshipper of the sun, to the worshipper of the Vicar-gods of the east and the west; very early gave a distinctive title to the hierarchies of the " Solar" and the " Lunar" race, a title applied to the primeval inhabitants of the world, and derived from their specific worship of the Sun and the Moon. These titles became the distinctive appellations of two vast sections of the human family. When, therefore, we read of ancient tribes, represented as "Children Of The Sun," or "Children Of The Moon," we shall by no means consider such appellations as mythological, but as the correct and precise designation of these primitive idolators. This distinction will have its full weight in the venerable annals of the Apian Land, and of Egypt and Rome, and Peru. In Bharata Versha, or India, agreeably to this practice, the two great dynasties of the land, were divided into the Surya Vansa, or Solar dynasty, and the Chandra Vansa, or Lunar dynasty. The former were the earliest settlers in Greece; and the religious exponents of

1 Rev., chap. i. v. 15.

IRAN AND TOORAN.

161

this people appear to have been the Dodan, or Brahminical priests of the great tribe, Doda.

The earliest records we possess of the Brahminical worship, or, indeed, of the Brahminical literature, are those Vedas1 which consist of invocations to the Sun, the Moon, the winds, and the most obvious agents of nature. These are exempt from the puerile interpolations which disfigure the Puranas.

A time came, however, when the Lunar Race (of which Bud'ha was considered the great head), adopted the worship of the One God. This change was followed by centuries of religious warfare, in which the hostile races of the Surya Vansa and the Chandra Vansa were the mighty champions. The same errors of record which have disfigured the annals of primeval Greece, have not spared those of Asiatic countries. Thus we are told in the ancient chronicles of Persia, of the long wars which raged between "Iran and Turan," without our obtaining thereby any just idea of the distinctive religion of these embittered foes. A correct interpretation of these important names, received by Persians of the present day as Persian—just as the Greeks of antiquity conceived Sanscrit vocables to be Greek—will give an insight into fact as the foundation of fable. Aira, the name of Pururavas, the son of Bud'ha, the great Bud'hist patriarch, was so denominated from "Ira," the wife of Bud'ha, chief of the Lunar race. Hence the plural form, "Airan," the people of Bud'ha and their land, "Iran and Irania."

Their opponents were the Turan, a corrupt form of Suran. Sura, the "Sun," Suran, the "Suns, or Sun Tribes."

Here, then, we have a distinct view of the respective

1 See the Reg. Veda Sanhita, translated by Professor Wilson.
2 More commonly written Aila; "l" and "r" are commutable.

champions of, and the causes for, a furious and protracted

contest.

These foes of the Airanians, or Bud'hists, are mentioned under the designation of Diws, the Deus of the Romans, and the Devas of the Sanscrit. Thus, at length, we obtain the definition of the term. The Devas are ВRAHMINS, for such is the ordinary acceptation of the title; hence, such too, is the signification of the term "Diu."' Further, to prove that this long conflict, noticed by Ferdousi, is between these rival sects, another error of the same author is sufficient; for even an error, submitted to a patient enquirer, will often prove a most valuable authority. The "Diw Sufeed," with whom the heroic Rustam fights long in a doubtful contest, is the "Diw Su-ved," or "The High Caste Brahminical Vedantist." It is thus, that sounds and forms are transmitted for centuries, when all idea of their true signification has long been swallowed up by time.

So, also, when Mohsan talks of the work "Timsar Dasater," or the "Venerable Desatir," he means Timsar "Das-sootra," or the Ten Sootras.

I would now take a rapid survey of the vast "Tribes of the Sun," whose influence and religious practices very early penetrated to the remotest regions. In a general point of view, we may look upon Oude, as having been the first great and ancient focus of the region of the Children of the Sun, of whom Rama was the patriarch. The prevalence of the Solar tribes in Egypt, Palestine, Peru, and Rome, will be evident in the course of the following rapid survey, for it will be impossible to do more than give a sketch of this widely spread people. In Egypt, where they are found to hold the chief sway, the religious system was so far tolerant, as freely to permit of

1 Dio, Deo, Diu, Dyu, Diw, Dew, Deva, Deu, Do, are but various forms .of the same words.