spirit; far otherwise; for the excellent manual above noticed will always deservedly maintain its high position, as the exponent of what Greeks thought, and wrote upon, and believed in. The true history, however, lying beneath these ingenious reveries of the Hellenic world, will, however, most assuredly no longer be concealed. But, to return to the Catti, as described by Col. Tod, "The arms of the Catti consist of a sword, shield, and spear." And now for the origin of the partially equine figure of the Centaur. "They are all horsemen, and are wonderfully particular in the breed of that animal. Mares are usually preferred. A Catti's mare is one of his family; she lives under the same roof, by which means she is familiarised, and is obedient to his voice in all situations. A Catti is seldom seen but walking and galloping his beast. He is so averse to walk on foot, that he rides to the field where he means to labour, and is prepared either to join a plundering party, or resist attack. The Cattis originally inhabited the country on the borders of the river Indus, and their migration thence can be traced, by tradition, with tolerable accuracy. They acknowledged no law but the sword; and no employment so honourable as a life of plunder. A Catti could collect, in the short period of three days, seven or eight hundred cavalry of his own caste, capable of undertaking the most hazardous and fatiguing expeditions; and their attachment to a roving life and habits of plunder was such, that no danger, however great, could overcome what might be considered as inherent in their disposition." Now, observe the singular harmony of the Catti and Centaur customs of carrying off the women of their respective neighbourhoods. "A Catti to become a husband must become a ravisher: he must attack, with his friends and followers, the village where his betrothed resides, and carry her off by force. In

1

1 Coleman's Hind. Myth. p. 280.

THE BHATS AND CHARONS.

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ancient times this was no less a trial of strength than of courage: stones and clubs were used, without reserve, both to force and repel; and the disappointed lover was not unfrequently compelled to retire, covered with bruises, and wait for a more favourable occasion." Remark, again, the position and mirror-like reflection in the name and characteristics of Cheiron and Charon. "A Catti will do nothing without consulting his wife, and a Charon, and he is in general guided by their advice. The most barbarous Coolies, Cattis or Rajpoots, hold sacred the persons of the Charons. The Bhats are the Bards of the Rajpoot and Catti: they keep the genealogical table, or Vunah Wallah' of the family, and repeat their praises. Their duty is hereditary, for which they have gifts of lands, and other privileges. The Bhats are more immediately with the Rajpoots, and the Charons with the Cattis." Such was the position of Cheiron, with respect to Achilles, the "Dolapos," or "Chief of Dola." The same sacred regard for the person and the presence of the Charon was shown in the case of Cheiron. The reader will recollect that the Centaurs when defeated by Heri-cul-es,4 fled for safely to Cheiron, hoping that the hero would desist in his presence. Such then was the influence and sacred character of the "PEER THEIOS," (pnp clos), or "Holy Saint"—such the barbarous marriage customs of the Centauroi and Cand-Haroi, and such continued the equestrian fame of the Cattis of the Punjab, and of Thessaly. Hence sprang the noble stock of that splendid cavalry that earned such brilliant renown in the campaigns of Epaminondas. I will now show the actual presence of the Catti in Hellas. He is to be found in a position

1 Bardus, the Latin form, is merely a corruption for Bhat-us.

2 Coleman's Myth. 283.

3 Vide the position of Dola in the Punjab and in Eastern Thessaly.

4 "Heracles," the Greek form, is a singularly clipping style; as usual the short "oo" is cut out. The Roman forms are generally purer.

2

which will indicate the correctness of my previous remarks. The reader is already aware of the transfer of the people of the Behoot, i. e. "Baihooti," in the Punjab, to Boeotia, "Boiotia," in Hellas. Let him remember that the former country of streams, was the very cradle of these Catti, of whom we have been speaking. Now will he see them again in Boeotia—they are the Cathæ-Ran,1 or Cathi-chiefs of Mt. Cithæ-ron. There is also another important settlement of this people, in Thessaly, contiguous to the scene of their respective conflicts: it is Su-Catt-'vusa (S 'Catt' 'usa), written by the Greeks, "S 'Cot-ussa," "Great Catti' town." In Hesiod's "History of Greece," this tribe will be found to play an important part, under the politic management of the great Jaina, pontiff of Olympus. One more settlement I shall point out, in the vicinity of " Xynias Lake," or "Cashmir Lake," a little to the north of the "Othrys,"—it is that of the "Catti-men," appearing as "C'Ti-mena" on the map of Greece. The Catti are thus again brought into connection with the Dolopians, or Dola-Chiefs, and the Othrys or Himalayans, and the Xynians or Cashmirians. Again is Teebhee (Thebæ), one of their prime towns: the chief river bears the name of these Aswa-Chiefs, or Aso-pos (Aswapos)-and they are settled in the immediate neighbourhood of Mount Parnes, i. e. the Parnes Of

1 San, plural of Rao, a king or chief. (See Rule xv. Appendix). Catti, written also Cathei, Cathai, (the Lat. Cathæ,) is the regular derivative from Cathi. Arrian has the name Cathir. The Persian plural will be "Cathiran."

2 Su (ev), well, or "High Caste," Catti and Vusi, "a dwelling." See rule for ethclipsis of the Sanscrit "oo" or "u." (Rule i. Appendix.)

3 See chapter so named.

4 Maim and Menu is as plain in English as in Sanscrit, being the comprehensive term for man. Man-u was the great legislator and saint, the son of Brahma, and thus the ancestor and prænomen of "Man."

5 Aswa, a horse; and Pos, a chief. The short vowels à ě o й have but one power, and the visargah of the Sanscrit is the terminative "s" of the Greek and Latin.

ATTICA, or the Attac-Bar'nes. The Attac to this day retains the ancient name of Attac Baranes, showing its ancient connection with the holy city of Benares. Hence the "Mount Parnes," in Attica, as a boundary between that province and Boeotia.1 Of this the reader will be satisfied, by a reference to the old settlements of Attica and Boeotia, in the Punjab.

Attac and Behoot.

M

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XI.

DODONA AND THE HYPERBOREANS.

"And the Sons of JAVAN; ELISHAH, and Tarshish, Kittim, and Donanim." Genesis, x. 4.

Placed in a position nearly to intersect the Canalovian Mountains at right angles, are the tribes of the River Yelum, or Hydaspes―Y'ELUMYO-DES (ELUMIO-TIS) '; immediately in the neighbourhood of which country is to be found the celebrated oracle of Dodona. I trust that I shall be enabled to make the history of this far-famed shrine perfectly distinct; and that having already reached the fountain head of the primitive Indo-European emigrations, this mysterious oracle will no longer resist rational research, based upon a sound geographical foundation. I must beg the reader to bear in mind the distinct assertion which I have already made, of the National Unity of Egyptian, Greek, and Indian. This fact distinctly recognised, and surveyed without prejudice, even so far as to accept Hellenic authorities, when. speaking of the colonisations from Egypt and Phoenicia, will prepare the mind for the reception of much valuable, but often rejected history. It is not by passing an arbitrary sentence upon the correctness either of logographer, poet, or historian, that truth is to be elicited. It is not by a balancing of possibilities, or by the assumptive theory of Greek invention, that a true knowledge of the past is

1 Yelumyu-des, the land of the Yelum.