23 And I will put a division [Heb., a re- |(quod plene scribitur, Ps. cxi. 9; demption] between my people and thy cxxx. 7), exponit distinctionem, et similiter people to-morrow [or, by to-morrow] shall this sign be. Ged. But I will, on that day, so distinguish the land of Goshen in which my own people dwell that not a beetle shall be there; to the end thou mayest know, that I, the Lord, am in the midst of the land, and make a distinction between my own people and thy people. To-morrow shall this sign happen. After the 23d verse, Ken., Ged., and Booth. supply from the Sam., “And Moses and Aaron went in unto Pharaoh, and said to him, Let [Sam., Ged., Thus saith the Lord, Let, &c.] my people go, that they may serve me. But if thou wilt not let my people go, behold, I will send a swarm of beetles upon thee and upon thy servants, and upon thy people, and into thy houses ; and the houses of the Egyptians shall be full of beetles, and also the ground whereon they stand. And I will separate, in that day, the land of Goshen, in which my people dwell, that not a beetle shall be there; to the end thou mayest know that I am Jehovah in the midst of the earth; And I will make a division between my people and thy people. To-morrow shall this sign be." Gesen. considers this an interpolation. See notes on vii. 18 and xi. Rosen. Et separabo in die illo terram Gosen, in qua populus meus stat, habitat, ut non sit ibi cynomyia. (a) separabo, s. distinguam, i.e., faciam, ut terra Gosen ea plaga immunis sit. Ita et ix. 4. At LXX, Taρadoέáow tǹv yŷv Teoèμ, quod Hieronymus faciamque mirabilem in die illa terram Gosen vertit. Hi interpretes retulerunt ad, quæ etsi proprie non differat a, tamen in Hiphil adhiberi solet significatu mirabile faciendi. LXX, diaorodny, eosque sequutus Hie- yan ἐποίησε δὲ κύριος οὕτως. καὶ παρεγένετο ἡ κυνόμυια πλῆθος εἰς τοὺς οἴκους Φαραὼ, καὶ εἰς τοὺς οἴκους τῶν θεραπόντων αὐτοῦ, καὶ εἰς πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν Αἰγύπτου. καὶ ἐξωλοθρεύθη ἡ yŷ ảnò Tîs kuvoμvíns. Au. Ver.-24 And the LORD did so; and there came a grievous swarm of flies into the house of Pharaoh, and into his servants' houses, and into all the land of Egypt: the land was corrupted by reason of the swarm of flies. A grievous swarm of flies. Ged., Booth.-A very [Sam.] grievous swarm of beetles. The land was corrupted, &c. Ged., Booth. So that [Sam., LXX, Syr., Vulg.] the land was ravaged by the beetles. Pool. A grievous swarm of flies; Heb., a heavy mixture of flies. Heavy, i.e., either great, as this Hebrew word is used, Gen. xli. 31; Isa. xxxii. 2, or mischievous and troublesome; or rather, numerous, as it is taken, Gen. L. 9; Numb. xi. 14; 1 Kings iii. 9, compared with 2 Chron. i. 10. The Ut cognoscas, me esse Jovam in medio terræ. land, i.e., either the fruits or products of Metaphora sumpta a regibus, qui sedem the land; or rather, the inhabitants of the habere solent in medio regni, ut omnibus land, as the word land is taken, Gen. xli. 36; undiquaque finibus ex æquo sint propinqui. 1 Sam. xxvii. 9: many of the people were Deus autem in medio eorum potissimum poisoned or stung to death by them, as adesse dicitur, quibus favet, ut xvii. 7; Deut. vii. 21; xxiii. 15. 19 Tex 12", Et ponam redemtionem, libera- Bp. Patrick. The land was corrupted by tionem, inter populum meum et inter populum reason of the swarm of flies.] We are to tuum. Quum id ipsum, quod Israelitæ understand here, by the land, the inhabitants liberi essent a plaga cynomyiarum, dis- of the land: whose blood these flies sucked, tingueret eos ab Ægyptiis, Aben-Esra and left such a poison in it, that their bodies appears from Psal. lxxviii. 45. See also the Book of Wisdom, chap. xvi. 9. So the tion to the Egyptians, would they not stone swelled, and many of them died. Venitque cynomyia And the Lord. Ver. 4. Ged.—And in that day [so most copies of LXX] the Lord. Au. Ver. And the LORD shall sever between the cattle of Israel and the cattle Corrumpebatur terra propter of Egypt: and there shall nothing die of all cynomyiam. Terra pro ejus incolis, qui that is the children's of Israel. gravissime illis muscis vexabantur. Sic Ps. Ixxviii. 45, misit inter eos cynomyiam, quæ eos consumsit. Sed Clericus quod hoc loco dicitur non tantum de hominum corporibus intelligendum putat, verum et, ac magis adhuc, de victibus, quos invadere solent muscæ, in iisque ova deponere, e quibus mox nascuntur vermes, quo fit, ut esculenta putiscant, et a vermibus absumantur. Ver. 25. Au. Ver.-In the land. Rosen., Ged., Booth.-In this land. Ver. 26, 27. Au. Ver. 26 And Moses said, It is not meet so to do; for we shall sacrifice the abomination of the Egyptians to the LORD our God: lo, shall we sacrifice the abomination of the Egyptians before their eyes, and will they not stone us? 27 We will go three days' journey into the wilderness, and sacrifice to the LORD our God, as he shall command us. Ged., Booth.-26 But Moses said, It is not proper to do so. For the sacrifices which we offer to the Lord [Heb., Booth., Jehovah] our God are an abomination to the Egyptians. Behold, should we, before their eyes, offer sacrifices, which are an abomina Israel. and one MS.] Israel. Egypt. LXX, Ged., Booth.-The Egyptians. Contrary to the vowel points. Ver. 5. καὶ ἔδωκεν ὁ θεὸς ὅρον, λέγων. ἐν τῇ αὔριον Tonσel Kúpios tò pîμa tovto èñì tŷs yŷs. Au. Ver.-5 And the LORD appointed a set time, saying, To-morrow the LORD shall do this thing in the land. Ged., Booth.-The Lord [Heb., Booth., Jehovah] hath also appointed the time saying, To-morrow will the Lord [Heb., Booth., Jehovah] do this thing in the land. After this verse, Ken., Ged., and Booth. supply from the Sam. Pent., "And Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh, and said to him, Thus saith Jehovah, Let my people go, that they may serve me. For if thou refuse to let them go, and wilt still detain them, behold the hand of Jehovah shall be upon thy cattle which are in the field. But our interpreters take it otherwise, and Among the horses, and among the asses, say that Job also was smote with boils, and among the camels, and among the which, in conclusion, perhaps, had a scab herds, and among the flocks, shall be a very that itched very much. grievous mortality. And Jehovah will disGesen.- m. a bile, ulcer, swelling, tinguish between the cattle of the Israelites Exod. ix. 9, 11; Levit. xiii. 18, 20; 2 and the cattle of the Egyptians; and there Kings xx. 7. the botch of Egypt, shall nothing die of all that belongeth to the probably the Elephantiasis, which is endemic Israelites. To-morrow will Jehovah do this in Egypt. It affects particularly the feet, thing in the land. which begin to swell, lose their flexibility, and become stiff like the feet of the elephant, whence the name of the disease. Deut. xxviii. 27, 35. It is used of the biles or Ver. 9. sores of leprosy, or of the elephantiasis, Job וְהָיָה עַל־הָאָדָם וְעַל־הַבְּהֵמָה לִשְׁחִין DiN. Plin. xxvi. § 5. (Root Arab. سخن to be καὶ γενηθήτω κονιορτὸς ἐπὶ πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν AlyúπTOV. Kai σтαι éπì тоùs аvůрúrovя, Kai hot, inflamed. Syr., to fester, to ἐπὶ τὰ τετράποδα ἕλκη φλυκτίδες αναζέουσαι suppurate.) ἔντε τοῖς ἀνθρώποις, καὶ ἐν τοῖς τετράποσι ἐν πάσῃ γῇ Αἰγύπτου. Au. Ver.-9 And it shall become small dust in all the land of Egypt, and shall be a boil breaking forth with blains upon man, and upon beast, throughout all the land of Egypt. Bp. Patrick.-It shall become small dust, &c.] Instead of these ashes, which they threw up into the air, there came down a small sleet (as we call it) like that of snow, or the hoar frost, which scalded the flesh of man and beast; and raised a blister in every part upon which it fell. nia plur. fem. Boils, ulcers, which break out on the skin, Exod. ix. 9, 10. Root Chald. vaya, to bubble up, to swell, whence in Syr. a swelling. In Hebrew the is formative, vid. p. 2, (b.) Comp. . Rosen.-Eritque in pulverem super omnem terram Egypti quid sibi velint, non satis clarum. Simplicissimum foret, ita capere: vertetur in pulverem. Sed cur non pulverem ubique obvium sumsit, quem in auras spargeret? Alii erit quasi pulvis, i.e., volitabit per aërem, ut pulvis solet a vento The poison of circumactus. Quod verius puto; videntur enim hæc verba hoc dicere: favilla non subsidebit, sed veluti flos tenuissimus pulveris huc illuc volitabit, et per totam Ægyptum diffundetur. ira, Eritque super homines et super jumenta inflammatio germinans pustulas. habet notionem שְׁחִין which, penetrating into the flesh, made sore swellings, like those we now call buboes. Insomuch that, as Philo understood it (lib. i. de Vita Mosis), they were full of blotches from head to foot. Certain it is, that the Hebrew word shechin signifies an "inflammation," that made a tumour or boil (as we caloris, ut istiusmodi ulcus significetur, quod translate the word, Lev. xiii. 18, 19), which inflammationem secum conjunctam habet, turned into such a grievous ulcer, that vel potius inflammatio, quia ulcera non tam Moses speaks of it afterwards as an unusual emittunt pustulas, quam pustulæ ulcera plague, which he calls the "botch of Egypt" creant, ex inflammatione plerumque natæ (Deut. xxviii. 27). Dr. Lightfoot, indeed, ir est a , quod Jes. lxiv. 2, efferobserves, that in the book of Job (ii. 7, 8) vescendi, intumescendi significatu reperitur. it signifies only a burning itch, or an inflamed LXX, niraya verterunt pλvкrides ȧvascab; an intolerable dry itch, which his géovora pustulæ effervescentes, neglecta nails could not scratch off, but he was glad grammatica. Sic et Vulgatus: vesicæ turto make use of a potsherd to scrub himself. gentes. Accuratius Onkelos: plenum pusBut then he confesses, that this shechin, tulis. Mox vs. 10, vocibus transpositis here spoken of, was higher than that, having blains and boils that broke out with it; which Job's had not. So that the Egyptians, he thinks, were vexed with a double punishment at once; aching boils and a fiery itch. dicitur inflammatio pustulis efflorescens. Videtur ea pustularum species denotari, de qua Celsus de Medic., v. 28, 15: Pessima pustula est, quæ éπivкTìs vocatur. Ea colore vel sublivida vel subnigra, vel alba esse consuevit. Circa hanc autem vehemens To show in thee my power, in those mighty inflammatio est, et, cum aperta est, reperitur works which have been occasioned by thy intus exulceratio mucosa, colore humori suo rebellion and obstinacy. similis. Dolor ex ea supra magnitudinem ejus est, neque enim ea fabá major est. Vers. 10, 11. Boil. See note on verse 9. Ver. 14. Au. Ver.-For I will, &c. Ver. 15, 16. Anby Bp. Patrick.-15 For now I will stretch out my hand, that I may smite thee and thy people with pestilence, &c.] I do not see how this translation can be maintained; for we do not read that God after this sent a new pestilence upon Pharaoh, and the Hebrew word deber signifies nothing else. This, therefore, must needs refer to the time past and the sense of these three verses (14-16), must be this: "I will send more plagues on thee, and on thy servants (as was threatened ver. 14), for the truth is, I had now stretched out my hand to destroy both אוֹתְךָ וְאֶת־עַמָּךְ בַּדֶּבֶר וַתִּכָּחֵד מִן־ 16 וְאוּלָם בַּעֲבוּר זאת הָאָרֶץ : not been that I reserve you for further הֶעֶמַדְתִּיךְ בַּעֲבוּר הַרְאֹתְךָ אֶת־כֹּחִי punishments: for which very cause I made וּלְמַעַן סַפַּר שְׁמִי בְּכָל־הָאָרֶץ : thee and thy people by my late pestilence, wherewith you had all been cut off, had it 15 νῦν γὰρ ἀποστείλας τὴν χεῖρα πατάξω σε, καὶ τὸν λαὸν σου θανατώσω. καὶ ἐκτρι βήσῃ ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς. 16 καὶ ἕνεκεν τούτου διετηρήθης, ἵνα ἐνδείξωμαι ἐν σοὶ τὴν ἰσχύν μου, καὶ ὅπως διαγγελῇ τὸ ὄνομά μου ἐν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ. Au. Ver.-15 For now I will stretch out my hand, that I may smite thee and thy people with pestilence; and thou shalt be cut off from the earth. 16 And in very deed for this cause have I raised thee up [Heb., made thee stand], for to shew in thee my power; and that my name may be declared throughout all the earth. Pool.-15 Pestilence; not properly so called, but largely, as the word is used Hos. xiii. 14, meaning with an utter and irrecoverable destruction. This relates partly to the killing of the first-born, which plague did more immediately and nearly concern both him and his people, and principally to their destruction in the Red Sea. thee to stand, when thou wast falling (i.e., kept thee from dying), that I might send more plagues upon thee, and make thy destruction more notorious to all the world. See Paulus Fagius, and Theod. Hackspan, and Fr. Junius also, who translate these words, "I had smitten thee and thy people with pestilence" (i.e., when he destroyed their cattle with a murrain), and then "hadst thou been cut off from the earth,' as it follows in the end of this verse; that is, when the boils broke out upon the magicians. 16 For this cause have I raised thee up.] In the Hebrew the words are, I have made thee stand; that is, preserved thee alive, when the pestilence would have cut thee off, as the murrain did thy cattle, if I had not kept thee from perishing then, that I might destroy thee in a more remarkable manner. And thus the LXX understood it, when they translated it diernphens, "thou hast been preserved," that is, from destruction. With which the apostle agrees, though he 16 Raised thee up; so the Hebrew word is doth not here follow their translation, ¿§ŋtranslated, Rom. ix. 17. I have raised yeɩpa, "I have raised thee," i.e., from the thee up out of thy first nothing, into thy foregoing sickness (Rom. ix. 17), spared being, and life, and kingdom; and thee in the midst of malignant ulcers. upheld thy being and reign even in the Ken. For now I WILL STRETCH OUT MY midst of thy tyranny. Heb., I have made hand, that I may smite thee and thy people thee to stand, i.e., to remain alive and un-with PESTILENCE. But, was a pestilence touched, when thy magicians could not one of the plagues upon Egypt? Only ten stand, ver. 11. I have preserved thee in are recorded: of which seven have been life, not for want of power to destroy thee, already enumerated; and the other three as thou mayst fancy, nor for want of pro-are lice, boils, and darkness. Was there then vocation from thee, but for mine own glory. no pestilence which cut off Pharaoh, &c.? we And, if not, how are to conceive xxix. 4, leguntur., Ut of the Divine menace, thus positively de- ostendam tibi potentiam meam. Sed LXX, nounced, yet not at all inflicted? This dif- va èvdeí¿wμai èv σoì tηv loxúv pov, Hieficulty and it is not a small one, can only (I ronymus: ut ostendam in te fortitudinem presume) be solved properly, by observing, meam. Similiter Rom. ix. 17, ὅπως ἐνδείξε that the preter verb now rendered, I wμai év σoì тηv dúvaμív pov. Ceperunt illi will stretch out, ought to be rendered here, interpretes pro i, ut interdum I MIGHT HAVE stretched out. Verily now I affixa verbis adduntur, ita ut præpositio MIGHT have stretched out my hand, and aliqua, cui affixa ista addi debeant, intellismitten thee and thy people with pestilence genda sit, quod tamen frequentius, opinor, (I might have cut you off, on a sudden by in verbis intransitivis usu venire solet, ut pestilence), but I have raised thee up (made Ps. v. 4, 2No5, non commorabitur tecum thee to stand) in order to shew (still more malus, est pro 23 NS. perfectly) my power; that my name may be declared through all the earth. See chap. xi. 9. That the circumstances of a verb, usually preter or future, may be thus qualified by might, would, should, &c., appears from hence. In Gen. xii. 19, we read , SO I MIGHT HAVE taken her. And I said, I WOULD scatter. I WOULD make to cease, lest their adversaries SHOULD behave, lest they SHOULD say. See these four futures in Deut. xxxii. 26, 27. Ver. 17, 18. w abab va bbinop giy ‘wva qTİY ἔτι οὖν σὺ ἐμποιῇ τοῦ λαοῦ μου, τοῦ μὴ anоoteíλai avtoús; Au. Ver.-17 As yet exaltest thou thyself against my people, that thou wilt not let them go? 18 Behold, to-morrow about this time, I will cause it to rain a very grievous hail, &c. Ged., Booth-17 As still thou exaltest thyself against my people, so as not to let them go; 18 Behold, to-morrow, &c. Rosen.-Adhuc tu attollis te ipsum contra Bp. Horsley.-15 "For now had I stretched out my hand, and smitten thee and thy people with pestilence, thou wouldst even have been cut off from the earth. populum meum. 16 But for this cause have I preserved thee,", hucusque subjugas, s. sub jugo retines populum meum. Jonathan: &c. Ged.-15 Even now I could stretch out my hand, and smite thee and thy people with pestilence, so that thou shouldest be cut off from the earth. 16 But I have expressly reserved thee for this purpose, that I may show thee my power, &c. Booth.-15 Yea now I could stretch out my hand, and smite thee and thy people with pestilence; so that thou shouldst be cut off from the earth. 16 And in very deed for this purpose have I preserved thee, that I may show to thee my power, &c. p tu magnifice te geris in populum meum. Verum Rosen.-15 Verba activa præterita, et, explicanda sunt de facultate agendi, ut igitur hic vs. ita vertendus sit nam nunc quidem si mittere, extendere manum meam et est potius via exaggerata, a, quod percutere voluissem te et populum tuum illa in altum extulit denotat. Unde Aben-Esra peste (de qua vs. 6), deletus esses e terra. nostrum i per nano gloriaris te, effers Sequitur enim vs. sq. ratio, cur eum servarit. te, explicavit. Particula significationem suam causalem retinet, hoc modo: nam ad probandum, nullum esse mei similem in universa terra (vs. 14), exserere potuissem manum rel. 16, 17 TATRA ANI N Verum propter hoc stare te feci, i.e., servavi te incolumem. Similes loquutiones 1 Reg. xv. 4, et Prov. Ver. 19. Au. Ver.-19 Send therefore now, and gather thy cattle, and all that thou hast in the field; for upon every man and beast which shall be found in the field, and shall not be brought home, the hail shall come down upon them, and they shall die. |