I am pleased; thou art hated. Save when they import a necessity or conveniency of doing any thing: in which case they are very eloquently joined to the infinite, the sign coming between: By the example of Herod, all princes are to take heed how they give ear to flatterers. Lidgate, lib. 1: Truth and falseness in what they have done, And here those times, which in etymology we remembered to be wanting, are set forth by the syntax of verbs joined together. The syntax of imperfect times in this manner. The presents by the infinite, and the verb, may, or can; as for amem, amarem; I may love, I might love. And again; I can love, I could love. The futures are declared by the infinite, and the verb shall, or will; as amabo, I shall or will love. Amavero addeth thereunto have, taking the nature of two divers times; that is, of the future and the time past. I shall have loved: or I will have loved. The perfect times are expressed by the verb have; as amavi, amaveram. I have loved, I had loved. Amaverim, and amavissem add might unto the former verb; as I might have loved. The infinite past, is also made by adding have; as amavisse, to have loved. Verbs passive are made of the participle past, and am the verb; amor and amabar, by the only putting to of the verb; as 8 A phrase proper unto our tongue, save that the Hebrews seem to have the former. Job xx. 23. When he is to fill his belly. amor, I am loved; Amer, and amarer have it governed of the verb may or can; as Amer, I may be loved; or I can be loved. Amarer, I might be loved, or I could be loved. CHAP. VII. OF THE SYNTAX OF ADVERBS. HIS therefore is the syntax of words, having number; there remaineth that of words without number, which standeth in adverbs or conjunctions. Adverbs are taken one for the other; that is to say, adverbs of likeness, for adverbs of time; As he spake those words, he gave up the ghost. Gower, lib. 1: Anone, as he was meek and tame, He found towards his God the same. The like is to be seen in adverbs of time and place, used in each others stead, as among the Latins and the Grecians. Nort. in Arsan. Let us not be ashamed to follow the counsel and example of our enemies, where it may do us good. Adverbs stand instead of relatives: Lidgate, lib. 1: And little worth is fairness in certain Nort. to the northern rebels: Few women storm against the marriage of priests, but such as have been priests harlots, or fain would be. Chaucer in his ballad : But great God disposeth, And maketh casual by his providence Such things as frail man purposeth. For those things, which. Certain adverbs in the syntax of a substantive and an adjective meeting together, cause a, the article, to follow the adjective. Sir John Cheek : O! with what spite was sundred so noble a body from so godly a mind. Jewel: It is too light a labour to strive for names. Thou art at ease, and hold thee well therein. Adjectives compared," when they are used adverbially, may have the article the going before. Jewel: The more enlarged is your liberty, the less cause have you to complain. Adverbs are wanting. Sir Thomas More: And how far be they off that would help, as God send grace, they hurt not; for, that they hurt not. Oftentimes they are used without any necessity, for greater vehemency sake; as, then, afterward, again, once more. The Greek article is set before the positive also: Theocrit. εἰδ. γ. Τίτυρ ̓, ἐμὶν τὸ καλὸν πεφιλαμένη. Gower: He saw also the bowes spread The kind of all birds there. Prepositions are joined with the accusative cases of pronouns. Sir Thomas More: I exhort and require you, for the love that you have born to me, and for the love that I have born to you, and for the love that our Lord beareth to us all. Gower, lib. I: For Lucifer, with them that fell, They may also be coupled with the possessives: mine, thine, ours, yours, his, hers, theirs. Nort. to the rebels: Think you her majesty, and the wisest of the realm, have no care of their own souls, that have charge both of their own and yours? These prepositions follow sometimes the nouns they are coupled with: God hath made princes their subjects guides, to direct them in the way, which they have to walk in. But ward, or wards; and toward, or towards, have the same syntax that versus and adversus have with the Latins; that is, the latter coming after the noun, which it governeth, and the other contrarily. Nort. in Paul Angel's Oration to Scanderbech: For his heart being unclean to Godward, and spiteful towards men, doth always imagine mischief. i In Greek and Latin they are coupled; some with one oblique case, some with another. The Hebrews set them always before. Lidgate, lib. 7: And south-ward runneth to Caucasus, And folk of Scythie, that bene laborious. Now as before in two articles a and the, the whole construction of the Latins was contained; so their whole rection is by prepositions near-hand declared: where the preposition of hath the force of the genitive, to of the dative; from, of, in, by, and such like of the ablative: as, the praise of God. Be thankful to God. Take the cock of the hoop. I was saved from you, by you, in your house. Prepositions matched with the participle present,' supply the place of gerunds; as in loving, of loving, by loving, with loving, from loving, &c. Prepositions do also govern adverbs.m Sent from above, as she did understand. General exceptions: divers prepositions are very often wanting, whereof it shall be sufficient to give a taste in those, that above the rest are most worthy to be noted. Of, in an adjective of partition : Lidgate, lib. 5: His lieges eche one being of one assent To live and die with him in his intent. The preposition touching, concerning, or some such like, doth often want, after the manner of the Hebrew Lamed: Gower: The privates of man's heart, They speaken, and sound in his ear, As though they loud winds were. The like nature in Greek and Hebrew have prepositions matched with the infinite, as ἐν τῷ ἀγαπᾶν. m This in Hebrew is very common: from now, that is, from this time; whence proceed those Hebraisms in the New Testament, àñò τότε, ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν, &c. |