Secondly, verbs that have ee, lose one; as Past. Par. pa. come. And here, it may besides keep its proper vowel. run. Pr. ran, or run. Par. pa. And one more, shoot, shot; in the participle past, shot, or shotten. Some pronounce the verbs by the diphthong ew, chewse, shewt; and that is Scottish-like. CHAP. XIX. OF THE THIRD CONJUGATION. HE change of diphthongs is of ay, y, aw, and ow; all which are changed into ew. This last form cometh oftener than the three former; as snow, grow, throw, blow, crow. Secondly; some verbs in ite or ide, lose e; as Likewise, hide, quíte, make hìd, quìt. So, shine, strive, thrive, change i into o in the time past; as shone, strove, throve. And as i severally frameth either e or o; so may it jointly have them both. To this kind pertain, smíte, write, bide, ríde, climb, drive, chide, stride, slide; which make smit, writ, bid, rid, climb, drive, chìd, strid, slid; or smòte, wròte, bòde, ròde, clòmb, dròve, chòd, stròd, slòd. Thirdly, i is sometimes changed into the diphthongs ay and ou; as So bind, grind, wind, fight, make bound, ground, wound, fought. Last of all, aw and ow do both make e. Such is the verb, fraught; which Chaucer, in the Man of Law's Tale: This merchants have done, freight their ships new. Exceptions of the time past. Some that are of the first conjugation only, have in the participle past, besides their own, the form of the second, and the third; as CHAP. XX. OF THE FOURTH CONJUGATION. ERBS that convey the time past for the present, by the change both of vowels and consonants, following the terminations of the first conjugation, end in d, or t. Pr. Pa. Such are these words, Pr. Pa. Fut. stand. stood. will, wilt, will. would, wouldest, would, will, will. Of the other sort are these, and such like. Pr. Pa. S feel. So creep, sleep, weep, keep, sweep, mean. Pr. Pa. teach. To this form belong think, retch, seek, reach, catch, An old English word, for which now we commonly use shall, or shawll. bring, work; and buy and owe, which make bought and ought. Pr. Pa. Pr. Pa. dare, darest, dare. durst, durst, durst. These two verbs want the other times. A general exception from the former conjugations. Certain verbs have the form of either conjugation; as hang, hanged, and hung. So cleave, shear, sting, climb, catch, &c CHAP. XXI. OF ADVERBS. HUS much shall suffice for the etymology of words that have number, both in a noun and a verb: whereof the former is but short and easy; the other longer and wrapped with a great deal more difficulty. Let us now proceed to the etymology of words without number. A word without number is that which without his principal signification noteth not any number. Whereof there be two kinds, an adverb and a conjunction. An adverb is a word without number that is joined to another word; as well learned, he fighteth valiantly, he disputeth very subtlely. So that an adverb is as it were an adjective of nouns, verbs, yea, and adverbs also themselves. |