An Introduction to Logic and Scientific Method

alternatives analogy analysis argument Aristotle arithmetic mean asserted assumptions average axioms B₁ basis behavior believed body calculus calculus of classes canon causal cause circumstances common conclusion connected consequences deductive defined definiendum definiens definition denote determined deviation discover distinct elements employed equiprobable establish Euclidean geometry evidence examine example experiment experimental expression fact factors fallacy false follows formal frequently genus geometry heads Herodotus hypothesis implies induction inquiry instances integers interpretation invariable relations J. C. Bach knowledge known l-class laws logical principles mathematics mean measure method of agreement nature non-Euclidean geometry objects observation parallel postulate phenomenon plane possible predicate premises probability of getting proof properties reader reason relevant samples scientific method sense significant specific subject matter Suppose syllogism symbols theorems theory things tion true truth universal proposition valid verifiable words Zadig