their objects are not so mischievous as their power is extensive; but when we attempt to persuade ourselves that such is the case, we are appalled by the recollection that these very men were active agents in those very blasphemous and treasonable associations whose opinions we have stated above: that the Tories of the reign of Charles II., their legitimate progenitors, did not, while they were in office, think it necessary to avow the principles on which they acted; and that the reason that the present Whigs confine themselves to practice, is because it is now only necessary for them, as it is the only office of which they are capable, to follow that track, and steer by that chart, which was laid down for them by the equally unprincipled, but infinitely more talented, individuals, in whose schools of democracy, infidelity, murder and blasphemy they were nurtured and educated. The theories of a party are produced when it is at rest, the projects are displayed when it is in action. But even if we suppose, as is indeed certainly the case, that the present leaders of the Whig party are incapable of pursuing such courses, if they perceived the full extent to which they must lead; we can derive no hope from this belief; this was equally the case at the period of the French revolution; and is, in fact, always the case to a greater or less extent, in every revolution; and as the convulsion hastens to its crisis the leaders become bourly less capable of perceiving the drift of the torrent, as they become more busily occupied in practical details and less at leisure for theoretical calculations. We shall quote the opinion of Mr. Burke on this subject, as follows "As to leaders in parties, nothing is more common than to see them blindly led; the world is governed by go-betweens. These go-betweens influence the persons with whom they carry on the intercourse, by stating their own sense to each of them as the sense of the other; and thus they reciprocally master both sides. It is first buzzed about the ears of leaders that their friends without doors are very eager for some measure or very warın about some opinion; that you must not be too rigid with themthey are useful persons, and zealous in the cause-They may be a little wrong, but the spirit of liberty must not be 'damped; and by the influence you obtain from some degree of concurrence with them at present, you may be enabled to set them right hereafter. Thus the leaders are at first drawn to a connivance with sentiments and proceedings often totally different from their serious and deliberate notions. But their acquiescence answers every purpose." The truth of this statement has been exemplified in the conduct of the present ministry with respect to the Kildareplace Education Society. The Popish priesthood being naturally and professionally hostile to, and apprehensive of, all education, from the consciousness that it must destroy their power over their flock, detested and dreaded this society, and why? because it was loved by the people. They therefore represented to the ministry that this society was very unpopular; while they threatened their flocks with all the terrors of the church if they continued to send their children to its schools. It might have been supposed, that men imagining themselves qualified to be advisers of the Crown, would have had the common sense to have seen through the motives of the Popish priesthood in making this statement; to have perceived that the hostility of the Popish clergy could not have proceeded from the dislike of their flocks to this system; but from the reverse; and to have replied," Gentlemen, we are not surprised that the Kildarestreet Society does not please you; but you must excuse us if we do not consider that as any proof that it does not please your people, or in consequence that it does not, to the fullest extent, answer the purpose for which it was designed. On the other hand, we conceive, that no system could receive your approbation, which really tended to educate the lower orders of the Roman Catholic peasantry. It is not our purpose to lend our exertions to assist you in perpetuating popery in Ireland; our desire is, to afford such a system of education to the peasantry as will enlighten and cultivate their minds, without offending their prejudices, you must therefore pardon us, if we consider your hostility to this society as the strongest proof that it is acceptable to the peasantry, and productive to the fullest extent of the advantages for which it was designed." Such would have appeared to any man unacquaint ed with the clearsighted, judicious, and enlightened policy of the present ministry, to have been the natural reply to such attacks of the Popish clergy. But far otherwise was the conduct of the government. They conceived that as there were but two religions in Ireland, there could be but two parties: they forgot that from the nature of the Romish church, there were, on the subject of education, three parties in Ireland; the Protestant population; the Romanist population; and the Popish clergy; of which the two first, that is, the whole population of the kingdom, were anxious for education, and attached to the Kildare-place society, while the third party were, and must be, hostile to all education in general, and especially apprehensive of that society, because it was particularly acceptable to their flocks. It is commonly said, however, that, "the great body of the landed proprietors must be roused at last. It is impossible that they can consent to any measure which would tend ultimately to deprive them of their estates; and when they take the alarm, all will be easily settled." We covet not the character of "parus xaxwv," but we dread nothing so much as a hollow and deceitful security. To this ground of confidence, then, we reply in the words of the same wise and almost prophetic author; "I know too, that besides this vain, contradictory, and self-destructive security, which some men derive from the habitual attachment of the people to this constitution, whilst they suffer it with a sort of sportive acquiescence to be brought into contempt before their faces, they have other grounds for removing all apprehension from their minds. They are of opinion, that there are too many men of great hereditary estates and influence in the kingdom to suffer the establishment of the levelling system which has taken place in France. This is very true, if in order to guide the power which now attends their property, these men possess the wisdom which is involved in early fear. But if, through a supine security, to which such fortunes are peculiarly liable, they neglect the use of their influence in the season of their power, on the first derangement of society, the nerves of their strength will be cut, their estates, instead of being the means of their security, will become the very causes of their danger. Instead of bestowing influence they will excite rapacity—they will be looked to as a prey. Such will be the impotent condition of those men of great hereditary estates, who indeed dislike the designs that are carried on, but whose dislike is rather that of spectators, than of parties that may be concerned in the catastrophe of the piece. But riches do not in all cases secure even an inert and passive resis tance. There are always, in that de scription, men whose fortunes, when their minds are once vitiated by passion or evil principle, are by no means a se curity from their actually taking their part against the public tranquillity. We see to what low and despicable passions of all kinds, many men in that class are ready to sacrifice the patrimonial estates, which might be perpe tuated in their families with splendour, and with the fame of hereditary bene factors to mankind from generation to generation. Do we not see how lightly people treat their fortunes when under the influence of the passion of gaming? The game of ambition or resentment will be played by many of the rich and great, as desperately, and with as much blindness to the consequen ces, as any other game. Was he a man of no rank or fortune who first set on foot the disturbances which have ruined France? Passion blinded him to the consequences so far as they con cerned himself, and as to the conse quences with regard to others, they were no part of his consideration; ever will be with those who bear any resemblance to that virtuous patriot and lover of the rights of man." пог We trust we have sufficiently proved how little claim, the modern Whigs, as they call themselves, or Tories, as they ought to be called, possess, to be considered as members of the same party, with those consistent, loyal, Protestant, and constitutional men, who brought about, and conducted to its happy termination the celebrated revolution of 1688. But we cannot dismiss this subject without calling the attention of our readers to some coincidences which attract the notice of those who com pare the period of the French revolution with the present state of affairs. The Whigs of this day profess toleration to all sorts of religion; they disclaim the slightest preference to the true over the false; and assert that all 1800.] Ancient Whigs and Modern Tories. 511 gards our laws. Uniformity and analogy can be preserved in them by this process only. That point being fixed, and laying fast hold of a strong bottom, our speculations may swing in any direction without public detriment, because they will ride with sure anchorage." In the course of this article we have endeavoured to prove, and we trust with success, the fact, that the principles of the ancient Whigs, were essentially conservative, and that those of the ancient Tories are the same with modern Whigs, on whom it is an act of injustice, alike to ourselves and our forefathers, to bestow that honorable name. We have likewise endeavoured to show the reasons why, and the means by which these appellations came to be conferred on persons holding the opposite principles from those upon whom they were originally bestowed. We shall now conclude our task in the warning language of that great man, whose opinions, delivered in order to stem the torrent of revolution and infidelity in his own age, are the best guide to direct our efforts against that which now threatens to annihilate every thing which we value, for which our fathers hazarded their fortunes and their lives. religions should be placed upon a level that is, in other words, they raise the false at the expense of the true, in order that when by its agency they have destroyed the latter, they may cast I aside the former without hesitation or reserve. But we shall see these very men, and the character of that liberality, which is generous of others' rights, and tolerant of others' wrongs, described by Mr. Burke as accurately as if he had lived to see the Church of Ireland delivered bound by a Whig ministry into the hands of a gang of bloodthirsty, cowardly, and merciless traitors; and its meek, pious, and benevolent pastors butchered in cold blood by the very wretches whom they had devoted their labours to humanise, and their properties to support and relieve. That which the assembly calling itself national, held out as a large and liberal toleration, is, in reality, a cruel and insidious persecution; infinitely more bitter than any which had been heard of within this century, it had a feature in it worse than the old persecutions. The old persecutors acted, or pretended to act, from zeal towards some system of piety and virtue, they gave strong preference to their own; and if they drove people from one religion, they provided for them another, in which men might take refuge and "I have stated the calaexpect consolation. Their new perse- mities which have fallen upon a great cution is not against a variety in con- prince and nation, because they were science, but against all conscience. It not alarmed at the approach of danprofesses contempt towards its object: ger, and because, what commonly hap and whilst it treats all religion with pens to men surprised, they lost all rescorn, is not so much as neutral about source when they were caught in it, the modes. It unites the opposite evils When I speak of danger, I certainly of intolerance and indifference." mean to address myself to those who consider the prevalence of the new Whig doctrines as an evil. The Whigs of this day have before them, in this appeal, their constitutional ancestors. They have the doctors of the modern school. They will choose for themselves. The author of these reflections has chosen for himself. der is coming on, and all the political opinions must pass away like dreams, which our ancestors have worshipped as revelations, he would rather be the last, (as certainly he is the least) of that race of men, than the first and greatest of those who have coined to themselves Whig principles from a French die, unknown to the impress of our fathers in the Constitution." The friends of the modern Whigs may adduce one palliation for their misconduct. They may say, that they err through ignorance. Ignorance is a melancholy excuse for a statesman; if it were an excuse, however, the present Whig party would be, perhaps, the most blameless class of men who have ever adorned the ministerial benches. But ignorance cannot excuse, when that ignorance is voluntary. We shall see what Mr. Burke considers the right source whence statesmen should derive information ;-speaking of himself he says, "That author makes what the ancients call' mos majorum," not indeed his sole, but certainly his principal rule of policy, to guide his judgment in whatever re If a new or LOVE AND LOYALTY. CHAPTER VII. O traitors! murderers!. They that stabb'd Cæsar, shed no blood at all, The passions of democracy when not corrected and softened by the chivalric spirit of monarchy, are, in politics, what the physical wants are to the primitive savage, fierce, ravenous, and sanguinary, stopping at nothing to satisfy them. The cutter which Van Happerty chanced to fall in with, and partially chaced, conveyed to one of the Parliamentarian squadrons intelligence of a Dutch ship of war being in the channel, and we shall see what followed. De Ruyter having discharged his trust, in landing the Queen and the warlike stores, &c. departed with his ships for Holland, and fortunately escaped coming in contact with the English squadron, which, instructed by the cutter, already mentioned, was making for that part of the coast. It was earliest dawn on the morning after the departure of the Dutch commodore, when a sail was seen in the offing, and unfortunately perceived by the roundhead cullion Crabtree, whom our readers we presume have not forgotten. From the experience derived by his residence on the coast he was assured of her being British, and he lost not a moment in taking boat and making for the vessel-his information directed the base and sanguinary attack which we have to relate. The ship of war having neared the shore as close as she could, opened a fire, aimed at Smallcraft's house, and the Queen was buried in profound sleep, when the cannonade aroused her to all the horrors of her situation, Fortunately De Lacy had been up some time, and in the Marquess of Winchester's room. Both rushed with little ceremony into the royal apartment, and after brief prepa 3rd Part Henry VI. ration, they were bearing their perilled sovereign hastily away, when a crossbar shot, passing directly through the room, nearly smothered them in dust and splinters, but luckily, ranged too high to be fatal in its effects. This danger escaped, they were rapidly descending the stairs, when Henrietta, recollecting the Lady Eleanor, screamed her apprehension and anxiety for her beautiful and attached favourite. Leaving his royal mistress in the care of the marquess, De Lacy flew to rescue the adored mistress of his heart, or perish along with her. She had been lodged in the room immediately over that of the Queen; and just as the fair Eleanor's lover had reached the door, a stack of chimnies, built in the ponderous fashion of the times, came thundering down, dividing the house nearly in two. We shall not detail the means by which, with the assistance of the good Abbè, O'Reilly, De Lacy was enabled to bear Lady Eleanor, by this time insensible with terror, outside the house, which every moment threatened to fall upon them. It was perceived that the direction of the cannonade was changed somewhat, but still ploughing up the ground along the left of the quay, so as to render the attempt to pass that way certain destruction. They were turning to look for the means of escape in another quarter, when a loud halloo! caught their ear; and De Lacy perceived Oakshaft, the pilot, alone in a small boat, directly under the pier: “We have a chance," cried he" our only chance to get back across the creek undiscovered-I got over well enough." There was no time for deliberation: they got, as speedily as possible, into the boat, placing the Lady on its flooring. "How came you here?" asked De Lacy, "and know you any thing of the Queen?" "I do not," answered the honest pilot, "it was Smallcraft sent me- -it was lucky he thought on it-I should not-he is gone across the creek higher up, to seek after the Queen." De Lacy seized an oar, and they pulled for life or death, the shots passing every moment over their heads; nor was the desperate attempt made unobserved. A boat pushed off from the nearest vessel full of men, and rapidly gained upon them; they had got three parts of the way across, and the chase was almost upon them; so much so, that some of the men in the ship's boat were about to fire upon them, but were prevented by the officer who steered, and wished, with hostile purpose to obtain information from his prisoners, whom he considered himself on the point of capturing. Our poor fugitives were, by this time, fairly overhawled, and the bow-oarsman had seized his boat-hook and grappled them, when De Lacy, starting with the frenzy of desperation, dealt the grappler on the instant, such blow across the arms with his oar, as not only compelled him to loose his hold, but staggered him so, that he lost his balance, and fell over board. This threw them a little a-head, and the man of war's crew irritated, threw down their oars, seized their arms, and gave their fire irregularly, in the act of which, as they all rushed to one side, the boat capsized, and all were precipitated into the tide. Pull for life and death!" exclaimed our gallant Colonel, laying his hand on his left arm, where he felt he was wounded. "For death, master," said Oakstaff undauntedly," my yarn is spun!" And De Lacy now perceived, that though he continued his exertions, the blood was pouring from his side in an uninterrupted stream. Short time was allowed for sympathy with the living; the dead claimed his strong, but, alas! unavailing feelings. The lion-hearted pilot tumbled from his seat, and, with a few convulsive groans, expired. 66 The boat by this catastrophe drifted her own way before De Lacy could get to the oars, and he, perceiving that the current tended strongly towards the other side, took but one oar, and, saving his wounded arm, pulled as well as he was able with the other, which kept the boat slowly progressing up the creek. The firing from the ships had evidently slackened. Lady Eleanor and the good Father had escaped unhurt; and the boat being now upon the shore De Lacy prepared to land. He ascended the muddy side of the creek with some difficulty, and perceived, under shelter of a high bank, a crowd, which being clearly out of the range of fire, made him hope that the Queen had there found safe refuge, while on one side were several detachments of horse, evidently placed to command the upper part of the creek. Raising his voice and waving his hat he soon obtained assistance from the nearest of these parties, and in a few moments had the inexpressible satisfaction of placing Lady Eleanor, unharmed, except labouring under the terrors of the dreadful scene she had gone through, in the arms of her father, who, with a countenance that evinced what he had suffered, was standing beside a baggage waggon, where, stretched upon a truss of straw, and covered with horsemens' cloaks, lay the Queen of England. Finding that his murderous attack had failed of its full intent, Batten, the thus infamous vice-admiral of the parliamentary fleet withdrew his squadron and put to sea, having effected nothing more than the demolition of Smallcraft's house, some adjoining tenements, and the slaughter of a few unfortunate individuals of little note, except the young and gallant Pomeroy, who, as he was assisting the Queen along the quay, was struck by a splinter which a cannon shot separated from the quay wall, and cut nearly in twain; the loyal blood of this youthful and ill-fated cavalier sprinkling the person of his royal mistress, and giving to her a frightful augury of the yet dearer blood which she was doomed to mourn. The danger over, the Queen rallied, and was enabled, with her small personal retinue, and military escorte, to proceed forthwith to Kilham, eight miles distant,the mansion of the loyal and determined Bunckley, where her security was further ensured by a re-inforcement to her guard of three hundred foot under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Webb. Here the Queen was allowed to take that repose which the unmanly |