The Litvaks: A Short History of the Jews in LithuaniaBerghahn Books, 2000 - 283 עמודים Discusses some aspects of antisemitism in Lithuania, especially in socioeconomic terms, in the Middle Ages and under the Russian tsars. The 20th-century interwar period saw the introduction of anti-Jewish laws that negatively impacted on Jewish political involvement, economic activity, and physical security, and the situation worsened with a right-wing coup, at which time Nazi influence grew among the German minority. The peak of antisemitism is treated in pt. 4 (pp. 187-247), "World War II, the Holocaust, and the Jewish Survivors". Although Soviet rule in 1940-41 ended many restrictions, it harmed Jews culturally and economically; many were arrested or exiled. The Nazi occupation which followed led to the destruction of Lithuanian Jewry. Even before the arrival of the German army, ca. 10,000 Jews were murdered by Lithuanians. German troops brought the Final Solution, in which Lithuanian collaboration was massive. Discusses ghettos, forced labor, and concentration camps, as well as Jewish partisan resistance. 96% of Lithuanian Jews were killed. Popular antisemitism was revived in postwar Lithuania. The issues of Lithuanian-Nazi collaboration and the Lithuanian association of Jews with communists to justify the massacre of Jews during World War II remained problems in the postwar and even post-communist periods. |
תוכן
Introduction | 6 |
Part I | 19 |
From the Thirteenth Century to the First Partition of Poland 1772 | 21 |
Under Tsarist Rule 17721915 | 26 |
During World War I | 30 |
The Interwar Years Independent Lithuania | 31 |
World War II | 32 |
June 1940June 1941 | 35 |
Religious Culture | 92 |
Enlightenment and Education | 95 |
National Movements and Political Activity | 101 |
During World War I 19141918 | 106 |
The Deportation of Lithuanian Jewry to the Russian Interior | 107 |
The Aftermath of the Deportations and the End of Russian Military Rule 109 The German Military Administration 19151918 | 109 |
Part IV | 187 |
The Destruction of Lithuanian Jewry 19411945 | 217 |
The Nazi Occupation | 36 |
The Postwar Years | 38 |
Part II | 41 |
The Jewish Community of Lithuania from Its Earliest Days to the Union with Poland 1569 | 43 |
The Jews in the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth 15691795 | 48 |
Crisis 16481667 and Recovery | 51 |
The Lithuanian Jewish Council and the Kahal | 53 |
Religious and Cultural Life | 58 |
The First Census of Lithuanian Jews 1765 | 62 |
Under Tsarist Rule in the Russian Pale of Settlement 17951914 | 64 |
From the Crimean War to World War I 18561914 | 72 |
Demographic Change | 77 |
Economic Activity and the Standard of Living | 83 |
The Jewish Reaction in the Ghettos and Forests | 227 |
In the Concentration Camps | 231 |
Reckoning in Blood | 234 |
The Survivors | 236 |
In the Displaced Persons Camps of Germany | 237 |
In Postwar Soviet Lithuania | 238 |
The Jews in Newly Independent Lithuania | 242 |
Epilogue by Yehoshua Trigor | 249 |
Bibliography | 254 |
265 | |
The Jewish Communities and Localities in Interwar Lithuania | 268 |
Names of Jewish communities that were part of Lithuania in other periods | 282 |
מהדורות אחרות - הצג הכל
The Litvaks: A Short History of the Jews in Lithuania <span dir=ltr>Dov Levin</span> תצוגה מקדימה מוגבלת - 2000 |
The Litvaks: A Short History of the Jews in Lithuania <span dir=ltr>Dov Levin</span> אין תצוגה מקדימה זמינה - 2000 |
The Litvaks: A Short History of the Jews in Lithuania <span dir=ltr>Dov Levin</span> אין תצוגה מקדימה זמינה - 2000 |
מונחים וביטויים נפוצים
active activists administration authorities autonomous began century Communist community councils cultural deportation Despite district economic elections emigration Eretz Israel established ethnic Lithuania exiles families forced German ghetto Grodno groups Ha-Shomer ha-Za'ir He-Halutz Hebrew Hibbat Zion Holocaust Independent Lithuania institutions inter-war Jewish Affairs Jewish communities Jewish education Jewish population Jewish soldiers Jews of Lithuania Juden Judon Kaunas Kėdainiai Klaipėda Kovno ghetto Kovno province large number leaders litas Lithuanian Division Lithuanian Jewish Lithuanian Jewry Lithuanian Yiddish living majority Marijampolė military murdered Nazi non-Jewish Non-Jews number of Jewish number of Jews oblast official organizations Palestine Panevėžys particularly partisans party percent Poland Polish political rabbis Raseiniai Red Army refugees religious Russian schools Seimas settled settlements Shavli Šiauliai small towns Soviet Union Suvalk synagogues Table Telšiai trade Trakai Ukmergė various villages Vilna Vytautas World yeshivah youth movements Zamut region Ze'irei Zion
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