Theories of History: Readings from Classical and Contemporary Sources

according action activity actual appear apply argument assertion attempt become believe called causal causes certain character characteristically circumstances civilization claim complete concepts concerning connection consequences consider course depends determined direction distinction effect empirical evidence example existence experience expressed fact forces give given hand happened historian historical explanation human ideas important individual influence instance interest interpretation involved kind knowledge laws less logical Marxism material matter means merely method mind moral nature necessary never objective observed occur particular past phenomena philosophy physical political position possible practical prediction present principle problem produce progress question reason reference regarded relation result scientific seems sense social society specific stage statements theory things thought tion true truth understanding universal whole