of their set festivals would have remarkably varied from their true seasons in a few years.

By what particular method the ancient Israelites regulated their year in this manner, may perhaps be difficult to be ascertained. However, I shall endeavour to offer, what I think may be gathered from some hints in Moses' institutions relating to this

matter.

Moses, in order to calculate and regulate the sacred festivals, directed the Israelites to observe the month Abib; which was to be unto them the beginning of months, that is, the first month of the year. On the fourteenth day of this month at even, they were to kill and eat the passover." The day after, or the fifteenth was the first day of unleavened bread, and, which ought to be particularly remarked, the first day of unleavened bread was always to fall upon a sabbath; which I think is hinted in Levit. xxiii. 11. The wavesheaf was to be waved on the morrow after a

•Deut. xvi. 1.

Ibid. 6-8. Levit xxiii. 5.

P Exodus xii. 2.

r · Ver. 6.

Sabbath; but the wave-sheaf was thus offered on the second day of unleavened bread; and consequently, if that day was the morrow after a Sabbath, then the day preceding or first day of unleavened bread was a Sabbath. If this point be rightly stated, it should be remembered, that the Sabbaths in this first month will fall thus; the first day a Sabbath, the eighth day a Sabbath, the fifteenth a Sabbath, the twentysecond a Sabbath, and the twenty-ninth a Sabbath. A month was ordinarily computed to be thirty days, neither more nor less." Accordingly, if we go through the second month, the Sabbaths in it must be thus: the sixth day a Sabbath, the thir teenth a Sabbath, the twentieth a Sabbath,

Ver 11. The Hebrew words are, nawn h¬hop i. e. crastino sabbati, on the day after the Sabbath.

t

Joseph. Antiq. lib. 3. ubi. sup.

"Moses thus computes the months in his account of the Flood. From the seventeenth day of the second month, to the seventeenth day of the seventh month; for five whole months he reckons one hundred and. fifty days, Gen. vii. 11. 24. viii. 3, 4. which is exactly thirty days to each month; for five times thirty days are one hundred and fifty.

PREFACE.

and the twenty-seventh a Sabbath.

ix

In the

third month the Sabbaths will fall thus: the

Scaliger intimates that the twenty-second day of this second month was a Sabbath. Lib. de Emendat. Temp. p. 153, which if true, would overthrow the order of the Sabbaths I am offering. But, 1. If the twenty-second of this month had been a Sabbath, then the fifteenth must have been a Sabbath also; and the people would have rested in their tents upon it, Exod." xvi. 30. But the fifteenth was a day of travel; the Israelites took their journey from Elim unto the wilderness of Sin, on the fifteenth day of the second month, Exod. xvi. 1. so that this day was not a Sabbath, and consequently neither was the twenty-second. 2. Scaliger's opinion is founded upon an imagination that the quails were given in the very evening, and the manna on the morning after the Israelites came into this wilderness. If this were the fact, the Israelites gathering manna for six successive days, before Moses observed to them that to-morrow is the Sabbath, (See ver. 22, 23.) would indeed suggest that the Sabbath fell on the twenty-second. But how improbable is it that the Israelites should have fixed their camp, explored the country, found that they could not be supported in it, mutinied, obtained a miraculous supply from God; and all this in the remaining part of a day almost spent in travel? A supply given thus instantaneously would hardly have been known to be a miracle. They could

fourth day a Sabbath: and the day after this Sabbath was the day of Pentecost, or the fiftieth day from the day of the bringing the sheaf of the wave-offering; for from the day of waving it, on the day after a Sabbath, they were to count seven Sabbaths complete; unto the day after the seventh

not so soon have judged enough of the country they were in, to determine whether it might not be the natural produce of it. In the wilderness of Shur they travelled three days before they came to high complaints for want of water, Exod. xv. 22. In like manner they came into the wilderness of Sin, on the fifteenth day of the month, on a second day of the week. In about four days they had eaten up all that could be provided for them; and found absolutely that the land they were in could not support them. In this extremity they were ready to mutiny; on the fifth day, the twentieth day of the month, and the seventh day of the week at even, Moses obtained the quails for them, and on the next morning the manna. They gathered manna for six days, and then the Sabbath was on the twenty-seventh. In this way of computing, we allow the affairs transacted a necessary space of time; which will fix the Sabbaths to the days I have supposed to belong to them.

y Levitic. xxiii. 15.

Sabbath fifty days, and upon that fiftieth they were to offer the two wave-loaves and their new meal-offering. Accordingly, from the sixteenth day of the first month to the fifth day of the third month, counting inclusively, are fifty days; and the fiftieth day falls regularly on the morrow or day after the Sabbath, as Moses calculates it.* The other Sabbaths in this third month fall thus: the eleventh day a Sabbath, the eighteenth a Sabbath, and the twenty-fifth a Sabbath. In the fourth month the Sabbaths fall as follows: the second day a Sabbath, the ninth a Sabbath, the sixteenth a Sabbath, the twenty-third a Sabbath, and the thirtieth a Sabbath. In the fifth month, the seventh day will be a Sabbath, the fourteenth a Sabbath, the twenty-first a Sabbath, and the twentyeighth a Sabbath. In the sixth month, the fifth day is a Sabbath, the twelfth day a Sabbath, the nineteenth a Sabbath, and the twenty-sixth a Sabbath. We are now to begin the seventh month: and here I must ob

'Levit. xxiii. 17. Numb. xxviii. 26. 'Levit. xxiii. 16.