哉办 也。勝 亦可以勝殘去殺 妻子日善人爲邦百年 月而已可也三年有成 子 日苟有用我者碁 而後仁 C四節、 又何加焉日富之三旣 用焉富 有者教 誠年成朞之旣 4. "And when they have been enriched, what more shall be done?" The Master said, “Teach them.” CHAPTER X. The Master said, "If there were any of the princes who would employ me, in the course of twelve months, I should have done something considerable. In three years, the government would be perfected.” CHAPTER XI. The Master said, "If good men were to govern a country in succession for a hundred years, they would be able to transform the violently bad, and dispense with capital punishments.' True indeed is this saying!" 3 CHAPTER XII. The Master said, "If a truly royal ruler were to arise, it would still require a generation, and then virtue would prevail. " 9. A PEOPLE NUMEROUS, WELL-OFF, AND EDUCATED, IS THE GREAT ACHIEVEMENT OF GOVERN MENT. 11. WHAT A HUNDRED YEARS OF GOOD GOVERNMENT COULD EFFECT. Conf. quotes here a 1. 僕,‘a servant,' but here with the saying of his time, and approves of it. 勝, mean. in the translation. That, indeed, is the second meaning of the char. given in the dict. 10. CONFUCIUS' ESTIMATE OF WHAT HE COULD DO, IF EMPLOYED TO ADMINISTER THE GOVERN- 朞 运 are from 期,and =‘a revolution of the year' There is a comma at 月, and 而已可 read together. does not signify, as it often does, 'and nothing more,' but='and have,' being, a sign of the perfect tense. -Given twelve months, and there would be a passable result. In three years, there would be a completion.’ per 1st tone, to be equal to.’勝殘 would be equal to the violent,' that is, to transform them. 去殺, ‘to do away with killing,' that is, with capital punishments, unnecessary with a transformed people. 12. IN WHAT TIME A ROYAL RULER COULD TRANSFORM THE EMPIRE. 王者,‘one who was a king.' The char. E is formed by three straight lines representing the three powers of Heaven, Earth, and Man, and a perpendicular line, going through and uniting them, and thus conveys the highest idea of power and influence. See the dict., char. E. Here it means the highest wisdom and virtue in the highest place. 日 以園 以諸 一節 有有朝正何正 日退 若孔言開政政子人有其 是子而之雖子曰何不身 其對資 不曰何 能矣 CHAPTER XIII. The Master said, "If a minister make his own conduct correct, what difficulty will he have in assisting in government? If he cannot rectify himself, what has he to do with rectifying others ?" CHAPTER XIV. The disciple Yen returning from the court, the Master said to hiin, "How are you so late?" He replied, “ We had government business." The Master said, "It must have been family affairs. If there had been government business, though I am not now in office, I should have been consulted about it." CHAPTER XV. 1. The duke Ting asked whether there was a single sentence which could make a country prosperous. Confucius replied, “Such an effect cannot be expected from one sentence. 2. “There is a saying, however, which people have To be a prince is difficult; to be a minister is not easy. 世, ‘a generation,' or thirty years. See note | The point of the ch. turns on the opposition of on II. 23, 1. The old interpr. take as=仁 the phrases 有政 end 其事也;at the 仁 政 'virtuous government.'-To save Conf. from the charge of vanity in what he says, in ch. 10, that he could accomplish in three years, it is said, that the perfection which he predicates there would only be the foundation for the virtue here realized. 13. THAT HE BEFERSONALLY CORRECT ESSENTIAL TO AN OFFICER OF GOVERNMENT. Comp. ch. 6. That the subject is here an officer of gov., and not the ruler, appears from the phrase 從政; see note on VI. 6. With reference to the other phraseology of the ch., the Bays that 從政 embraces 正君, 'the rectification of the prince,' and 正民 ‘the rec tification of the peoplc.' 14 AN IRONICAL ADMONITION TO YEN YEW ON THE USURPING TENDENCIES OF THE KE FAMILY. court of the Ke family, that is, they had really been discussing matters of government, affecting the state, and proper only for the prince's court, Conf. effects not to believe it, and says that at the chief's court they could only have been discussing the affairs of his house. 不吾以一 an inversion, and U=用,‘although I am now not employed.' fil, low. 3d tone.-'I should have been present and heard it.' Superannuated officers might go to court on occasions of emergency, and might also be consulted on such though the gen. rule was to allow them to retire at 70. See the Le Ke, I. i. 28. 15. How THE PROSPERITY AND RUIN OF A COUNTRY MAY DEPEND ON THE RULER'S VIEW OF HIS POSITION, HIS FEELING ITS DIFFICULTY, OR ONLY CHERISHING A HEADSTRONG WILL. 1. I should suppose that ·言可以興邦 ami □ 不亦違無以喪乎不幾 葉 公平 葉公問政子曰近者說遠 善也樂若邦一易。 如乎是有言 其為 為其諸。而 善君幾 興 莫之 乎之違而 違也莫 邦 對乎 幾也人之言曰爲君難 也不予予可而幾臣 3. "If a ruler knows this,-the difficulty of being a prince,-may there not be expected from this one sentence the prosperity of his country?” 4. The duke then said, "Is there a single sentence wlhich can ruin a country?" Confucius replied, "Such an effect as that cannot be expected from one sentence. There is, however, the saying which people have 'I have no pleasure in being a prince, only in that no one offer any opposition to what I say!' 5. “If a ruler's words be good, is it not also good that no one oppose them? But if they are not good, and no one opposes them, may there not be expected from this one sentence the ruin of his country?” CHAPTER XVI. 1. The duke of Shě asked about government. 2. The Master said, "Good government obtains, when tl.ose who are near are made happy, and those who are far off are attracted." the correspond. sent, below were comm. sayings, first 平, but it is better to take that 平 as a about which the duke asks, in a way to intimate preposition;- May it not be expected that from his disbelief of them一有諸幾 is not | this one word, &c.?” Similarly, par. 4, 平 is a here in the sense of a spring,' or 'primum mobile,' but=期, in the sense of to expect to prep.,=ourin. 其言言 is used special言=一句 as in | issue. be expected from.' II. 2. 2. It is only the first part of the saying on which Conf. dwells. That is called 主, the principal sentence; the other is only ly of the orders, rules, &c., which a ruler may 16. Goon GOVERNMENT SEEN FROM ITSEF FECTS. 1. 葉 read shě; see VII. 18. 2. Conf. is supposed to have in view the oppressive and ag 'an accessory.' 3. Some put a comma at the gressive govt. of Tsoo, to which She belonged. CHAPTER XVII. Tsze-hea, being governor of Keu-foo, asked about government. The Master said, "Do not be desirous to have things done quickly; do not look at small advantages. Desire to have things done quickly prevents their being done thoroughly. Looking at small advantages prevents great affairs from being accomplished.” CHAPTER XVIII. 1. The duke of Shě informed Confucius, saying, "Among us here there are those who may be styled upright in their conduct. If their father have stolen a sheep, they will bear witness to the fact." 2. Confucius said, " Among us, in our part of the country, those who are upright are different from this. The father conceals the misconduct of the son, and the son conceals the misconduct of the father. Uprightness is to be found in this." 17. HASTE AND SMALL ADVANTAGES NOT TO BE DESIRED IN GOVERNING. Keu-foo (foo, up. 2d tone) was a small city in the western bor us to the latter view. In the 集證, accounts are quoted of such cases, but they are probably founded on this chap. is 'to steal on oc ders of Loo. 無毋, the prohibitive par- casion,'i.e, on some temptation, as when an ticle. other person's animal comes into my grounds, and I appropriate it. 證 seems to convey here the idea of accusation, as well as of witnessing. 2. 直在其中,comp. II. 18, 2. The ex press. does not absolutely affirm that this is upright, but that in this there is a better principle than in the other conduct.-Any body but a Chinese will say that both the duke's view of the subject and the sage's were incomplete. 必信 弟日 可恥 恥謂 夷恭 宗謂使之子 必 敢稱 果然 孝曰方子 日棄 棄與 次鄉問辱行如 然旦黨其君已斯 小言稱次命有可 遲問仁子日居處 忠 雖居 之處 CHAPTER XIX. Fan Ch'e asked about perfect virtue. The Master said, “It is, in retirement, to be sedately grave; in the management of business, to be reverently attentive; in intercourse with others, to be strictly sincere. Though a man go among rude uncultivated tribes, these qualities may not be neglected.” CHAPTER XX. 1. Tsze-kung asked, saying, “ What qualities must a man possess to entitle him to be called an officer?" The Master said, "He who in his conduct of himself maintains a sense of shame, and when sent to any quarter will not disgrace his prince's commission, deserves to be called an officer." 2. Tsze-kung pursued, "I venture to ask who may be placed in the next lower rank?" and he was told, "He whom the circle of his relatives pronounce to be filial, whom his fellow-villagers and neighbours pronounce to be fraternal." 3. Again the disciple asked, "I venture to ask about the class still next in order." The Master said, "They are determined to be sincere in what they say, and to carry out what they do. They are obstinate little men. Yet perhaps they may make the next class." 19. CHARACTERISTICS OF PERFECT VIRTUE. This is the third time that Fan Ch'e is repre sented as quest. the Master about, and it is supposed by some to have been the first in order. 居處 (up. 2d tone), in oppos. to 執事= dwelling alone,' in retirement 之 is a verb, as in V. 18, 2,=往,‘to go to.’ 20. DIFFERENT CLASSES OF MEN WHO IN THEIR SEVERAL DEGREES MAY BE STYLED OFFICERS, AND THE INFERIORITY OF THE MASS OF THE OFFIOERS OF CONFUCIUS' TIME. 1. 士,-comp. on XII. 20. Here it denotes–not the seholar, but the officer. 有耻, (has shame,’ie, will avoid all bad conduct which would subject him to reproach. 2. 宗族, is 'a designation for all who form one body having the same ancestor,' 一是同宗共族之稱 These are being all of the same surname from the great- 弟=悌, not simply brotherly,' in the strict sense, but ‘submissive, giving due honour to all older than himself. 3. 磴, 'the sound of stones. |