Other Antiquities in this County are, Holm Cultram Abbey, founded, according to Dugdale, by Henry II. A. D. 1150. It is now a parochial Church. Calder Abbey, founded in the Year 1134, by Randulph de Mefchines, Earl of Chefter. Lanercoft Priory, founded by Robert de Vallibus, A. D. 1169. It is now a Parish Church. Wetherall Priory, founded in the first Year of William Rufus, by Ranulph de Mefchines, Lord of Cumberland. Principal Seats of the Nobility and Gentry. The Duke of Norfolk's, at Drumburg-Castle, on the Solway Frith. The Earl of Curlife's, at Naworth, 10 Miles from Carlifle. The Earl of Suffex's, at Kirk-Ofwald, 13 Miles from Carlife. Dacres-Cafle, four Miles from Penrith, belonging to Edward Haffall, Efq; Hutton Hall, Sir George Fletcher's, Bart. Rafe-Castle, belonging to the Bishops of Carlisle. I WESTMORELAND S an inland County, bounded by Lancashire on the S. and S. W. by Cumberland on the W. and N. W. by Yorkshire on the E. and N. E. It is 36 M. in Length and 34 in Breadth; 'tis divided into the Barony of Weftmoreland, which is an open, Champaign Country, 20 M. long and 14 broad; and the Barony of Kendal, which is full of Mountains. Both thefe are fubdivided into two Wards, each of which contains 32 Parishes, wherein are many Chapels of Eafe, 8 Market Towns, 220 Villages, and only one Parliamentary Borough, namely Appleby, which is alfo the County Town. In each of thefe Divifions are feveral Deaneries and Conftablewicks, but no Hundreds, as anciently paying no Subfidies, being fufficiently charged in the Border Ser vice against the Scots. The Barony or Bottom (from the low Situation) of Westmoreland, which is the Northern Part, affords good Store of Corn. The Barony of Kendale, or Candalia, which is the Southern Part, fo called from the River Can, has fome Rocks as well as Mountains, but is pretty fruitful in the Valleys, especially in the Meadows near the Rivers; and its Mountains have good Pafture for Sheep, with Copper Ore in fome Parts. Its Air is sweet, healthful and pleafant, but fomewhat sharp in the mountainous Parts. Befides Pit Coals, this County abounds with other Fuel, there being Plenty of Wood upon the Mountains in the Barony of Kendale, and divers Forefts in the Barony of Westmoreland. Among the Mountains in the South Part, on the Borders of Cumberland, lies Winander-mere, the largest Lake in England, fo called by the Saxons from its winding Banks. 'Tis about 10 M. in Length, and paved at the Bottom with one continued Rock. It is of a vast Depth in fome Parts, and well ftored with a Fish called Char, rarely found except among the Alps, and is reckoned a Sort of golden Alpine Trout; 'tis baked in Pots, and fo lent as Prefents to London, and other Parts. Appleby, 267 M. from Lond. claims the firft Notice as the County Town where the Affizes are yearly held, though it is neither rich nor beautiful, but the Situation of it in the Midst of pleafant Fields, and on the Banks of the River Eden, which almoft encompaffes it, is very agreeable. Its Name is a Corruption of the Aballaba in the Notitia, and it was the Station of the Mauri Aureliani, a Band of Roman Soldiers fo called, because they were fent hither by the Emperor Aurelian. Here is the best Corn Market in all the Northern Parts; but the chief Beauty of the Town confifts in one broad -Street, which runs with an eafy Afcent from S. to N. at the Head whereof is the Castle, the Seat of the Earl of Thanet, almoft furrounded with the River, and with Trenches where the River comes not. At the lower End of the Town are the Church and a School. Here alfo is an Hofpital for a Governess and 12 other Widows, called the Mother and 12 Sifters. The The Town ftands on the Roman Military Way, which croffes the County from Rear-crofs on Stainmore, in the Eaft, to the River Eden, a little below Penrith in the Weft. Other Towns of chief Note: are, Kendal, 10 Miles from Appleby, called alfo Kirkby Kandale, that is, a Church in the Valley upon the River Can, over which it has two Bridges of Stone and one of Wood, and a Harbour for Boats; 'tis much fuperior to Appleby in Trade, Buildings, and the Number and Wealth of the Inhabitants, and indeed is the largest T. in the County. It has two good Streets which cross each other, and is enriched by the Industry of the Townfmen and the Woolen Manufacture, in which they have for a long Time drove a confiderable Trade. It is of Note alfo for the Manufacture of Cottons, Druggets, Serges, Hats, Worfted and Yarn Stockings. Here are feven trading Companies, viz. Mercers, Sheermen, Cordwainers, Tanners, Glovers, Taylors and Pewterers, who have each their Hall. The Church is very large and beautiful, it is fupported by five Rows of handfome Pillars. Near the Church is a Free School well endowed. Kirkby Lonsdale, the chief Town of Lonfdale, i. e. a Valley upon the River Lone, faid to be called Kirkby from a Bishop of Carlisle of that Name, who routed the Scots, and was a Native of this Place. It is a large Town with a Woolen Manufacture, and has a fair Church with a good Stone Bridge over the Lone. Kirkby Stephen, on the River Eden, is one of the T. in this County, noted for weaving Yarn Stockings, and a Free School, founded and endowed by the Family of Wharton. Amblefide, 270 M. from London, is another Town noted for a Manufacture of Cloth, and its Market is well ftored with Provifions. Brough, fix M. from Appleby, 259 from Lond. ftands on a Rivulet about two Miles from the River Eden, and is divided into two Towns, viz. Church Brough, where the Church ftands, with a Castle and fmall Fort called Cafar's Cafar's Tower, the former of which, being demolished by Fire, was rebuilt in 1661, by the Countefs of Pembroke. Near the Bridge a Spaw Well was lately difcovered. The other Part is called Lower Brough, from its Situation; and Market Brough from its Market, which is pretty confiderable. Milthorp, five Miles from Kendal, at the Mouth of the Can, is the only Sea Port Town in the County, Commodities being brought hither in Veffels from Grange in Lancashire. Shap, once called Chepe and Hepe, is a Market Town 7 M. South of Penrith, it has a Moot-house, the upper Part of which is a Room for public Business. The antient Places of Note in this County are, Amboglana, which from the Analogy of Names can be placed no where more commodiously than at Amblefide, upon Winander Mere, and the rather as it fhews the Ruins of an old City, with other Marks of Antiquity, and feveral Medals of Gold, Silver and Copper have been found here. Vertere must be Brough under Stanemore, from its Situation on a Roman Highway, and the exact Agreement of the Distances from Levatre and Brovonacum. Gallatum, is fuppofed to be Whelp-castle, near Kirkbyfore, where are the Ruins of an old Town, and confiderable Remains of Antiquity. Setantiorum Lacus is thought to be Winander Mere. At Kirkby-fhore, begins the old Causeway, called the Maiden Way, which runs 20 Miles from hence to Caervorren, near the Picts Wall. That by the Country People called King Arthur's Round Table, is a little to the S. of the Conflux of the Lowther and Eimot. On the Infide of it is a Trench, by which fome think it was a Place for Jufts and Tournaments; but others that it was only a Cockpit, or Ring to wreftle in. Near it is a Kind of Fortification, being a Pile of Stones heaped up in the Form of a Horfe- . hoe, called Mayburgh. The The principal Seats are, The Earl of Thanet's, at Pendragon-caftle, 12 Miles from Appleby. The Earl of Derby's, at Beltham-caftle, feven M. from Kendal. Sir James Lowther's, at Lowther-hall, near Ulleswater. LANCASHIRE S pent up in narrow Bounds, between Yorkshire on the E. and the Irish Sea on the W. on the S. Side towards Cheshire 'tis broader, but gradually grows narrower towards theN. where it borders on Weftmoreland, and there 'tis divided by an Arm of the Sea, fo as a confiderable Part lies beyond the Bay, and joins to Cumberland. This maritime County is 68 Miles in Length from N. to S. and 40 in Breadth from E. to W. It contains 27 Market Towns, 60 Parishes (fome of which are very large) befides Chapels as big as many Parish Churches, and 894 Villages. It enjoys a ferener Air than any o ther maritime County, being the leaft fubject to Fogs; fo that the People are generally ftrong and healthy, except near the Fens and Sea Shore, befides certain moift and unwholfome Spots of Ground called Moffes; but they yield Turf for Fuel, and Marl for cultivating the Land. The Soil where plain and level yields moftly Store of Wheat and Barley; and though the hilly Parts on the East Side are generally ftony and barren, yet the Bottoms of thofe Hills produce excellent Oats. The Paftures render the Cattle of a larger Size than those of any other County, and their Horns wider and bigger. Here is plenty of Timber, Coal and Cannel Coal, (which not only makes a much clearer Fire than Pit Coal, but is capable of a Polifh like Marble, and will not foil a Handkerchief, though as black as jet) with Mines of Lead, Iron and Copper, and Quarries of Stone, &c. It fends two Knights for the Shire to Parliament, and two for |