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Buck. Why, then All-Soul's day is my body's
This is the day, which, in king Edward's time,
1 with'd might fall on me, when I was found
Falfe to his children, or his wife's allies:
This is the day, wherein I with'd to fall
By the falle faith of him whom moft I trufted:
This, this All-Souls' day to my fearful foul,
Is the determin'd refpite of my wrongs 2.
That high All-feer whom I dally'd with,
Hath turn'd my feigned prayer on my head,
And given in earnest what I begg' in jett.
Thus doth he force the fwords of wicked men
To turn their own points on their mafters' bofoms:
Thus Margaret's curfe falls heavy on my neck,-
When be, quoth fhe, shall split thy heart with forrow,
Remember Margaret was a prophetess.-
Come, firs, convey me to the block of fhame;
Wrong hath but wrong, and blame the due of blame.
[Exeunt Buckingham, &c.

SCENE II.
Tamworth, on the borders of Leicestershire. A camp.
Enter Henry Earl of Richmond, Earl of Oxford, Sir
James Blunt, Sir Walter Herbert, and others,

with drum and colours.

Richm. Fellows in arms, and my most loving
Bruis'd underneath the yoke of tyranny, [friends,
Thus far into the bowels of the land

Have we march'd on without impediment;
And here receive we from our father Stanley
Lines of fair comfort and encouragement.
The wretched, bloody, and ufurping boar,
That fpoil'd your fummer fields, and fruitful vines,
Swills your warm blood like wash, and makes his
trough

In your embowell'd 3 bofoms,-this foul fwine
Lies now even in the centre of this ille,
Near to the town of Leicester, as we learn:
From Tamworth thither, is but one day's march.

In Gol's name, chearly on, courageous friends,
To reap the harvett of perpetual peace
By this one bloody st. 1 of tharp war.

Oxf. Every man's confcience is a thoufand fwords,
To fight against that bloody homicide.

Herb. I doubt not, but his friends will turn to us. Blunt. He hath no friends, but who are friends for fear;

Which, in his deareft need, will fly from him.

Richm. All for our vantage. Then, in God's

name march :

True hope is fwift, and flies with fwallow's wings; Kings it makes gods, and meaner creatures kings. [Exeunt.

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Enter King Richard in as ms, with the Duke of Norfolk, Earl of Surrey, and others.

K. Rich. Here pitch our tent, even here in Bofworth Field.-

My lord of Surrey, why look you fɔ fad ?

Str. My heart is ten times lighter than my looks.
K. Rich. My lord of Norfolk,-
Nar. Here, moft gracious liege.

muft we not?

K. Rich. Norfolk, we mutt have knocks; Ha! [lord. Nar. We mult both give and take, my loving K. Rich. Up with my tent: Here will I lie to[that. But where, to-morrow?-Well, all's one for Who hath defcry'd the number of the traitors?

night;

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Nor. Six or seven thoufand is their utmoft power.
K. Rich. Why, our battalia trebles that account:
Befides, the king's name is a tower of strength,
Which they upon the adverfe faction want.-
Up with the tent-Come, noble gentlemen,
Let us furvey the vantage of the ground ;-
Call for fome men of found direction+:--
Let's want no difcipline, make no delay;
For, lords, to-morrow is a busy day.
Enter on the other fide of the field, Richmond, Sir
William Brandon, Oxford, Dorfet, &c.
Richm. The weary fun hath made a golden fet,
And, by the bright track of his fiery car,
Gives token of a goodly day to-morrow.—
Sir William Brandon, you shall bear my ftandard.-
Give me fome ink and paper in my tent ;-
I'll draw the form and model of our battle,
Limit each leader to his feveral charge,
And part in just proportion our small power.
My lord of Oxford,-you, Sir William Brandon,-
And you, Sir Walter Herbert, stay with me:-
The earl of Pembroke keeps his regiment ;-
Good captain Blunt,, bear my good night to him,

1 The reason why the duke of Buckingham folicited an interview with the king, is explained in K Henry VIII. AI. 2 i. e. the time to which the punishment of his wrongs was refpited. Wrongs here means wrongs done, or injurious practices. 3 i. e. ripped up. 4 i. e. true judgement; tried mailitary skill.

And

And by the fecond hour in the morning
Defire the earl to fee me in my tent :

Yet one thing more, good captain, do for me;
Where is lord Stanley quarter'd, do you know?

Blunt. Unless I have mifta'en his colours much,
(Which, well I am affur'd, I have not done)
His regiment lies half a mile at least
South from the mighty power of the king.
Rich. If without peril it he poffible, [him,
Sweet Blunt, make fome good means to speak with
And give him from me this mott needful note.
Blunt. Upon my life, my lord, I'll undertake it;
And fo, God give you quict reft to-night!
Richm. Good night, good captain Blunt. Come,
gentlemen,

Let us confult upon to-morrow's business;
In to my tent, the air is raw and cold.

[They withdraw into the tent. Enter, to bis tent, King Richard, Ratcliff, Norfolk, and Catesby.

K. Rich. What is't o'clock ?
Catef. It's fupper time, my lord;

It's nine o'clock.

1

K. Rich. I will not fup to-night.-
Give me fome ink and paper.
What, my beaver cafier than it was ?--
And all my armour laid into my tent? [dinefs.
Catef. It is, my liege; and all things are in rea-
K. Rich. Good Norfolk, hie thee to thy charge;
Ufe careful watch, chufe trufty centinels.

Nor. 1 go, my lord.
[Norfolk.
K. Rich. Stir with the lark to-morrow, gentle
Nor. I warrant you, my lord.

K. Rich. Ratclift,

Rat. My lord ?

[Exit.

K. Rich. Send out a purfuivant at arms
To Stanley's regiment; bid him bring his power
Before fun-rifing, left his fon George fall
Into the blind cave of eternal night.-

Fill me a bowl of wine:-Give me a watch :---
[To Catesby.
Saddle white Surrey for the field to-morrow.--
Look that my itaves 2 be found, and not too heavy.
Ratcliff,-

Rat. My lord?

[thumberland?

And help to arm me, Ratcliff.-Leave me, I fay.
[Exit Ratcliff.
Richmond's Tent opens, and discovers him, and bis
Officers, &c.

Enter Stanley.

Stanl. Fortune and victory fit on thy helm!
Ricbm. All comfort that the dark night can afford,
Be to thy perfon, noble father-in-law !
Tell me, how fares our loving mother?

Stanl. 1, by attorney, bless thee from thy mother,
So much for that.-The filent hours steal on,
Who prays continually for Richmond's good;
In brief, for fo the feafon bids us be,
And flaky darkness breaks within the eat.
Prepare thy battle early in the morning;
And put thy fortune to the arbitrement
Of bloody ftrokes, and mortal ftaring war 5.
With beft advantage will deceive the time,
I, as I may, (that which I would, I cannot)

And aid thee in this doubtful fhock of arms:
But on thy fide I may not be too forward,
Left, being feen, thy tender brother George
Be executed in his father's fight.

Farewell: the leifure, and the fearful time
Cuts off the ceremonious vows of love,
And ample enterchange of sweet difcourfe,
Which to long fundred friends fhould dwell upon;
Once more, adieu :-Be valiant and freed well!
God give us leifure for thefe rites of love!

Richm. Good lords, conduct him to his regiment:
Left leaden flumber peize 7 me down to-morrow,
I'll ftrive, with troubled thoughts, to take a nap ;
When 1 thould mount with wings of victory:
Once more, good night, kind lords and gentlemen,

[Exeunt lords, &c.
O, Thou! whofe captain I account myself,
Look on my forces with a gracious eye;
Put in their hands thy bruifing irons of wrath,
That they may cruth down with a heavy fall
The ufurping helmets of our adverfaries!
Make us thy aifters of chaftifement,
To thee I do commend my watchful foul,
That we may praife thee in thy victory!
Ere I let fall the windows of mine eyes;

K. Rich. Saw'it thou the melancholy lord Nor-Sleeping, and waking, O, defend me ftill! [Sleeps.
Enter the Gloft of Prince Edward, Son to Henry the

Rat. Thomas the earl of Surrey and himself, Much about cock-fnut time 3, from troop to troop, Went through the army, cheering up the foldiers.

K. Rich. I am fatisfy'd. Give me a bowl of wine:
I have not that alacrity of spirit,

Nor cheer of mind, that I was wont to have.—
So, fet it down.-Is ink and paper ready?

Rat. It is, my lord.

K. Rich. Bid my guard watch, and leave me. About the mid of night, come to my tent

Sixth.

Ghaft. Let me fit heavy on thy foul to-morrow!
[To K. Rich
Think how thou stabb'dft me in the prime of youth
At Tewksbury; defpair therefore, and die'—
Be cheerful, Richmond; for the wronged fouls
[To Richm
Of butcher'd princes fight in thy behalf:
King Henry's iffue, Richmond, comforts thee.

I That particular kind of candle is here meant anciently called a watch, becaufe, being marked out into fections, each of which was a certain portion of time in burning, it fupplied the place of the more modern inftrument by which we measure the hours. 2 Staves are the wood of the lances.

3 i. c.

As it was ufual to carry more lances than one into the field, the lightness of them was an object of confequence. twilight. Cockjkut is faid to be a net to catch woodcocks; and as the time of taking them in this manner is in the twilight, either after fun-fet or before its riling, tuchhut light may very properly exprefs the evening or the morning twilight. 4 i. e. by deputation, 5 By flaring war is probably meant war that looks big. Leifure in this paffage itands for want of leilifre.

ii. c. weigh me down, from pejer, French.

Enter the Ghoft of Henry the Sixth.
Ghost. When I was mortal, my anointed body
[To K. Rich.

By thee was punched full of deadly holes :
Think on the Tower and me; despair and die;
Henry the fixth bids thee despair and die !—

Virtuous and holy, be thou conqueror! [To Richm. Harry, that prophefy'd thou shouldst be king, Doth comfort thee in thy fleep; live, and flourish. Enter the Ghost of Clarence.

Ghost. Let me fit heavy on thy foul to-morrow! [To K. Rich. I, that was wash'd to death with fulfome wine, Poor Clarence, by thy guile betray'd to death! To-morrow in the battle think on me, And fall thy edgelefs fword; defpair, and die!Thou offspring of the house of Lancaster,

[To Richm The wronged heirs of York do pray for thee; Good angels guard thy battle! Live, and flourish! Enter the Ghosts of Rivers, Grey, and Vaughan. Riv. Let me fit heavy on thy foul to-morrow! [To K. Rich. Rivers, that dy'd at Pomfret! defpair, and die! Grey. Think upon Grey, and let thy foul defpair! [To K. Rich. Vaugh. Think upon Vaughan; and, with guilty fear,

Let fall thy lance! defpair, and die !

[To K. Rich. All. Awake! and think, our wrongs in Richard's bofom

Will conquer him;-awake, and win the day!
[To Richm.
Enter the Ghoft of Lord Haftings.
Ghaft. Bloody and guilty, guiltily awake;
[To K. Rich.
And in a bloody battle end thy days!
Think on lord Haltings; and defpair, and die !-
Quiet untroubled foul, awake, awake! [To Richm.
Arm, fight, and conquer, for fair England's fake!
Enter the Ghosts of the two young Princes.
Ghofts. Dream on thy coufins fmother'd in the
Tower;

Let us be lead within thy bofom, Richard,

[To K. Rich.
And weigh thee down to ruin, shame, and death!
Thy nephews' fouls bid thee defpair, and die-
Sleep, Richmond, fleep in peace, and wake in
joy;
[To Richm

Good angels guard thee from the boar's annoy
Live, and beget a happy race of kings!
Edward's unhappy fons do bid thee flourish.
Enter the Ghoft of Lady Anne.
Ghoft. Richard, thy wife, that wretched Anne
thy wife,
[To K. Rich.

That never flept a quiet hour with thee,
Now fills thy fleep with perturbations:
To-morrow in the battle think on me,
And fall thy edgeless fword; despair, and die !—
Thou, quiet foul, fleep thou a quiet fleep;

Dream of fuccefs and happy victory;

Thy adverfary's wife doth pray for thee. Enter the Ghoft of Buckingham.

Ghoft. The first was I, that help'd thee to the [To K. Riche

crown;

The laft was I, that felt thy tyranny:
O, in the battle think on Buckingham,
And die in terror of thy guiltiness !
Dream on, dream on, of bloody deeds and death;
Fainting, defpair; defpairing, yield thy breath !—
I dy'd for hope, ere I could lend thee aid:

[To Richm But cheer thy heart, and be thou not dismay'd: God and good angels fight on Richmond's fide; And Richard falls in height of all his pride.

[The Ghosts vanifh. [K. Richard ftarts out of his dream. K. Rich. Give me another horse,-bind up

my wounds,-
Have mercy, Jefu!-Soft; I did but dream.-
O coward conscience, how dost thou afflict me!
The lights burn, blue.-Is it not dead midnight ?
Cold fearful drops stand on my trembling flesh.
What do I fear? myfelf? there's none else by:
Richard loves Richard; that is, I am I.

Is there a murd'rer here? No;-Yes; I am :
Then fly,--What, from myfelf? Great reafon : Why ♣
Left I revenge. What? Myfelf on myself?
I love myself. Wherefore? for any good,
That I myself have done unto myself ?
O, no: alas, I rather hate myself,
For hateful deeds committed by myself.
I am a villain: Yet I lye, I am not.
Fool, of thyfelf fpeak well :-Fool, do not flatter.
My confcience hath a thousand several tongues,
And every tongue brings in a feveral tale,
And every tale condemns me for a villain.
Perjury, perjury, in the highest degree,
Murder, itern murder, in the dir'ft degree;
All feveral fins, all us'd in each degree,
Throng to the bar, crying all,-Guilty! guilty!
I shall despair,-There is no creature loves me;
And, if I die, no foul fhall pity me:--
Nay, wherefore should they? fince that I myself
Find in myself no pity to myfelf.
Methought, the fouls of all that I had murder'd
Came to my tent; and every one did threat
To-morrow's vengeance on the head of Richard.
Enter Ratcliff.

Rat. My lord,--
K. Rich. Who's there?

Rat. My lord, 'tis I: The early village cock
Hath twice done falutation to the morn;
Your friends are up, and buckle on their armour.
K. Rick. O, Ratcliff, I have dream'd a fearful
dream!--

What thinkeft thou? will our friends prove all true?
Rat. No doubt, my lord.

K. Rich. Ratcliff, I fear, I fear,

Rat. Nay, good my lord, he not afraid of fhadows.
K. Rich. By the apostle Paul, fhadows to-night
Have ftruck more terror to the foul of Richard,
[To RichmThan can the fubftance of ten thousand foldiers,
Armed in proof, and led by thallow Richmond.

i. c. I died for wishing well to you.

It is not yet near day. Come, go with me
Under our tents; I'll play the eaves-dropper,
To hear, if any mean to fhrink from me.

[men,

K. Rich. He faid the truth: And what faid
Surrey then?

Rat. He fmil'd and faid, the better for our purpose.
K. Rich. He was i' the right; and fo, indeed, it is.
Tell the clock there.-Give me a kalendar.-

[Exeunt K. Richard, and Ratcliff.
Richmond wakes. Enter Oxford, and others.
Lords, Good morrow, Richmond.
Richm. 'Cry mercy, lords, and watchful gentle-Who faw the fun to-day ?
That you have ta'en a tardy fluggard here
Lords. How have you flept, my lord?

Richm. The fweeteft fleep, and faireft-boding
dreams,

That ever enter'd in a drowsy head,
Have I fince your departure had, my lords. [der'd,
Methought, their fouls, whofe bodies Richard mur-
Came to my tent, and cry'd-On! victory!
I promise you, my heart is very jocund
In the remembrance of so fair a dream.
How far into the morning is it, lords?
Lords. Upon the ftroke of four.
Richm. Why, then 'tis time to arm, and give di-
rection.- [He advances to the troops.
More than I have faid, loving countrymen,
The leisure and enforcement of the time
Forbids to dwell upon : Yet remember this,—
God and our good caufe fight upon our fide;
The prayers of holy faints, and wronged fouls,
Like high-rear'd bulwarks, stand before our faces;
Richard except, thofe, whom we fight againft,
Had rather have us win, than him they follow.
For what is he they follow? truly, gentlemen,
A bloody tyrant, and a homicide;

One rais'd in blood, and one in blood establish'd;
One that made means to come by what he hath,
And flaughter'd those that were the means to help
A base foul stone, made precious by the foil [him;
Of England's chair, where he is falfely fet;
One that hath ever been God's enemy:
Then, if you fight against God's enemy,
God will, in juftice, ward you as his foldiers:
If you do fweat to put a tyrant down,
You fleep in peace, the tyrant being flain;
If you do fight against your country's foes,
Your country's fat fhall pay your pains the hire;
If you do fight in fafeguard of your wives,
Your wives fhall welcome home the conquerors;
If you do free your children from the fword,
Your children's children quit it in your age.
Then, in the name of God, and all these rights,
Advance your standards, draw your willing fwords:
For me, the ranfom of my bold attempt
Shall be this cold corpfe on the earth's cold face;
But if I thrive, the gain of my attempt
The leaft of you fhali thare his part thereof.
Sound, drums and trumpets, boldly and cheerfully;
God, and Saint George 2! Richmond, and victory!
[Excunt.

Re-enter King Richard, Ratcliff, &c.
K. Rich. What faid Northumberland, as touching
Richmond?

Rat. That he was never trained up in arms.

Rat. Not I, my lord.

[Clock firikes. [book,

K. Rich. Then he difdains to fhine; for, by the
He fhould have brav'd the east an hour ago:
A black day it will be to fomebody.———
Ratcliff,-

Rut. My lord?

K. Rich. The fun will not be feen to-day;
The fky doth frown and lour upon our army.
I would, thefe dewy tears were from the ground.
Not fhine to-day! Why, what is that to me,
More than to Richmond? for the felf-fame heaven,
That frowns on me, looks fadly upon him.
Enter Norfolk.

field.

Nor. Arm, arm, my lord; the foe vaunts in the
[horie:-
K. Rich. Come, buftle, buftie ;-Caparifon my
Call up lord Stanley, bid him bring his power :-
I will lead forth my foldiers to the plain,
And thus my battle shall be ordered.
My foreward fhall be drawn out all in length,
Confifting equally of horfe and foot;

Our archers fhall be placed in the midft:
John duke of Norfolk, Thomas earl of Surrey,
Shall have the leading of this foot and horse.
They thus directed, we will follow

In the main battle; whofe puiffance on either fide
Shall be well winged with our chiefest horse.
[This, and Saint George to boot 3 !—what think'st
thou, Norfolk ?

Ner. A good direction, warlike fovereign.-
This found I on my tent this morning.

[Giving a forow!. K. Rich. Jacky of Norfolk, be not too bold, [Reads. For Dickan 4 thy mafler 15 bought and fold.

A thing devifed by the enemy.
Go, gentlemen, every man unto his charge:
Let not our babbling dreams affright our fouls;
For confcience is but a word that cowards ute,
Devis'd at firft to keep the strong in awe ;
Our ftrong arms be our confcience, fwords our law.
March on, join bravely, let us to 't pell-mell;
If not to heaven, then hand in hand to heil.—

What fhall I fay more than I have inferr'd?
Remember whom you are to cope withal ;---
A fort of vagabonds, rafcals, and run-aways,
A fcum of Brittains, and bafe lackey peasants,
Whom their o'er-cloyed country vomits forth
To deiperate ventures and affur'd deftruction.
You neeping fate, they bring you to unreft;
You having lands, and bleft with beauteous wives,
They would diftrain the one, diftain the other.
And who doth lead them, but a paltry fellow,
Long kept in Brittaine° at our brother's coft?

1 To make means, in our author's time, always fignified-to come at any thing by indirect practices. 2 Sunt George was the common cry of the English foldiers when they charged the enemy. 3 70 hoot here would feem to mean to help.

• Bretagne.

4 The ancient abbreviation of Richard.

si. e. a company.

A milk

A milk-fop, one that never in his life
Felt fo much cold as over fhoes in fnow?
Let's whip thefe ftragglers o'er the feas again;
Lafh hence thefe over-weening rags of France,
Thefe famish'd beggars, weary of their lives;
Who, but for dreaming on this fond exploit,
For want of means, poor rats, had hang'd themfelves:
If we be conquer'd, let men conquer us,
And not thefe baftard Brittains; whom our fathers
Have in their own land beaten, bobb'd, and thump'd,
And, on record, left them the heirs of shame.
Shall thefe enjoy our lands? lie with our wives?
Ravish our daughters ?-Hark, I hear their drum.
[Drum afar off.
Fight, gentlemen of England! fight, bold yeomen!
Draw, archers, draw your arrows to the head!
Spur your proud horfes hard, and ride in blood;
Amaze the welkin with your broken staves 1
Enter a Meffenger.

What fays lord Stanley? will he bring his power?
Mef. My lord, he doth deny to come.

K. Rich. Off with his fon George's head.

Nor. My lord, the enemy hath past the marsh; After the battle let George Stanley die.

A horfe! a horfe! my kingdom for a horse !

[Exeunt. Alarums. Enter King Richard and Richmond; they fight, Richard is flain.

Retreat, and flourish. Enter Richmond, Stanley, bearing the crown, with divers other Lords. Richm. God, and your arms, be prais'd, victorious friends;

The day is ours, the bloody dog is dead.

Stanl. Courageous Richmond, well haft thon
acquit thee!

Lo, here, thefe long-ufurped royalties
From the dead temples of this bloody wretch
Have I pluck'd off, to grace thy brows withal;
Wear it, enjoy it, and make use of it 3.

Rich. Great God of heaven, fay, Amen, to all !—
But tell me, is young George Stanley living?
Stanl. He is, my lord, and fafe in Leicester town;
Whither, if it please you, we may now withdraw us.
Richm. What men of name are flain on either fide?
Stanl. John duke of Norfolk, Walter lord Ferrers,
Sir Robert Brakenbury, and Sir William Brandon.
Rich. Interr their bodies as becomes their births.
Proclaim a pardon to the foldiers fled,

K. Rich. A thoufand hearts are great within my That in fubmiffion will return to us;

bofom:

Advance our standards, fet upon our foes;
Our ancient word of courage, fair Saint George,
Infpire us with the spleen of fiery dragons!
Upon them! Victory fits on our helms. [Exeunt.

SCENE IV.

Another part of the field.

Alarum. Excurfions. Enter Catesby.
Catef. Refcue, my lord of Norfolk! refcue!
refcue!

The king enacts more wonders than a man,
Daring an oppofite 2 to every danger;
His horfe is flain, and all on foot he fights,
Seeking for Richmond in the throat of death:
Reicue, fair lord, or elfe the day is loft!

Alarum. Enter King Richard.

And then, as we have ta’en the facrament,
We will unite the white rofe and the red:-
Smile heaven upon this fair conjunction,
That long hath frown'd upon their enmity !-
What traitor hears me, and fays not,—Amen?
England hath long been mad, and fcarr'd herself;
The brother blindly fhed the brother's blood,
The father rafhly flaughter'd his own son,
The fon, compell'd, been butcher to the fire;
All this divided York and Lancaster,
Divided, in their dire divifion.

O, now let Richmond and Elizabeth,
The true fucceeders of each royal house,
By God's fair ordinance conjoin together!
And let their heirs (God, if thy will be fo)
Enrich the time to come with fmooth-fac'd peace,
With fmiling plenty, and fair profperous days!
Abate the edge of traitors, gracious Lord,

K. Rich. A horfe! a horfe! my kingdom for a That would reduce these bloody days again,

horfe!

Cates. Withdraw, my lord, I'll help you to a horse.
K. Rich. Slave, I have fet my life upon a caft,
And I will ftand the hazard of the dye :
I think, there be fix Richmonds in the field;
Five have I flain to-day, instead of him :-

And make poor England weep in streams of blood!
Let them not live to taste this land's encrease,
That would with treason wound this fair land's peace!
Now civil wounds are ftopp'd, peace lives again;
That the may long live here, God day—Amen!

[Exeunt.

That is, fright the fkies with the fhivers of your lances. 2 i. c. an adverfary. 3 i. c. don't

abufe it like the tyrant you have destroyed.

KING

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