Piere and Miquelon-Thefe, with their African and Afiatic poffeffions, and their fettlements at Guiana and Cayenne, contain, according to Mr. Necker, 600,000 inhabitants. TO HOLLAND belong the islands of St. Euftatia, Saba and Curracoa. TO DENMARK belong the islands of St. Croix, St. Thomas, and St. John. In these islands the Moravians have useful establishments. Miles. PE*. EUROP E*. Lenth 3000 Between. Breadth 2500 S10° Weft and 65° Eaft Longitude from London. 36° and 72° North Latitude. OUNDED north, by the Frozen Ocean; eaft, by Afia; Boundaries.] B fouth, by the Mediterranean Sea, which divides it from Africa; weft, by the Atlantic Ocean, which feparates it from America. Containing 2,627,574 fquare miles. Divifions, Population Sc.]The following table*, exhibits the latest and most accurate account of the grand divifions of Europe-of their extent, and real and comparative pupulation of any extant. * Zimmerman's Political Survey,' + Exclufive of Ireland. † Of Old Spain alone. Military and marine ftrength.] The land forces of the European ftates, in the year 1783, were as follows: 40,000 in Europe, only - 170,000 Spain (including militia) 60,000 Denmark Great Britain (including · Including the parts of Europe omitted in this calculation, the armies of all the countries of Europe, amount to two millions of men; fo that fup. pofing one hundred and forty millions of inhabitants in Europe, no more than of the whole population are foldiers. Number of Ships of the Line, Frigate Cutters, Sloops, St. Heffe Caffel 15,000 Hanover 20,000 Poland 15,000 Venice 8,000 Wurtenburgh 6,000 The Ecclefiaftical state 5,000 Tuscany 3,000 Religion] The religions of Europe are the Chriftian, the Jewish and the Mahometan. The two firft are fpread all over Europe; the first and laft are the only eftablished ones, the Jewish being merely tolerated. The chief divifions of the Chriftian, are the Greek, the Roman Catholic, and the Proteftant. The Greek religion is established only in Ruffia, and tolerated in fome parts of the Auftrian dominions, in Poland, and chiefly in Turkey; fubdivifions of the Greek church,are the Arminian and Nefto rian church. Of the Roman Catholic church, Janfenifm is a fubdivifion. The Proteftant religion is fubdivided into the Lutheran and Calvinift, or reformed religion: Of the former the Epifcopal church of England and Ireland is a branch: Of the latter the Prefbyterian church of Scotland. There are, befides, many fects adapted to the different degrees of theolo gical knowledge, or to the different warmth of imagination of thofe that adhere to them: The principal of thefe fects are Arminians, Mennonifts, Socinians, Unitarians, Moravian Brethren,Quakers and Methodists. The portion of the furface of the countries, in which the Proteftant religion is established, to thofe in which the Roman Catholic religion prevails, is nearly as 3 to 4: The number of Roman Catholics, according to the best calculations, is about 90,000,000; the number of Proteftants only 24,000,000, which is a proportion of nearly 4 to 1. A concife view of the feveral countries of Europe, proceedingfrom fouth to north, follows. My authorities are Zimmermann and Guthrie. PORTUGA A L. Miles. Breadth 100} Between {370 and 42° North Latitude. and 10° Weft Longitude. Boundaries.] BOUNDED north and eaft, by Spain; south and weft, villages, 3343 parishes. by the Atlantic Ocean. Containing 19 towns, 527 Rivers. Every brook in Portugal is called a river. Its rivers rife in Spain, and run weft through Portugal, into the Atlantic. The most noted is the Tagus. Capital.] LISBON, at the mouth of the Tagus, containing about 150,000 inhabitants. In 1755, it was laid level with the ground by a tremendous earthquake, which was fucceeded by a general conflagration; in which catastrophe upwards of 10,000 people loft their lives. Climate, Productions, and Commerce.] Portugal, fituated in a genial climate, abounds in excellent natural productions, and is well watered. It poffeffes very rich piovinces in, and upon the coaft of Afia, Africa, and America. It is, however, not proportionably powerful; its inhabitants are indigent, and the balance of trade is against it. It is even obliged to import the neceffaries of life; chiefly corn, from other countries. Portugal produces wine, wool, oil, filk, honey, anifeed, fumac, a variety of fme fruits, fome corn, flax, and cork. In 1785, the goods imported from Great-Britain and Ireland into Portugal, confifting of woollens, corn, fish, wood and hard ware, amounted to upwards of .960,00afterling. The English took in return, of the produce of Portugal and Brafil, to the amount of £.728,000 fterling. Only 15 millions of livres are fuppofed to circulate in a country which draws annually upwards of £1,500,000 fterling, or 36 millions of livres, from the mines of Peru. Since the difcovery of these mines, that is, within 60 years, Portugal has brought from Brafil about 2400 millions of livres, or £.100,000,000 fterling. Governmet and Religion.] Since the council of the three eftates, viz. the clergy, the nobility, and the cities, the members of which are nominated by the king, was fubftituted in the room of diets, or meetings of the ftates (which event took place the latter end of the laft century); the government of the kingdom of Portugal has been abfolutely monarchical. The proceedings of the courts of juftice are flow and arbitrary, and the number of lawyers and law officers is exceedingly great. The The state of religion in Portugal is the fame as in Spain. The Portuguefe clergy confift of one Patriarch, a dignity granted to the church of Portugal in the year 1716, of 3 archbishops, and 15 bishops. The whole number of ecclefiaftics is 200,000; 30,000 of which, and fome fay 60,000, are monks and nuns. The number of convents is 745. The number of clerical perfons to that of laymen is I to II. Hiflory.] Portugal was anciently called Lufitania, and inhabited by tribes of wandering people, till it became fubject to the Carthaginians and Phoenicians, who were difpoffeffed by the Romans/250 years before Chrift. In the fifth century it fell under the yoke of the Suevi and Vandals, who were driven out by the Goths of Spain, in the year 589; but when the Moors of Africa made themselves mafters of the greatest part of Spain, in the beginning of the eight century, they, penetrated into Lufitania: there they the established governors, who made themselves kings. After many fruitless attempts made by the kings of Leon on this part of Spain. Alonzo V. king of Caftile and Leon, carried here his victorious arms, and to enfure his conquefts, he gave it, in the year 1088, with the title of count, or earl, to Henry, grandfon of Robert, king of France, who had married Therefa, Alonzo's natural daughter. Henry, was fucceeded in his earldom by his fon Alonzo, who, encouraged by his conqueft over the Moors in the year 1139 affumed the title of king of Portugal. His fucceffors continued till 1580, when, upon the death of Henry furnamed the Cardinal, it was feized upon by Philip the II. king of Spain, after a war of two or three years; but in 1640, the people rebelled, fhook off the Spanish yoke, and elected for their king the duke of Braganza, who took the name of John IV. in whofe family it has ever fince remained independent of Spain. Her prefent Majeffy's name in Mary Frances Iffabella, who acceded to the throne in the year 1777. Miles. } Length 700 Between SPAIN. 36° and 44° North Latitude. Boundaries.] B by the Bay of Bifcay and the Pyrenean mountains, OUNDED west, by Portugal and the Atlantic; north which divide it from France; eaft and fouth, by the Mediterranean fea, and the Straits of Gibraltar. Spain is divided into 14 diftricts, in which are 139 towns, and 21,083 villages and boroughs. Rivers.] The Deuro, the Tagus, the Guadiana the Guadalquiver, all which fall into the Atlantic ocean, and the Ebro, the ancient Iberus, which falls into the Mediterranean. Capital.] MADRID, fituated on a branch of the river Tagus, containing 140,000 inhabitants. CADIZ, fituated on the Atlantic; a little to |
