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The power of impeaching officers of the state is vefted in the house of representatives.

The lieutenant-governor, and a majority of the privy-council, exercise the powers of a court of chancery.

Juftices of the peace are nominated by the fenate and reprefentatives, jointly, and commiffioned by the governor during pleasure.

All other judicial officers are chofen by the fenate and representatives, jointly and (except the judges of the court of chancery) commiffioned by the governor during good behaviour.

All religious focieties, who acknowledge that there is one God-a future ftate of rewards and punishments, and that God is to be publickly worshipped, are freely tolerated.

The liberty of the prefs is to be preserved inviolate.

No part of this conftitution is to be altered, without a notice of ninety days being previously given, nor then, without the consent of a majority of the members of the fenate and houfe of reprefentatives.

Laws.] The laws of this state have nothing in them of a particular na ture, excepting what arifes from the permiffion of flavery. The evidence of a flave cannot be taken against a white man, and the mafter who kills his flave is not punishable, otherwise than by a pecuniary mulct, and 12 months imprisonment.

In an act of this ftate for regulating and fixing the falaries of feveral officers, paffed in March 1787, it was ordered that the governor should receive a falary of

Four affociate judges, L. 500 each
Attorney general,

Three delegates to congrefs, L. 600 each
Auditor of public accounts,

Commiffioners of the treasury,

Other falaries of public officers mentioned in faid

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£. 900 fterling.

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State of Literature.] Gentlemen of fortune, before the late war, fent their fons to Europe for education. During the war and fince, they have generally sent them to the middle and northern states. Those who have been at this expence in educating their fons, have been but comparatively few in number, fo that the literature of the state is at a low ebb. Since the peace, however, it has begun to flourish. There are feveral flourishing academies in Charleston-one at Beaufort, on Port Royal island— and several others in different parts of the ftate. Three colleges have lately been incorporated by law-one at Charleston, which is merely nominal-one at Winnfborough, in the district of Camden--the other at Cambridge, in the diftrict of Ninety-fix. The public and private donations for the fupport of thefe three colleges, were originally intended to have been appropriated jointly, for the crecting and fupporting of one refpectable college. The divifion of thefe donations has fruftrated this defign. The Mount Sion college, at Winnsborough, is fupported by a refpectable fo

ciety of gentlemen, who have long been incorporated. This inftitution flourishes, and bids fair for usefulness. The college at Cambridge is no more than a grammar fchool. That the literature of this ftate might be put upon a respectable footing, nothing is wanting but a fpirit of enterprize among its wealthy inhabitants.

Indians.] The Catabaws are the only nation of Indians in this state. They have but one town, called Catabaw, fituated on Catabaw river, in Tatitude 34° 49′, on the boundary line between North and South-Carolina, and contains about 450 inhabitants, of which about 150 are fighting men.

Religion. The people of this ftate, by the conftitution, are to enjoy the right of electing their own paftors or clergy; and what is peculiar to this ftate, the minifter, when chofen, is required by the constitution, to fubfcribe to the following declaration, (viz.) ‹ That he is determined, by God's grace, out of the holy scriptures, to inftruct the people committed to his charge, and to teach nothing (as required of neceffity to eternal falvation) but that which he fhall be perfuaded may be concluded and proved from the fcripture; that he will use both public and private admonitions, as well to the fick as to the whole, within his cure, as need fhall require, and occafion shall be given, and that he will be diligent in prayers, and in reading of the holy fcriptures, and in fuch studies as help to the knowledge of the fame-that he will be diligent to frame his own felf and family according to the doctrine of Christ, and to make both himself and them, as much as in him lieth, wholesome examples and patterns to the flock of Chrift; that he will maintain and fet forward as much as he can, quietness, peace, and love among all people, and especially among those that are or fhall be committed to his charge.'

Since the revolution, by which all denominations were put on an equal footing there have been no disputes between different religious societies. They all agree to differ..

The upper parts of this ftate are fettled chiefly by Presbyterians, Baptifts and Methodists. From the moft probable calculations, it is fuppofed that the religious denominations of this ftate, as to numbers, may be ranked as follows: Prefbyterians, including the Congregational and Independent churches-Epifcopalians, Baptifts, Methodists, &c.

Population and Character. The beft eftimate of the inhabitants in this ftate which has been made, fixes their number at 80,000 white people, and as many negroes-fome fay there is 120,000 negroes in this state; but no actual cenfus has lately been made. On the fea coaft there are many more flaves than freemen. The bulk of the white population is in the western parts of the state. There is no peculiarity in the manners of the inhabitants of this ftate, except what arifes from the mischievous influence of flavery; and in this, indeed, they do not differ from the inhabitants of the other fouthern states. Slavery, by exempting great numbers from the neceffities of labour, leads to luxury, diffipation and extravagance. The abfolute authority which is exercifed over their flaves, too much favours a haughty, fupercilious behaviour. A difpofition to obey the chriftian precept, To do to others as we would that others fhould do unto us,' is not cherished by a daily exhibition of many made for one. The Carolinians fooner arrive at maturity, both in their bodies and minds, than the natives of colder climates. They poffefs a natural quickness and vivacity of

genius fuperior to the inhabitants of the north; but too generally want that enterprize and perfeverance, which are neceflary for the highest attainments in the arts and sciences. They have, indeed, few motives to enterprize. Inhabiting a fertile country, which by the labor of the flaves, produces plentifully, and creates affluence-in a climate which favors indulgence, eafe, and a difpofition for convivial pleasures, they too generally reft contented with barely knowledge enough to tranfact the common affairs of life. There are not a few inftances, however, in this state, in which genius has been united with application, and the effects of their union have been happily experienced, not only by this ftate, but by the United States.

The wealth produced by the labor of the flaves, furnishes their proprietors with the means of hospitality; and no people in the world use these means with more liberality. Many of the inhabitants fpare no pains nor expence in giving the highest polish of education to their children, by enabling them to travel, aud by other means unattainable to those who have but moderate fortunes.

The Carolinians are generally affable and eafy in their manners, and polite and attentive to ftrangers. The ladies want the bloom of the north, but have an engaging foftness and delicacy in their appearance and manners, and many of them poffefs the polite and elegant accomplishments. Hunting is the most fashionable amufement in this ftate. At this the country gentlemen are extremely expert, and with furprifing dexterity purfue their game through the woods. Theatrical exhibitions have been prohibited in Charleft wn. Gaming of all kinds is more discountenanced among fashionable people in this, than in any of the fouthern ftates. Twice a year, ftatedly, a clafs of fportive gentlemen, in this and the neighbouring ftates, have their horfe-races. Bets of ten and fifteen hundred guineas are fometimes laid on thefe occafions.

There is no inftance, perhaps, in which the richer clafs of people trefpaís more on propriety than in the mode of conducting their funerals. That a decent respect be paid to the dead, is the natural dictate of refined humanity; but this is not done by fumptuous and extenfive entertainments, fplended decorations, and pompous ceremonies, which a mifguided fashion has here introduced and rendered neceffary. In Charleston and other parts of the state, no perfons attend a funeral any more than a wedding, unless they are particularly invited. Wine, punch, and all kinds of liquors, tea, coffee, cake, &c. in profufion, are handed round on these folemn occafions. In fhort, one would fuppofe that the religious proverb of the wife man, It is better to go to the houfe of mourning than to the house of feafting,' would be unintelligible. and wholly inapplicable here, as it would be difficult to distinguish the house of mourning from the house of feafting.

The Jews in Charlefton, among other peculiarities in burying their dead, have this: After the funeral dirge is fung, and juft before the corpfe is depofited in the grave, the coffin is opened, and a fmall bag of earth, taken from the grave, is carefully put under the head of the deceased; then fome powder, faid to be earth brought from Jerufalem, and carefully kept for this purpofe, is taken and put upon the eyes of the corpfe, in token of their remembrance of the holy land, and of their expectations of returning thither in God's appointed time.

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Military

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Military Strength.] There are about 20,000 fighting men in this ftate. About 10 men are kept to guard Fort Johnfon, on James Ifland, at the entrance of Charleston harbour, by which no veffel can pafs, unless the mafter or mate make oath that there is no malignant diftemper on board. Thefe 10 men are the only standing force of this ftate. The militia laws, enacting that every freeman between 16 and 50 years of age, fhall be prepared for war, have been but indifferently obeyed fince the peace.

Public Revenue and Expences.] The public revenue of this state is, nominally, about £.90,000 fterling. But a great part of this is either not collected, or paid in public fecurities, which are much depreciated. The expences of government are about £.16,000 fterling.

Mode of Levying Taxes.] There is a general impoft of 3 per cent. and other impofts varying from 3 to 10 per cent. payable on the importation of merchandize from foreign countries. The great bulk of the revenue of the ftate, is raised by a tax on lands and negroes. The lands, for the purpofe of being taxed according to their value, are divided into three grand divifions; the first reaches from the fea coaft to the extent of the flowing of the tides; the second from thefe points to the falls of the rivers; and thence to the utmoft verge of the western fettlement makes the third. These grand divifions, for the fake of more exactly afcertaining the value of the lands, are subdivided into 21 different fpecies. The most valuable of which is estimated at fix pounds, and the leaft valuable at one fhilling per acre. One per cent. on the value thus eftirated, is levied from all granted lands in the state. The collection of taxes is not annexed to the office of fheriff, but is committed to particular gentlemen appointed for that purpose.

Eftimate of Damages fuftained in the late War.] The damages which this ftate fuftained in the late war are thus eftimated. The two entire crops of 1780 and 1781, both of which were used by the British-The crop of 1782 taken by the Americans-About 25,000 negroes-Many thousands of pounds worth of plate, and houfhold furniture in abundance.-The villages of George-town and Camden burnt- -The lofs to the citizens directly by the plunderings and devaftations of the British army-and indirectly by American impreffments, and by the depreciation of the paper currency, together with the heavy debt of £.1,200,000 fterling, incurred for the fupport of the war, in one aggregate view, make the price of independance to South Carolina, exclufive of the blood of its citizens, upwards of £3,000,000 fterling.

State of the Practice of Phyfic.] The practice of Phyfic throughout the ftate, is reputable, particularly in Charleston, which contains more regular bred phyficians, in proportion to its numbers, than any city in the United States. It is to be lamented, however, that, in common with the other parts of America, extraordinary merit is unrewarded, and perfons of real fkill rarely fare better, and fometimes worse, than those of moderate talents and contracted education,

Commerce.

Commerce.] The little attention that is paid to manufactures occafions a vast consumption of foreign imported articles; but the quantities and value of their exports generally leave a balance in favour of the ftate, except when there are large importations of negroes. The following lift of exports, which was copied from the custom-house books in Charleston, will give an accurate and fatisfactory idea of the variety and quantity of articles exported from the port of Charleston.

General EXPORTS from Charleston, South-Carolina, from November, 1786, to November, 1787.

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AMERICAN produce imported into, and exported from, Charleston.

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