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mouth of this creek is the center of a piece of ground, the diameter of which is 5 miles, ceded by the fouthern Indians at the treaty at Hopwell, on Keeowee, to the United States for the establishment of trading posts.

At Nashville, the inferior and fuperior courts of the county are held, in which good order is observed, and justice speedily and fatisfactorily adminiftered. Two houses in this town are fet apart for divine worship, in which divine service is regularly performed on the fabbath.

The legislature of North-Carolina, at their feffion in the year 1786, paffed a law for the establishment of an academy in this town, with liberal endowments.

It is to be obferved that this county, though it lies upwards of 200 miles west of what is commonly called the ftate of Franklin, never departed from her allegiance to the ftate of North-Carolina, but continued to fend her members to the legislature, although they had to pafs through the ftate of Franklin.

The following are the distances on the new road from Nashville, in Davidfon county, to Fort Campbell, near the junction of Holstein river with the Tenneffee.

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By this new road, a pleasant paffage may be had to the western country with carriages, as there will be only the Cumberland mountain to pass; and that is eafy of afcent-and beyond it, the road is generally level and firm; abounding with fine fprings of water.

Hiftory.] The hiftory of North-Carolina is lefs known than that of any of the other states. From the best accounts that hiftory affords, the first permanent fettlement in North-Carolina was made about the year 1710, by a number of Palatines from Germany, who had been reduced to circumftances of great indigence, by a calamitous war. The proprietors of Carolina, knowing that the value of their lands depended on the strength

of

of their fettlements, determined to give every poffible encouragement to fuch emigrants. Ships were accordingly provided for their tranfportation and inftructions were given to governor Tynte to allow an hundred acres of land for every man, woman and child, free of quit-rents for the first ten years; but at the expiration of that term, to pay one penny per acre, annual rent for ever, according to the ufages and cuftoms of the province. Upon their arrival, Governor Tynte granted them a tract of land in North-Carolina, fince called Albemarle and Bath precincts, where they fettled, and flattered themfelves with having found, in the hideous wilderness, a happy retreat from the defolations of a war which then raged in Europe.

In the year 1712, a dangerous confpiracy was formed by the Coree and Tufcorora tribes of Indians, to murder and expel this infant colony. The foundation for this confpiracy is not known. Probably they were offended at the encroachments upon their hunting ground. They managed their confpiracy with great cunning and profound fecrecy. They furrounded their principal town with a breft-work to fecure their families. Here the warriors convened to the number of 1200. From this place of rendezvous they fent out fmall parties, by different roads, who entered the fettlement under the mafk of friendship. At the change of the full moon, all of them had agreed to begin their murderous operations the fame night. When the night came, they entered the houfes of planters, demanding provifions, and pretending to be offended, fell to murdering men, women and children without mercy or diftinction. One hundred and thirty-feven fettlers, among whom were a Swifs baron, and almost all the poor Palatines that had lately come into the country, were flaughtered the first night. Such was the fecrecy and difpatch of the Indians in this expedition, that none knew what had befallen his neighbour, until the barbarians had reached his own door. Some few, however, efcaped, and gave the alarm.The militia affembled in arms, and kept watch day and night, until the news of the faid difafter had reached the province of South-Carolina. Governor Craven loft no time in fending a force to their relief. -The affembly voted .4000 for the fervice of the war. A body of 600 militia, under the command of Colonel Barnwell, and 366 Indians of different tribes, with different commanders, marched with great expedition through a hideous wilderness, to their affiftance. In their first encounter with the Indians, they killed 300, and took 100 prifoners. After this defeat, the Tufcororas retreated to their fortified town--which was fhortly after furrendered to colonel Barnwell. In this whole expedition it was computed that near a thousand Tufcororas were killed, wounded and taken... The remainder of the tribe foon after abandoned their country, and joined the Five Nations, with whom they have ever fince remained. After this the infant colony remained in peace, and continued to flourish under the general government of South-Carolina, till about the year 1729, when feven of the proprietors, for a valuable confideration*, veited their property and jurifdiction in the crown, and the colony was erected into a feperate province, by the name of North-Carolina and its prefent limits

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established by an order of George II. From this period to the revolution in 1776, the history of North-Carolina is unpublished, and of courfe unknown, except to those who have had access to the records of the province. Some of the most important events that have fince taken place, have been already mentioned in the general hiftory of the United States.

In the year 1785, the inhabitants of the counties of Sullivan, Washington and Greene, which lie directly weft of the mountains in this ftate, convened in committees-appointed and held a convention-framed a conftitution-elected their governor-and in fhort erected themfelves into a feparate, independent state, by the name of the New State of Franklin. This premature ftate, was to comprehend all that tract of country which lies between the mountains and the Suck or Whirl, in the Tenneffee river. Thefe proceedings occafioned great confufions and warm difputes in North-Carolina, which continued to rage till the year 1788, when alf pretenfions to independency were relinquifhed, and tranquillity was reftored to the state.

The western and frontier fettlements, for fome time past, have been, and still are harraffed by the Creek and Cherokee Indians, who have done confiderable damage, and killed many of the inhabitants. The latest accounts from this state are, that the affembly have voted to raise an army of 1500 men, not only to prevent the incurfions of the enemy, but to carry war into their own country, and to compel them to fue for peace.

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Boundaries.] B North Carolina; fouth-west and fouth, by Savannah

OUNDED east, by the Atlantic ocean; north, by

river, which divides it from Georgia. The western boundary has not yet, with accuracy, been ascertained *

Climate.] The climate is different in different parts of the state. Along the fea-coaft, bilious diseases and fevers of all kinds are prevalent between July and October. The probability of dying is much greater between

* See History.

the

the 20th of June and the 20th of October, than in the other eight months

in the year.

One cause of these diseases is, a low marshy country, which is overflowed for the fake of cultivating rice. The exhalations from these stagnated waters from the rivers-and from the neighbouring ocean-and the profufe perfpiration of vegetables of all kinds, which cover the ground, fill the air with moisture. This moisture falls in frequent rains, and copious dews. From actual observation it was found that the average annual fall of rain for ten years was 42 inches; without regarding the moisture that fell in fogs and dews. The great heat of the day relaxes the body, and the agreeable coolenefs of the evening invites to an expofure of these heavy dews. But a fecond, and probably a more operative caufe in producing diseases, is the indolence of the inhabitants. On this, phyficians fay, more than on any unavoidable injurious qualities in the air, are chargeable the difeafes fo common in this country. The upper country, fituated in the medium, between heat and cold, is as healthful as any part of the United States.

Rivers.] This ftate is watered by four large, navigable rivers, befides a great number of fmaller ones, which are paffable in boats. The river Savannah washes it in its whole length from north-weft to fouth-eaft. The Edifto rifes in two branches from a remarkable ridge in the interior part of the state. Thefe branches unite a little below Orangeburgh, which ftands on the Nork Folk, and form Edisto river, which, having paffed Jackfonfburgh, branches and embraces Edifto ifland.

Santee is the largest and longest river in this ftate. It empties into the ocean by two mouths, a little fouth of Georgetown. About 120 miles, in a direct line from its mouth, it branches into the Congaree and Wateree; the latter or northern branch paffes the Catabaw nation of Indians, and bears the name of the Catabaw river from this fettlement to its fource. The Congaree branches into Saluda and Broad rivers. Broad river again branches into Enoree, Tyger and Pacolet rivers; on the latter of which are the celebrated Pacolet Springs. Juft below the junction of Saluda and Broad Rivers, on the Congaree, ftands the town of COLUMBIA, which is intended to be the future feat of government in this state.

Pedee river rifes in North-Carolina, where it is called Yadkin river. In this ftate however, it takes the name of Pedee, and receiving Lynche's creek and Wakkamaw river, paffes by George-town, which it leaves on the caft, and 12 miles below, it empties into the ocean. All the forementioned rivers, except Edifto, rife from various fources in that ridge of mountains which divides the waters which flow into the Atlantic Ocean from thofe which fall into the Miffifippi.

The rivers of a fecondary fize, many of which are no more than arms of the fea; the others rifing from fwamps or favannahs, are Caafaw, Combahee, Wakkamaw, Afhley, Cooper and Black rivers.

The tide, in no part of the state, flows more than 25 miles from the fea shore.

Mountains.] The Tryon and Hogback mountains, are 220 miles northweft from Charleston, in latitude 35°, and longitude 6o 30' from Philadelphia. The elevation of these mountains above their bafe is 3840 feet; and above the sea-coaft 4640.-The afcent from the fea-fhore being

And

eight times as great as the difference between the sphere of the horizon and that of an even plane, there is exhibited from the top of thefe mountains an extensive view of this ftate, North-Carolina and Georgia. as no object intervenes to obftruct the view, a man with telescopic eyes, might difcern veffels at fea. The mountains welt and north-weft rife much higher than these, and from a ridge, which divides the waters of Tennesfee and Santee rivers.

Harbours. The only harbours of note are thofe of Charleston, Port Royal and George-town. Charleston harbour is spacious, convenient and fafe. It is formed by the junction of Afhly and Cooper rivers. Its entrance is guarded by Fort Johnfon. Twelve miles from the city is a bar, over which are four channels: One by the name of Ship Channel, has 18 feet water; another 161, the other two are for smaller vellels. The tide rifes about 9 feet. Port Royal as an excellent harbour, of fufficient extent to contain the largest fleet in the world.

The entrance into George-town harbour is impaffable to large ships, which is a great obftruction to the growth of that place.

Iflands.] The fea coaft is bordered with a chain of fine fea islands, around which the fea flows, opening an excellent inland navigation for the conveyance of produce to market.

The principal of thefe are James Ifland, oppofite Charleston, on which are about 50 families.- Further fouth-weft is John's Ifland, larger than James. Next is Edifto. Each of these islands has a Prefbyterian church. On the other fide of St. Helena found, from Elifto, lies a cluster of islands, one of the largest of which is Port Royal. Adjacent to Port Royal lie St. Helena, Ladies Ifland, Paris Ifland, and the Hunting Iflands, 5 or 6 in number, bordering on the ocean, fo called from the number of deer and other wild game found upon them; and over across Broad river, is Hilton Head Island. All these islands, except the three first mentioned, belong to St. Helena parish.

The foil and natural growth of these islands are not noticeably different from the adjacent main land. They are in general favorable for the culture of indigo.

Civil Divifions.] The proprietors who firft fent fettlers to Carolina, divided it into counties and parishes. The counties were generally named after the proprietors. No county courts, however, were established, and this divifion, though for a long time kept up in the province, became in a great measure obfolete, previous to the revolution. Since the revolution, county courts have been established, and this state is now divided into diftricts and counties-and the counties are subdivided; in the lower country, into parishes-and in the upper country, into fmaller or voting dif

tricts.

There are seven diftricts, in which are 35 counties, as follow:

Counties.

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