The other public buildings in the city, befides the university, acade

mies, &c. already mentioned, are the following viz.

The ftate-house is in Chefnut-ftreet, between Fifth and Sixth ftreets, and was erected in 1735. The building is rather magnificent than elegant. The state-house yard is a neat, elegant, and spacious public walk, ornamented with rows of trees; but a high brick wall, which encloses it, limits the profpect.

In 1787, an elegant court-houfe was erected on the left of the statehoufe; and on the right a philofophical hall. These add much to the beauty of the fquare.

South of the ftate-house is the public gaol, built of stone. It has a ground half ftory, and two ftories above it. Every apartment is arched with ftone against fire and force. It is a hollow fquare, 100 feet in front, and is the most elegant and secure building of the kind in America. To the gaol is annexed a work-house, with yards to each to separate the fexes, and criminals from debtors.

The hofpital and poor-house, in which are upwards of 300 poor people, whether we confider the buildings, or the defigns for which they were erected, are unrivalled in America.

The German church, lately erected, is one of the most elegant churches in America. Mr. D. Taneberger, one of the united brethren's fociety at Litiz, a great mechanical genius, is erecting a large organ, of more than thirty ftops, for this church.

In Market-ftreet, between Front and Fourth-ftreets, is the principal market, built of brick, and is 1500 feet in length. This market, in refpect to the quantity, the variety and neatness of the provisions, is not equalled in America, and perhaps not exceeded in the world.

The Philadelphians are not fo focial, nor perhaps fo hospitable as the people in Boston, Charleston and New-York. Various causes have con

*One of thefe houfes is for thofe Quakers who took up arms in defence of their country, in the late war, contrary to the established principles of the Friends. They call themselves Free Quakers.

+ This is the oldest church in or near the city, and has lately been annexed to the Epifcopal order.

tributed

tributed to this difference, among which the most operative has been the prevalence of party spirit, which has been, and is carried to greater lengths in this city than in any other in America: Yet no city can boast of fo many useful improvements in manufactures, in the mechanical arts, in the art of healing, and particularly in the fcience of humanity. The tradesmen and manufacturers have become fo numerous, that they are beginning to affociate for mutual improvement, and to promote regularity and uniformity in their feveral occupations. The carpenters, the cordwainers, the taylors, the watch-makers, the joiners, and hair-dressers, have already affociated, and others are forming into companies upon the fame plan.

The Philadelphians have exerted their endeavours, with happy and growing fuccefs, to prevent the intemperate ufe of fpirituous liquors. In accomplishing this benevolent purpofe, on which fo much of the profperity and glory of our empire depend, every good citizen in the union will cheerfully lend his aid and influence. As one important step towards effecting their defign, they are discountenancing diftilleries, which are of courfe declining, and encouraging breweries, which are faft increafing. The increafe of the confumption of beer, in the courfe of a few years paft, in every part of America, and particularly in Pennfylvania, has been aftonishing. It has become a fashionable drink, and it is not improbable but that in a few years it will come into univerfal ufe among all claffes of people. In proportion as the use of beer increases, in the fame proportion will the ufe of fpirituous liquors decreafe. This will be a happy exchange.

In fhort, whether we confider the convenient local fituation, the fize, the beauty, the variety and utility of the improvements in mechanics, în agriculture and manufactures, or the induftry, the enterprize, the humanity and the abilities of the inhabitants of the city of Philadelphia, it merits to be viewed as the capital of the flourishing EMPIRE OF UNITED AMERICA.

LANCASTER is the largest inland town in America. It is the feat of juftice in Lancaster county, and stands on Conestogo creek, 66 miles, a Jittle to the north of the weft from Philadelphia. Its trade is already Jarge; and muft increafe in proportion as the furrounding country populates. It contains about 900 houfes, befides a most elegant courtHouse, a number of handfome churches and other public buildings, and about 4,500 fouls.

CARLISLE is the feat of juftice in Cumberland county, and is 120 miles weftward of Philadelphia. It contains upwards of 1500 inhabitants, who live in near 300 ftone houfes, and worship in three churches. They have alfo a court-houfe and a college. Thirty-four years ago, this fpot was a wilderness, and inhabited by Indians and wild beafts. A like inftance of the rapid progress of the arts of civilized life is scarcely to be found in hiftory.

PITTSBURGH, on the western fide of the Allegany mountains, is 320 miles weftward of Philadelphia, is beautifully fituated on a point of land between the Allegany and Monongahela rivers, and about a quarter of a mile above their confluence, in lat. 40° 26' north. It contained in 1787, 140 houfes, and 700 inhabitants, who are Prefbyterians and Epif

copalians,

copalians. The furrounding country is very hilly, but fertile, and well ftored with excellent coal. The rivers abound with fine fish, fuch as pike, perch, and cat-fifh, which are all much larger than the same species on the eastern fide of the mountains.

This town is laid out on Penn's plan, and is a thoroughfare for the incredible number of travellers from the eastern and middle ftates, to the fettlements on the Ohio, and increafes with aftonishing rapidity.

Trade, manufactures and agriculture.] On the fubject of exports nothing can be furnished more accurate and complete, than what is given in the American Museum for September, 1788, which follows:

Exports from Philadelphia in the years 1765, 1771, 1772, 1773, 1784,

Bufhels of wheat,
Barrels of flour,
Barrels of bread,
M.ftaves and heading,
M. fhingles,
Bushels of Indian corn
Tons of iron,

1787.

| 1765 | 1771 1772 1773 1784 1787 367,522 51,699 92,012 182,391 24,490 32,957 148,887 252,744 284,872 265,967201,365 193,720 34,736 38,320 50,504 48,183 28,525 26,953 4,270 6,188 5,867 5,141 4,083 4,333 2,114 1,937 1,765 5,254

1,197

60,206 259,441159,625 179,217 73,527193,943
1,695 2,358 2,205 1,564
1,564 1,144
1,644 2,936

Boxes of foap,

3,231 3-743 1,733

1,544

M. hoops,

97 195

978

1,245

319

Hhds. of tobacco,

16

4,808

M.boards & fcantling,

2,625

Barrels of beer,

604

238 349 1,033 700

87,681110,412 85,794 68,681 71,592 98,012

220

64

Pounds of do.

314

161

170

1,347

2,532

7,254 5,059 3,849 8,587 2,354 4,160

63 204

1,062

13,172

778

6,050

782 1,062 6,989 7,663

79

24

42

108,441 142,962 63,255)

169

4251

195

93

164

37

In the year 1787, befides the above articles, the following were exported:

Carriages of different kinds,

The following remarks of a well informed citizen of Philadelphia, are given as a proper illuftration of the foregoing accounts.

It is well known, that a confiderable part of the fouthern ftates have been in the habit of receiving their fupplies of foreign commodities through this city; and that, of confequence, the tranfportation of these articles must have formed a confiderable part of the commerce of this port. Many of these articles might be ascertained with accuracy; whilft the value and quantity of others could not, from their nature, be estimated, under our present export laws. But as the object here chiefly regards articles of American produce or manufacture, all others are excluded from the lift of exports for 1787. It will be fufficient to enumerate a few of the foreign articles, from which it will appear, that the observations on this head are ill founded. From Europe we import, among other articles, wines, brandy, geneva, falt, fruit, drugs, and dry goods of every kind; from the Weft-Indies, rum, fugar, coffee, cotton, and falt; and from the Eaft-Indies, teas, fpices, China ware, and dry goods; all of which articles are again exported to other parts of this continent, and the West-Indies, to a very confiderable amount.

On a comparison of the exports of the last year, with those of the former years in the foregoing table, it will appear, that many articles, of which a confiderable value is now exported, were either not shipped at all, or to a very small amount, in those years, whilft fome others are confiderably fhort of the quantity then exported. The first of these facts may be attributed to the great improvements recently made in the agriculture and manufactures of this ftate; whilft the latter is in many inftances to be accounted for, from caufes rather beneficial than injurious to the profperity of this country.

Much of the provifions which were in the period antecedent to the late conteft, fhipped to foreign markets, is now confumed by the numerous

hands