In other words, his possessions filled a considerable portion of the territory between the Rhine, the Baltic, the Elbe, and the Tyber.

Unfortunately for him, in the quarrels between the pope and the emperor Frederick Barbarossa, he sided with the former. The emperor confiscated his possessions; but returned him his allodial estates in Brunswick, Hanover, and Lunenburgh: he died in 1195. By his first wife, he had no issue male his second, was Maud, the daughter of Henry the second of England. By her, he had several sons; all of whom died, except William, called of Winchester, from his being born in that city. William of Winchester had issue Otho, called puer, or the boy.

At the decease of Otho the boy, the partition of this illustrious house commences. An outline of it appears in a table, in the writer's History of the Revolutions of the German Empire: it shows the Guelphic genealogy, from the marriage of Azo with Cunegunda to the present time.

The subject of these sheets leads only to the Lunenburgh branches of the Guelphic shoot of the Estesine line.

On the death of Otho the boy, Brunswick and Lunenburgh, the only remains of the splendid possessions of William the proud, were divided between his two sons, John and Albert: Lunenburgh was assigned to the former, Brunswick to the latter: thus the former became the patriarch of what is called the old house of Lunenburgh. Otho his son, received Hanover, as a fief from William Sigefred the bishop of Hildesheim. Otho had four sons;

Otho his first son, succeeded him; and dying without issue, was succeeded by his brother William with-the-large-feet. He died in 1369, without male issue; the two other sons of Otho the father, also died without male issue.

Thus, there was a general failure of issue male of John, the patriarch of the old house of Lunenburgh. By the influence of the emperor Charles the fourth, Otho elector of Saxony, who had married Elizabeth, the daughter of William, succeeded to the dutchy. He died without issue, and left it, by his will, to his uncle Winceslaus elector of Saxony. It was contested with him by Torquatus Magnus duke of Saxony-the contest ended in a compromise; under which Bernard, the eldest son of Torquatus Magnus, obtained it, and became the patriarch of the middle house of Lunenburgh: he died in 1434. After several descents, it vested in Ernest of Zell :-he introduced the Lutheran religion into his states.

After his decease, his sons Henry and William for some time reigned conjointly; but William persuaded his brother to content himself with the country of Danneburgh, while he himself reigned over all the rest, and thus became the patriarch of the new house of Brunswick-Lunenburgh.

He left seven sons; they agreed to cast lots which should marry, and to reign according to their seniority. The lot fell to George, the sixth of the sons: Frederick was the survivor.

On his decease, the dutchy descended to ErnestAugustus, the son of George, with whom the electoral house of Lunenburgh commences. His reign

is remarkable for two circumstances; his advancement to the electoral dignity, and the act of the British parliament, which appointed his wife Sophia to be the royal stem of the protestant succession to the throne of Great Britain and Ireland.

LXIX. 3.

Their British Monarchy.

On the demise of queen Anne, George, the son of Sophia, then dutchess dowager of Hanover, succeeded to the British monarchy..

The house of Brunswick-Lunenburgh is now divided into two branches, the German and the English. The former, under the title of Bruns wick-Lunenburgh and Wolfenbottel, possesses the dutchies of Brunswick and Wolfenbottel, and the countries of Blanckenburgh and Reinskin, and reckons 160,000 subjects: the English, under the title of Brunswick-Lunenburgh and Hanover, possesses the electoral dignity, the electorate of Hanover, the dutchies of Lunenburgh, Zell, Calemberg, Grubenhagen, Deepholt, Bentheim, Lawenburgh, Bremen, and Verdun; and counts 740,000 subjects.

The most remarkable events in the history of the English line of the house of Lunenburgh, are thus summarily mentioned by Mr. Noble, in his Genealogical History of the present Royal Families of Europe:

"Ernest-Augustus, duke of Brunswick-Lunen"burgh, married, 1650, to Sophia, grand-daughter "of king James the first, and daughter of Eliza'beth, princess-royal of Great Britain. By the

C

"treaty of Westphalia he obtained, that one of "his family should be elected bishop of Osna"burgh alternately with one of the roman-catholic "religion; and accordingly, upon the death of "cardinal Wirtemberg in 1668, he became bishop "of that see in 1692, he was raised to the dignity ❝ of elector, which was to descend to his family; "the office of great standard-bearer was to have "been added to it by the emperor Leopold, but "he was prevented doing it by the ducal house of "Wirtemberg's protesting against it; the house of "Hanover now is the only electoral family without "an hereditary office; but they have assumed that "of arch-treasurer of the empire. He died at "Herenhausen, February 3, 1698.

"George-Lewis succeeded his father in the elec"torate of Hanover and dutchy of Brunswick"Lunenburgh; and upon the death of his uncle "and father-in-law, George-William, to that of Zell, and upon that of queen Anne, to the king"dom of Great Britain: he died suddenly at "Osnaburg, June 11th, 1727. He was one of the

most fortunate princes that has lived in Europe, "which his prudence and valour entitled him to : his predilection for Hanover, though natural, was "much disliked by his other subjects.

"George-Augustus the second, created prince "of Wales 1714, succeeded to Great Britain and "Hanover, and died suddenly, October 25, 1760, "in the height of glory: he was a just and merci"ful prince, but resembled his father in his too great attachment to his electoral dominions.

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"Frederick-Lewis, prince of Wales, came into England 1729, died March 20th 1750, universally regretted.

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George the third, created prince of Wales 1751, succeeded October 25, 1760, crowned September 22, 1761, gave peace to Europe 1762, "to the blessings of which he devoted his reign "till it was fatally disturbed by the rebellion in "America. France and Spain having espoused "their cause, a war was declared against them, " and lately his majesty found it expedient to com"mence hostilities with Holland, for her perfidious "conduct to her old ally. His majesty is, in an "eminent degree, religious, just, and merciful; his conjugal and paternal tenderness, his taste for "and patronage of the fine arts, are universally "known and acknowledged."

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LXIX. 4.

Miscellaneous Facts relating to the Guelphic Family.

popes

and the empe

THE Contests between the rors, to which we have referred, in a preceding part of this article, divided both Italy and Germany into parties. The Guelphs took part with the former, and were among their greatest supports. One of the most important battles in this conflict, was fought between Guelph, the eighth of that name, and Frederick of Weiflingen duke of Suabia, a partisan of the emperor;-the opposite shouts of Hye Guelph! Hye Ghibellin!-(so the Italians pronounced Weiflingen),-gave those names to the