There is another significant migration that we must speak of. Few people realize either the size or the influence of the remarkable movement of American students to Germany which came to its height in the 90's. It is estimated that fully 5,000 Americans went to Germany in the period between 1850 and 1910 for the purpose of studying in such Universities as those of Berlin, Gottingen, Heidelberg, Jena, and Leipsig. If one should take the time to list the leaders of American thought during the past fifty years he would be surprised to find how many of them were trained in Germany. In the field of education in particular one finds that the leadership has been practically in the hands of those who, like the following, were at one time students in Germany: Presidents Eliot, Butler, Hall, King, Angell, Hill, Gilman, and Hadley and Professors Ira Remsen, G. H. Palmer, F. M. McMurray, J. E. Russell, George Ticknor, E. D. W. Burton, J. M. Cattell, J. H. Robinson, and W. G. Sumner. Who can measure the influence of these men on intellectual life of America. And when we consider that these were but a part of the large number who went to Germany for their training the importance of this migration is at once appar

ent.

In this short paper, we have been able only to suggest or sketch in outline a few of the great student migrations of history. It has been impossible to take up other, perhaps lesser, movements, as, for instance, that of the Japanese to America in the 80's and 90's. Sufficient facts, however, we hope, have been presented to stimulate the reader to look more thoroughly into the story of these remarkable student migrations. In this way present-day student movements will become intelligible, and, in particular, the Chinese student migration will take on its true significance.

RELIGIOUS AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES AT
HOME AND ABROAD

The Associate Editor in charge of this section welcomes any news or information concerning religious and social activities in China or elsewhere. Correspondence should be directed to Paul C. Fugh, 1207 Yale Station, New Haven, Connecticut, U. S. A.

From the March Circular of the Y. M. C. A. at Shanghai for the Student Secretaries, we learn the following news: "(1) The North Fukien Spring Conference was attended by 162 delegates representing 30 different schools. Of this number, six were government schools. . .The sessions of the conference were marked by careful attention and thoughful discussion when opportunity was offered. Interest did not lag at my point during the seven days... Attendance of delegates was limited to those who are workers in student associations or in work among government school students. The impression made on these men was evident in the closing meetings when a large number told of definite ways in which they expected to reform themselves and others. (2) The relationship between the student associations and the student department of the Foochow city association is remarkably good. The student department secretary makes frequent visits to the schools meeting with the cabinets. Cabinet officers are called together for conference every two months. This year instead of calling all officers of each student association in for the bi-monthly conferences, the plan is followed of calling in the chairman of some one department in each of the schools and having them discuss the questions which arise in that one department. At one time the Bible study chairmen may meet, and at the next time, the chairmen on social service will meet. Every month a report blank is mailed to 20 student associations. Nearly all of them return the blank with the information asked for. Every ten days a small magazine is published and circulated free of cost among the student associations of the province. The cost of this magazine is met by advertisements. (3) An active work is carried on among the government school

students. It is expected to have an attendance of 350 government middle school students in the Bible study classes which are held in the Y. M. C. A. building. A large number of students have made decisions for the Christian life . . . These students are all in Bible study classes. A free evening school is conducted in the building through voluntary service. The attendance this year has been about a hundred. But it is expected to increase this number during the spring term. (4) The Canton Christian College is issuing a Chinese and English weekly edition of the Student Christian Association paper. Copies of this paper can be secured by writing to the secretary, Mr. T. Y. Lee. (5) Over a hundred student delegates attended the Changsha Conference in February. Twenty-five leaders including Bishop Roots, James Yen, C. S. Chen and C. C. Liu stayed through the week of conference. Nineteen schools were represented. Thirteen. students decided to enter the ministry, four of whom were from government schools. Seventeen of the twenty-eight non-Christians attending the conference made decisions for the Christian life."

Mr. Wilbur S. Shires, a teacher in the Kashing High School, recently wrote to the Shanghai Y. M. C. A. reporting the Christian work among the students of that school. The following paragraph is extracted from his interesting letter: "More than two weeks ago some of the students of Kashing High School met together and promised each other to meet regularly each morning before breakfast and pray earnestly and definitely for a revival in our school. They were inspired to do this by hearing the marvelous story of how the great revivals of Korea grew out of such a prayer meeting in a small Korean church, where at first a devout pastor and one elder of the church met together every morning, and were later joined by other Christians to pray definitely for an ingathering of souls to Christ . . . The students were faithful in prayer, and in personal work. From five to thirty students met regularly each morning together with two members of the faculty to pray for the non-Christians students in Kashing High School. . . . Some earnest personal work was done during the day by these workers. When students prayed this way, there had to be an answer, because God had said, ASK, AND YOU SHALL RECEIVE . . . After two weeks of this earnest

prayer in public and private, one hundred and sixteen boys confessed their faith and their determination henceforth to serve Christ; while forty-six of this number signified their desire to join the Christian church as soon as they could be admitted by the presbytery. An inquirers' class has been formed for the purpose of instructing these students and of leading those who have only a partial belief to full and complete faith. We hope the revival has only begun. Why can not this be the beginning of greater things? If you believe, all things are possible to him who believes.'"

The Chinese Students' Christian Association in France held its first spring conference at Barbyzon, near the palace of Fontainbleau on the first, second and third of April. Thirty delegates from various schools and colleges attended the conference. It has been learned that everyone who availed himself of the opportunity to attend the meeting was deeply impressed by the quiet devotions, inspiring lectures, open-minded discussions of important problems, as well as by the beautiful sceneries of the conference ground. It reminds us of the conference of the secretaries of the Y. M. C. A. for the Chinese laborers in France which was held at the same place last year.

We are glad to learn the progress of the Chinese Y. M. C. A. at San Francisco. The Christian Association for the Chinese in this city was started ten years ago. Since then it has grown rapidly. At the end of the first year, it had only 130 members; this year it has 597 members. The expenditure for the first year was 1,482 dollars in gold; last year it amounted to 10,595 dollars in gold. Recently, Dr. John R. Mott made some definite plans with the local secretaries about the erecting of a new building for the association work in that city.

The first issue of the March numbers of Millard's Review has brough us the news that Peking University has closed the School of Theology in order that both students and faculty may devote themselves to the work of distributing relief in famine districts. The seniors who expect their degrees in June will be given credit on the basis of reports, and these reports prepared as a result of their observation and work in the country should be valuable.

The new building of the National Committee of the Y. M. C. A. of China has ben completed. The dedication took place on April 12. This building, according to recent information from Shanghai, is a modern structure of five stories in re-enforced concrete, and is furnished with all up-to-date office equipment.

Regarding the Chinese Students Volunteer Movement for the ministry, we have been informed that volunteer workers. have been recently appointed in 13 provinces. There are two workers for each province, one missionary and one Chinese. The Chinese is an ordained pastor who acts as secretary, while the missionary is his adviser.

We read with keen interest from some of the letters published in the April issue of the Bible Society Record how the Society is undertaking the work of printing the Gospels in the phonetic script to meet the increasing demand which has arisen from nation-wide adoption of this "simplified Chinese language:" (1) "at the last meeting of the Phonetic Promotion Committee, I was introduced to inform you of the hearty appreciation of our Committee of the action of your Society (the American Bible Society) in joining with the British and Foreign Bible Society in the work of putting the whole New Testament into national phonetic script in the immediate future . . . We believe that the speedy appearance of the whole New Testament in phonetic will give a great impetus to the use of phonetic in the churches, and thus prove a great help in the phonetic movement. . . Again thanking you for your co-operation in this great work of bringing the Word of God within reach of the illiterates of China."-From Miss S. J. Garland, head of Special Committee for the Promotion of Phonetic Script. (2) “You have been hearing for some time past of the National Phonetic Society in China and of the efforts that are being made by the China Continuation Committee to secure its general adoption throughout the churches in Mandarin speaking China in teaching illiterates. I am happy to be able to report that the whole New Testament is now in manuscript form in the National Phonetic Society, and that its publication is being