I contend to be allowed to hold such opinions, and to maintain the foregoing definition of reaction without incurring censure for traducing my friends by pretending to accuse them of angry feeling. The 'pretend" is a word you would immediately disown if I was to insist on its full meaning as strictly as you construe Mr. O'Brien's 'violent.'

Miteside, Sep. 27, 1849.

W. J. LINTON.

[Before replying to Mr. O'Brien's letter, it seems proper to give place to this communication, which goes to justify his remarks. I suspect I was wrong in allowing Mr. O'Brien's term 'reaction.' A reaction in morals implies a going back to what was. Puseyism is properly styled a 'reaction.' because it is an attempt to bring back the religious system which subsisted in England 200 years ago; i.e., an attempt to restore the supremacy of the Established Church over the consciences of the people. But Communism cannot be so described. It is not a bringing back to what was, for it has not been with us. It is rather a substitution of the common good for private good, as a motive of action. But if we agree to consider Communism, as both Mr. Linton and Mr. O'Brien seem in effect to describe it as an extreme going back from what is-we shall sufficiently define the question in discussion. In this sense Mr. Linton was a reactionist, because he recoiled at the abuses of Competition, which, when he came to analyse, he found distinct from the principle-which, in his opinion, was good. Communists, however, regard the principle as an abuse. Discriminating as well as they are able, they are not of opinion that the 'mischiefs of competition result from the wrong application,' but chiefly from the principle itself. They, therefore, substitute another in its place, and are more substitutionists than reactionists. They will accept the explanation that they are not spoken of as violent in the sense of passion or impatience. But how were they to know that the language of their enemies was not employed in the sense of their enemies, before this explanation? Mr. Linton is right that I have used the word 'pretend' in a sense by which I would not stand.—ED.]

THE CURSE REMOVED.

A LETTER TO THE MANUFACTURERS OF MANCHESTER, BY A CITIZEN OF EDINBURGH.*

THE 'Citizen of Edinburgh' (we believe Mr. Dick) who has penned this letter, has selected the Manchester manufacturers from all others, because they were the first to adopt his views on the Corn-Laws; and he believes that the next measure incumbent on them for the purpose of realising the benefits of free trade is that which he suggests in this letter. The gist of his proposition is that all permanent prosperity is impossible while the national debt exists, and our extravagant expenditure maintained at its present amount; and he proposes to relieve us of our immense burden by honestly paying the debt, and destroying the funding system. His plan has the advantage of simplicity of design; the disadvantage of immense difficulty in the execution. It is this: that all the crown lands, the property of the churches of England, Scotland, and Ireland, should be

London: Wilson, 11, Royal Exchange. 1849.

realised, and applied to pay the debt, together with a tax of 5 per cent. on railway property, 10 per cent. on landed property, and 5 per cent. on all other property. The plan is worth consideration, the letter admirably written, and the subject one which must soon occupy the minds of our leading financial reformers. We are happy to add that the Citizen of Edinburgh' has done more than usual justice to the labourer in pointing out the iniquity of his position, estimating his social value, and demanding the acknowledgment of his rights.

THE QUEEN'S VISIT.

'Morally and physically it seems likely to feed the Irish for the Autumn.'-Spectator.

O cheerily the sunbeams on the Isle of Famine play;

And eyes that mourn'd O'Brien's fate are drunk with joy to-day;
And the holy bells peal merrily, the festal streets are full;
And through the triumph-arches swarm the brave, the beautiful.

Is Mitchel then come home again, is Meagher in Kingstown bay,
Is Ireland's nationhood proclaim'd, that ye are mad to-day?
Hark to the canrons' welcome-shout, to yonder breathless cheer
Bursting from eager rushing crowds- The Queen! the Queen is here!'
Comes she with food for the starving poor? our lives shall kiss her hand.
Or brings she gracious 'pardon for the love of native land?
Or beareth she our charter'd rights? ay, monarch though she be,
We'll thank her with an upright heart, if not a bended knee.
Nor aid, nor grace, nor justice !-But yonder is the Queen,
The happy wife and mother, with a brow as heaven's serene.
Stare at her, Irish patriot! thy home is nought to thee,
Since Irish wives no longer care to have their children free.
On golden leaves in crimson wrought :ight royally she treads:*
So hide they Ireland's wretched corse with closely-woven threads.
Twere pity England's Queen should see the uncongealed blood
On the yellow wither'd shamrock-leaves by centuries down-trod.
What matters, loyal Irishmen! thy country's death or pain,
So in the smile of Royalty thy trade revive again?
Yet one cheer more, to help the cant, to clinch the dirty lie,
Of slaves who fawn for protit, and who call it loyalty.
And, Irish Maiden! thou canst love the Saxon's ready slave,-
The Irish Youth who tramples on our Emmett's holiest grave,
The Dastard whose un-Irish tongue gives Davis' hope the lie,
To welcome on Fitzgerald's land this hollow pageantry.

I look'd into a peasant's home:' his wife and babes lay there;

The wife was dead o' the blue plague, the children starving were;
He gazed upon the broken wall, nor saw the sun burst through ;--
Come forth, and shout God bless the Queen!' thy blessing may be true.

Why cower ye, wretched family! that ruin-heap beside?

Ye have no home now: to the streets, and swell the loyal tide!
O, ye who pace yon guarded deck, how would ye hug your chains
Could ye but know what zeal to-day repays your exile pains!

Why art not Thou amid the throng of the parasite and slave?
Thou could'st not so forget thy Best, Beloved of the Brave!
Beside thine unstrung harp thou kneel'st thy mourning babes between,
Praying unto the Orphans' God, for the Felon, and the Queen.

SPARTACUS.

The carpet upon which the Queen walked was of crimson, embroidered with golden shamrocks. A most happy device!

Elustrative Notices.

LADISLAS TELEKI thus resumes (in the Times, of Oct. 25th) an able paper on the death of Louis Batthyany :- To resume. This condemnation without proofsthis judgment without a court-this sentence without a law-this execution on the 6th of October-this measure, which was taken now that Hungary is under foot, which they dared not take when Hungary had a sword-this measure, which was taken after sparing those who prolonged their resistance to the last extremity -how are we to call it? I leave it to the friends of order among all parties to find a name for this measure. I have done my duty. I have done it calmly and deliberately, while my heart is breaking. I had but to analyse a death-warrant of Batthyany. I need not speak- he is well known. His name was great-his soul was mighty. He was always noble and generous. His dying hour was sublime. Thou heroic martyr of a great and beautiful cause! thou gavest thy soul up to God; but thy memory will be green in our hearts-it will live for ever, and die with the last sigh of the last Magyar.'

in Haverfordwest, says the Daily News, of October 16, G. Thomas, a LatterDay Saint, was baptized in a mill stream while labouring under an attack of Cholera. Death followed.

Effiax has published a National Creditor's Catechism,' which abounds in pertinent remarks but of unequal relevance.

Messrs. A. Walker and Elihu Burritt intimate, in the last number of the Bond of Brotherhood, their intention of speedily returning to America.

A young man is desirous of opening a school on the Southwark side of the water, as soon as he can obtain twenty scholars. He proposes to instruct them in the necessary rudiments of secular learning, leaving it to their parents to impart to them whatever religious principles they may deem best. Parents anxious to send their children to a school of this description, are referred to Mr. Side, 5, Pepper Street, Union Street, Borough-or at the South London Hall, Blackfriars Road, on Sunday evening-for further particulars.

The meeting at Anderton's Hotel, at which Mr. Owen presided, was very numerously attended. A provisional committee was appointed, consisting of Messrs. Hanhart, Ivory, Holyoake, Dr. Brookes, Campbell, Buchanan, Jones, Kenny, Atkinson, Rigby, Fleming, Smith, Weller, Cramp, and Sully. The meeting was adjourned till this evening, at the John Street Coffee Room.

The Standard of Freedom reports that On Wednesday, October 10, the Rev. E. S. Pryce, minister of Zion Chapel, and Mr. Henry Smith, tailor, in the New Road, Gravesend, appeared before the justices of the peace for the borough, in answer to a summons for non-payment of church rates. It appeared that application had previously been made for a summons for arrears of church rates for seve ral years, but the magistrates refused to grant for more than one rate only, and the summons was accordingly made for a rate made the fifth day of July last, amount ing to 11s. 4d. Mr. Pryce raised several legal objections: first, that the summons was granted by information of one churchwarden only, whereas it was necessary that the churchwardens should act jointly-there being no separation of the parish into districts. This objection the magistrates overruled, and decided that the complaint of one churchwarden was sufficient. Secondly, Mr. Pryce pleaded that the churchwardens must themselves personally demand the rate, as the words of the Act were, "Who shall receive and collect the same," and the magistrates reserved on this objection to their decision. Thirdly, Mr. Pryce required proof of the fact that he had refused and neglected to pay, and on the attempt to prove that application for this specific rate had been made, the evidence broke down, and the magistrates dismissed both summonses. It is a long time since the parish of Gravesend has been disturbed by any proceedings to recover church rates. The Rev. R. T. Joynes, D D., who was for some years rector of Gravesend, signalised himself among the clergy by a powerful and just opposition to them. In a speech delivered by him in the year 1837, which was published by Ridgway as a pamphlet, he says-"What would you think of a law that enabled a nobleman to pick the br ken sticks from a neighbour's hedge to light the fire in his hall, whilst his own forest tree remained untouched ?" G. J. H.

Eclectic Institute, 72, Newman Street, Ox-senting the great difficulty of obtaining the above ford Street November 4, (8) J. B. O'Brien, B.A. The Application of Scriptural Truths to the Prac

WOMEN IN ICARIA.

Under this title, the National Anti-Slavery Standard. U. S., quotes the following passage from the St. Louis Rereille :

'Attention has hardly as yet been settled upon M. Cabet and his society of Communisis at Nauvoo, but this will not long be the case. They are already busily at work rebuilding the temple as a workshop, and planting the fields, so soon again to teem with an abundant harvest. For some days back we have had the circular of M. Cabet upon our table, and it has been noticed in the city papers. At present we have but room for an outline of the condition of females of the association. These people have been much slandered on this point. In the matter of divorce, we think our legislators at Jefferson may take a good lesson from those at Nauvoo...... The paragraph on marriage is as follows:-Marriage and the domestic attachments will exist in all their purity and all their force. We hold them to be the chief source of happiness in social life: this we think so evident that it is not necessary to prove it; the contrary is the opinion of but few, and appears so erroneous, false, imprudent to the universal feeling, that it must spring either from folly or a perfidious hostility to Communion. It is not marriage which is an evil, but its bad organisation; it being often contracted from all sorts of interested motives. To remedy this it is not necessary to suppress marriage, but to organise it better-which will be done in com. munity. As there will be no marriage settlements, marriage will depend on personal fitness. If it should be absolutely necessary, divorce (under very great and well considered restrictions) will render both parties tree to accept legitimate offers. The Communists do not intend that divorce shall be encouraged by its facility, but that it shall, in extreme cases, be employed as a remedy for the miseries of ill-assorted unions, and a protection to the wife from a tyranny which admits of no escape, and too frequently leads to immoral and degrading connections.'

ADVERTISEMENTS.

[The subjoined scale of charges for Advertisements has been adopted to facilitate announcements of New Books, and matters in which we take interest. An Advertisement of ten lines, 2s. 6d. ; each additional line, 2d.]

Just Published, Price Twopence,
THE LIFE AND CHARACTER OF HENRY

HETHERINGTON, from the Eloge by T.
Cooper, author of the Purgatory of Suicides:' the
Oration at Kensal Green Cemetery, by G. J. Holy-
oake, editor of the Reasoner: the Speech of James
Watson a Tribute, by W. J. Linton. with Hether-
ington's Last Will and Testament.'
•

3rd edition.

Works Published by the late H. Hetherington. Cheap Salvation, by H. Hetherington

0 3

Trial of Henry Hetherington for Blasphemy before Lord Denman, with his excellent defence

0 6

....

The Questions of Zapata..

0

The Celebrated Speech of Robert Emmett,

the Irish Patriot

0 1

0 1
0 4

R. Cooper's Infidel's Text Book, bds.
[Or in 13 Nos., at 2d. each.]

Strauss's Life of Jesus. 4 vols., cloth
[Only 2 complete copies remain unsold.]
Vols. III. and IV. ditto, each

[A considerable quantity of numbers remain on hand, so that persons having incom

The Reasoner is sent free by Post, the Quarter's Subscription 48. 4d., on thin paper 31. 3d., and issued in Monthly Parts and Half-yearly Volumes.

All post once orders to be made payable to George Jacob Holyoake, Chief Office, London. RECEIVED Commercial Journal & Family Herald, No. 44.-W. Woolley, Shelton. (His encouragConstant ing letter was read with pleasure. occupation prevents me complying with his request, which would otherwise give me pleasure.)-L. S., Berwick. (His request shall be considered.)-W. Knowles. (The subscriptions have been paid to Mr. Whitaker.)-Utilitarian, Alnwick. (When we find an opportunity of considering the policy of teetotalism, we shall obviate many of the objections which he thoughtfully urges.)-The Ardai Vizeth Nameh.-G. F. W. (Postage stamps safely at hand.)-Spectator, No. 1112. Treasury Patronage,' by a Working Clerk. Remarks on the Confessions of a Convert from Tectotalism to Temperance,' by Jabez Inwards.

For the Italian Refugee Fund.-W. Charnock 1s.. H. B. P. 1s.

** Mr. Harrison's article, 'Aids to Conciliation," as also W. A.'s on Post Office Controversy,' which we have even advertised on our Bills, are displaced 26 by Mr. Cooper's Oration.'