to set up a monarch again. He, therefore, that hath the longest sword, gets the victory, and the chief command. In this case, it is an easy matter for us to make an interest for ourselves, by encouraging some party, and imitating the Roman policy, who never ventured against a nation, or people, but with the assistance of some of their own soldiers. But it is our unhappiness, that we know not what is done amongst the Moors; we live in Tangier within the walls and lines, and, unless we send a flag of truce for some pitiful business, we scarce see the face of a Moor in a year's time, but at a distance, unless some of them come to bring provisions to us. But we have never sent any to understand their country, to search into their strength and dependencies, to examine their interests, their inclinations, and those other things which we might improve to the advantage of Tangier. If any be sent for that purpose, he must not be a nobleman, for they care not to see any greater state amongst them than they observe. Their greatest princes live as king Evander in Virgil. As they have a great respect for clergymen, I think such a one, if ingenious, and acquainted with the language of the country, might do much good, either to persuade them to a peace and trade with us, or to understand those particulars, which might cause us to secure the interest of Tangier; that may be done either by peace or war. But let us be well assured of this, that, whilst we keep only the walls of Tangier, we shall only spend money; it will never bring any profit to our king, unless the country be opened for us, which may be easily done, with little or no expence; and, instead of several thousand pounds which his majesty spends in the maintaining of Tangier, it shall not only maintain itself, but yield a considerable revenue to the crown of England. For the future, it may be rendered a dreadful city to the Moors, Spaniards, Turks, and French, and keep in the incursions of those of Algier.

If Tangier were in that condition, men would desire to go over and inhabit there, for the conveniency of trade; some neighbour factories would settle there, and we should vend all commodities of wool which lie upon our hands, amongst the Africans, for now the Dutch and French furnish them. We should secure our merchants, from the pirates of Algier, for then they would not dare to break with us upon every slight occasion. When the Vandals conquered Africa, it was stronger than it is now, and they had not the advantage of guns as we have, yet they found but little difficulty to subdue the inhabitants, who were then assisted by the Romans and Grecians.

I could offer many things for the good of Tangier, from my knowledge of the country since the beginning of the world: but I know not how acceptable these things will be. I am certain, if a right course was taken, the mole, which hath been long building, might be speedily finished; Tangier might be made the most prosperous and hopeful city that belongs to England; and it should repay to his majesty all that has been expended in the keeping of it since it was ours. If I be required, I shall be willing, not only to give a further account, but also to be instrumental in the promoting of the good of Tangier.

A LETTER TO THE EARL OF SHAFTSBURY,

This 9th day of July, 1680.

FROM

TOM TELL-TROTH, A DOWNRIGHT ENGLISHMAN. Folio, containing four pages.

MY LORD,

HAVE lived to see your lordship great as well as popular, and a stout assertor of the protestant religion and interest. Wherefore to your lordship have I thought fit, in this time of danger to our native country, to lay before you the great mischiefs that both the monarchy and protestant religion do suffer, in respect of the present designs of papists and commonwealth's men: and when I have discovered to your lordship their intrigues, as far as my strict scrutiny and search into them, besides sufficient testimonies from others truly informed, have satisfied me, I hope we shall take such adequate measures from them, to satisfy both your lordship and this kingdom, that ruin and desolation will come swift on us, confusion and every evil work, if some speedy remedy be not instantly proposed by the wisdom of the great council of this nation.

And first, my lord, your lordship will please to give me leave to make a parallel between the past actions of the designing men before and after 1641, to the happy restoration of the king; by it, I shall be able to satisfy your lordship, that what was then designed and effected upon the person of the late King, Church of England, and Government, were the result of such pernicious counsels and designs, as are now hatching by these sons of Belial, to the present disturbance, if not ruin of our flourishing church and kingdom.

It is obvious to all that have had any knowledge of the late transactions before 1640, and after, that the papist seeing our church so well guarded with purity of doctrine and faith, with innocent ceremonies, to defend her from the invasion of slovenly and dishonourably worshiping of the great god; as well also to avoid the superstition and foppery of the worship of the Church of Rome: behold what emissaries were there sent out, and with what cloathing to deceive; the puritan must be drawn in to make an outcry against canons, ceremonies, and whatever was injoined by law in the worship of God must be antichristian, at least it must be said unlawfully imposed on their tender consciences. From sowing these doctrines, the poor and the ignorant were taught to believe bishops to be the very limbs of antichrist, and superstition and idolatry brought by them into the church; and many worthy patriots,

such as Prynne, Bastwick, and Burton, &c. would smell popery and superstition, in gown, surplice, cross in baptism, worshiping God towards the east, a primitive custom in the church of God, &c. then publish to the world the great care they had to bring things to a due reformation both in church and state. But behold the consequence of this undertaking; they had no sooner gone about to undermine the Church of England, but then it was fit time to call in question too the miscarriages of state, and to be sure Archbishop Laud, who was the most eminent assertor of the rights of the church, and as true a protestant as ever lived, must be the first man cried down by the teachers and rabble, for being popishly inclined, or rather for being a papist, and must be butchered too for that supposition; by his death ended the tranquillity of the once flourishing Church of England: thus had the papist, hand in hand with fanatick rage and zeal, triumphed over us. But, after this, it was not enough to bring our church low, but we must yet go higher-Well! What encouragement has the king given to papists of late, by preferring them to places of great consequence in the government, such as were Strafford, &c.?-These persons, say those, must be removed for evil counsellors, or we shall have no peace in our Israel; accordingly our zealous teachers sent their disciples abroad in all avenues of the city, to cry down evil counsellors, for that their design was to bring in popery, and destroy liberty, ay the liberty of the subject. And then forsooth shipmoney, a huge burden to what we have felt since, was against Magna Charta, indeed every thing in the government found fault with, as either popishly or arbitrarily inclined; then cry out for reformation, reformation. And when, for peace-sake, our good king had granted many of their unreasonable demands, and had delivered to their fury innocent blood, to prevent, as he thought, the shedding much more; yet would not their rage stop here, but, at last, king, church, and all were brought to destruction, by the most horrid rebellion and villainy, as can scarce be paralleled in any kingdom in the world in all circumstances. And now, my lord, one would think, that this pretended glorious re formation should have produced some settlement by this time to the tottering kingdom: no, truly; we found nothing but sect springing out of sect; and they, that once prayed and fought together against the peace of the kingdom in one body, and, as it were, under one denomina-' tion, are presently dwindled into many little parties and saintships, and every one crying to his neighbour, I am holier than thou art ; so that from papist sprung puritan, from puritan presbyterian, from presbyterian independent; from thence anabaptists, antinomians, fifth-monarchists, sweet singers in Israel, quakers, Muggletonians, and the Lord knows what, till, by and through the inconstancy of their persons and judgments, and the various freaks of the several humours, all was reduced to a chaos; so that neither a single usurper, nor a parliament without a king, nor committee of safety, nor keepers of the liberties, or councils of officers, and strength of arms could produce any quiet, till God wonderfully restored him, whose undoubted right it was to sway the scepter of these kingdoms. And thus, my lord, I have, in short, given your lordship an account of what has been acted in those times; let me now crave leave further to make the parallel with the present times;

and therein, if I reflect on some of the busy and designing men, I hope I shall not break the laws of decorum, because things are brought to that crisis, that, if an honest English heart will not now speak home to the purpose, for aught I can see, he may evermore hold his peace.

Well then, my lord, do we not now perceive, as clear as the sun at noon-day, that the same men, or men of the same principles, are again hard at work to undermine and destroy both our church, and state too? What divided interests and factions have there been, for seven years last past, and more, to bring the king and governors into disgrace, by frequent clubs at coffee-houses and taverns, on purpose to break the bonds of unity among us! From these places and sinks of sedition and rebellion, have there not been many of a higher form, who, through discontent, or love of faction and change of government, or for not being continued, or preferred to the highest and most honourable places therein, have endeavoured all they can to breed differences between the two houses of parliament, by throwing in a little matter with a ball of contention at the end on't, purposely to hinder the prosecution of what should tend to the advancement of the publick weal; and what can be more plain, than that such designs since were like those of 1641? Because the bishops would not herd with commonwealth's-men's interests. Yet, my lord, I do believe the bishops are as prudent men, and can as well tell the nature of an oath, together with the design as well as the consequence thereof, as any states-men I know of in the kingdom, let them pretend to what they will; and besides, I am sure their interest is so interwoven in the monarchy of England, that neither popery, nor any other interest besides that of their own church as established by law, can any ways preserve them, unless they will all as one man fall down and worship the great image, and be all things to all men, that they may be sure to get something, as many, my lord, pretended famous states-men have done in the several changes of government in these kingdoms. But that is not to be supposed of them, since they would not, nor did ever join with any such interest as opposed church or state; and thus did both city and country, clubs, and coffee-houses ring, that the bishops were the only opposers of the true interest of the kingdom, and the great occasion why justice could not be done on capital and notorious offenders. This, my lord, is a true spice of old 1641, and your lordship cannot but observe, that it hath brought the bishops into suspicion with the vulgar sort, that they are driving on the popish design, and that there are not above two protestant bishops amongst them all, as they give out.

Well, but this will not do yet; 'tis not so long since Laud was murdered, and Strafford: people sufficiently smarted under covenanting reformers, and army saints, and 'tis not easy to play the same game over again the same way. And this the designing men see, and so are fain to have other artifices to rend the government in pieces, and reduce it to its former chaos or designed commonwealth; so that if neither disquieting or dividing parliaments, nor secret combining clubs against great ministers of state, nor a seeming weariness of the monarchy of England, nor disgracing the governours of the church, nor suspicion of popery, and the introducing thereof, will do the business to exasperate

the people, as in 1641: Why truly then comes forth a plot full of treason and popery; then forsooth the duke must needs be the foundation of this damnable plot, and the discoverers (who no doubt have been blessed instruments to save us at this time from the paw of antichrist) must be revered as demy-gods, among the vulgar, but more especially among the precious independent and anabaptist faction; but not to reflect on the king's evidence, for no doubt deservedly did those suffer who were condemned by the justice of our laws, and many more deservedly may that have a hand in that pernicious and bloody design against his majesty's sacred person and government. In this hurly-burly what a confusion did it bring the kingdom into? How did it necessitate the king to prorogue and adjourn, yea, and dissolve parliaments from time to time? When he could not but so do for the preservation of the peace of the kingdom, and defeating the designs both of popish and self-designing men who sought to disturb it; and so apparent this was, that no loyal heart but trembled at it. Then again forsooth all miscarriages of this nature must be attributed to the duke and his party, and given out by the designing men, that no parliaments should ever sit again, but all would be arbitrary, and accordingly guards must be doubled to defend us from Jesuits, and popery, and this bugbear of arbitrary government. Now in the name of Machiavel where are we going next? 'Oh!' cries the first and deepest among the designers, 'let us keep off the king from parliaments till his revenue will not answer the charge of the crown, and put him into the condition his father of blessed memory was, that he will be necessitated to call one; then he shall be obliged to redress all the grievances, hang all plotters (provided they be none but such as are popishly inclined), punish church offenders, and saint persecutors; then shall he be obliged to hearken to every thing we shall propose about succession; then we shall be able to make our own terms with him, either we will have Monmouth, or we will know why: we will have one black-box or other found, wherein the writing is, that will prove what we would have legitimate, and successor to the crown, in opposition to royal word, and whatever demonstrations shall be the contrary, provided it effectually hinders and deprives the known, true, and lawful successor that is popishly affected; and we will never leave clubbing nor meeting, till we have effected this, maugre all former designs by popish counsels, or protestants whatsoever.'

Indeed, my lord, it were to be wished for the quiet and welfare of the nation, that these, and such like designs, were laid aside, and every one studied to do his own business, to obey wholesome laws, rather than to trust again to new law-makers: for my part, my lord, I wonder what it is these men would have. If they think that ever popery or arbitrary government can govern in this kingdom, then they have reason to be thus concerned. But, my lord, though I am a plain old Eng. lishman, I can see as far it may be as one that sees less; and I protest, my lord, that after having read over abundance of such ware as little Andrew Marvel's unhoopable wit and policy, and the Independent Comment amongst it, together with the Growth of Popery, &c. as also the Naked Truth, Treatises about French interests, and the Succession of