many of the English; and the two armies met at Bosworth-field, in Leicestershire, when Richmond was completely successful, and Richard was killed.

Richmond was then proclaimed king, by the title of Henry the Seventh, to the great joy of the nation. It is true that he had no real right to the crown; he got it by conquest; but the people were so glad to get rid of Richard, that they did not seem desirous of enquiring too strictly, into the claims of Henry.

In this letter, I have given you an account of two kings, Edward the Fifth and Richard the Third. The first was king about two months; the other about two years, being killed in Bosworth-field, in the year 1485.

I am, &c.

J. S.

INSTRUCTION TO BE FOUND IN NEWSPAPERS. To the Editor of the Cottager's Monthly Visitor.

SIR,

To a serious mind there are few things more awfully interesting than the perusal of the daily newspapers. The details they present of the sinfulness of which our nature is capable, and of all the realities of our mortal condition, come home to those who read them rightly with a force which is irresistible: and I have long since made the observation that whatever turn our minister's exhortations happen to take on a Sunday, I am almost sure to meet with something in the newspapers of the ensuing week, to prove and confirm them. The Oxford Herald of Saturday, August 2nd, records an event so fully proving the truth of this remark, and so awfully pointing out the uncertainty of life, that I have subjoined the

narrative, in the persuasion that it will impress most of your readers as deeply as it has myself.

Oxford, Aug. 12, 1823.

I am, Yours, &c.

X. Y.

DREADFUL ACCIDENT.

We have seldom had the painful duty to record an accident more awful and melancholy than that which we are about to narrate. On Saturday morning last, the Sovereign, a post coach running daily from Birmingham to London, was overturned in consequence of the lynch-pin of the near fore-wheel having escaped from the axle.

The coach had reached about four miles this side of Leamington: it had passed the sharp declivity of a hill, and was descending at a swift rate into the flat, when the wheel came off; the vehicle fell with tremendous violence-dashing the outside passengers to the ground; but as the horses continued their pace, it rebounded, and reeling, crushed in its second fall, the coachman (Hassell) and the Rev. Charles Lewis Atterbury, senior Student of Christ Church, who was seated on the box, and, at the moment of the concussion, had clung to the driver. Several others of the travellers were seriously, but not mortally, injured.

This accident was attended by several extraordinary circumstances. On the Sunday preceding, Mr. Atterbury preached a particularly impressive sermon in the church of St. Mary Magdalen, in this city, of which he was vicar: his text was from the 38th chapter of Isaiah, v. 1. Set thine house in order: for thou shalt die, and not live. It appears, moreover, that the box seat had been taken at Leamington by another passenger, who chose to walk forwards out of the town; but Mr. Atterbury, who had ordered his place to be booked at Birmingham, conceiving himself entitled to the priority of choice, re

moved the coat spread on the box, and seated himself in the favourite place. When the coach overtook the other gentleman, a dispute naturally ensued on the subject, in which words ran high-both contending for the seat of death to within a few yards of the fatal spot.

We cannot dismiss this sorrowful subject without stating our surprise, that the proprietors of stagecoaches do not adopt, in the construction of the lower part of their carriages, the plan followed in the mails, which, we understand, would entirely pre vent the occurrence of accidents proceeding from the escape of the lynch-pin.

TO MAKE YEAST.

To the Editor of the Cottager's Monthly Visitor. SIR,

SEVERAL receipts for making yeast having lately appeared in the Cottager's Monthly Visitor, I shall beg to offer the following, which has been in very general use in this part of the country for many years, and never fails, when properly managed.

Boil three or four potatoes; rub them till very smooth, with two pounds of flour in a deep pot Then boil one ounce of hops in a gallon of water for an hour; strain this on the flour, and mix them well together; and, when milk warm, add a pint of the same previously prepared yeast, or common yeast to begin with. Let this mixture stand for twenty four hours, very near to the fire; and then bottle it for use. A pint and half of the above is sufficient for a stone of flour. The dough should be made up with warm water; and, after being made up, must stand fifteen or sixteen hours before it is baked. It must be kept considerably warmer than dough made with common yeast; but it must

not stand so long, or so near the fire, in warm weather, as in cold; otherwise, the dough will be apt to turn sour. But a little experience will soon enable any one to judge of the proper degree of heat. It will do very well without the potatoes, but they are a very great improvement. Some people always leave a little yeast in the bottle and add the new as soon as milk warm, without letting it stand to work in the pot.

Cumberland, July 14th.

A CHEAP STEW.

The following Letters are from the same Correspondent as the foregoing.

We Cottagers in the South are very glad to learn how the North-country people make the cheap and savoury dishes which they are so fond of.

PEEL some raw potatoes; slice them thin; put the slices into a deep frying-pan, with a little water and onions, and a sprinkling of pepper. Then get a bone or two of a breast of mutton, or a little strip of salt pork, and put into it. Cover it down close; keep in the steam, and let it stew for an hour.

Another.

Take two or three pickled herrings; put them into a stone jar, fill it up with potatoes, and a little water, and let it bake in the oven till it is done.

Potatoe Pot.

Lay some small pieces of beef, or mutton, at the bottom of a deep brown dish. Season them with pepper and salt; slice in some onions: peel some potatoes, but do not slice them; and fill up the dish with them: pour in some water, and sprinkle some salt over the top of the potatoes; then a dust of flour; and bake it.

Potatoe Hash

Is made the same way, only it is boiled till very soft in a stew pan, with a good deal of water instead of being baked. These two last are very favourite Cumberland dishes, and a very small bit of meat makes a large quantity of gravy, and potatoes, very savoury.

The same Correspondent hath sent us the two following receipts. We have had no opportunity of judging of their efficacy.

FOR WEAK EYES.

A Tea-spoonful of brandy, a table spoonful of vinegar, and a pint of water.

Another.

The size of a pea of camphor dissolved in a teaspoonful of brandy; add to this, a pint of rose-water. Cumberland, July 14th. 1823.

INSTANCE OF THE EFFECT OF VACCINATION. To the Editor of the Cottager's Monthly Visitor. SIR,

AFTER a short absence from home, I revisited the cottage of an honest waterman, in this parish, who had long been confined by a dangerous illness. I had the pleasure to find him fast recovering; and he was indeed a better man than he had been,-in the best meaning of the phrase. A few weeks ago, his family consisted of three fine healthy children; but, now, two are gone. They fell victims to the smallpox; whilst the third who had been vaccinated, four years before, though she slept in the same bed with the others till the hour of their death, remains perfectly well. Should you think fit to communicate